用合作原则和关联理论分析欧亨利短篇小说对话的会话含义英语论文1.docx

本科生毕业论文（设计）册 学院 XXX学院 专业 英语教育 班级 XXXX级英语教育X班 学生 XXX 指导教师 XX XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书 XXX 学院 英语教育 专业 XXXX 届学生姓名XXX论文（设计）题目用合作原则和关联理论分析欧·亨利短篇小说对话的会话含义指导教师XX专业职称 副教授所属教研室基础教研室研究方向语言学课题论证：用合作原则与关联理论分析欧·亨利短篇小说对话的会话含义，论证语用理论运用于文学分析的应用。方案设计：第一章整体介绍论文的结构和研究的意义。 第二章对相关文学作品和语用学理论的文献论述。 第三章介绍合作原则和关联理论。 第四章运用两个原则对欧·亨利小说中对话进行分析。 第五章论文总结。进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目 3月23日前写开题报告、任务书3月30日前提交论文提纲4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述5月8 日前交终稿和评议书指导教师意见： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室意见： 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编 号： 论文（设计）题目：用合作原则和关联理论分析欧·亨利短篇小说对话的会话义 学院： XXX学院 专业： 英语教育 班级： XXXX级英语教育X班 学生姓名：XXX 学号： XXXXXXXXX 指导教师： XX 职称：副教授 1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是探讨合作原则和关联理论在文学作品中的应用。其主要任务通过分析两个原则在文学中的应用而指导分析文学作品。2、 论文（设计）的主要内容 本论文分为五章，第一章整体介绍论文的结构和研究的意义， 第二章对相关文学作品和语用学理论的文献论述。，第三章介绍合作原则和关联理论， 第四章运用两个原则对欧·亨利小说中对话进行分析，第五章论文总结。3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线 本论文的基础条件是不同的语言学家对相关理论的运用研究。研究路线是运用合作原则和关联理论对欧·亨利短篇小说对话进行分析。其主要任务是通过分析两个原则在文学中的应用指导分析文学作品。4、主要参考文献Grice, H. P.1975. The Co-operative Principle. New York: Academic Press.Huang, Guiqing. 2009. From Language to Pragmatics Theory and Practice. Xia Men: Xia Men University Press. O Henry. 2004. Short Stories of O Henry Qing Dao:Qing Dao Press.何自然，冉永平，2009。新编语用学概论。北京：北京大学出版社。姜望琪，2003。当代语用学。北京：北京大学出版社。5、计划进度阶段起止日期1确定初步论文题目3月16日前2与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字3月16日-3月23日3提交论文提纲3月23日-3月30日4交初稿和文献综述3月30日-4月20日5交终稿和评议书5月8日前指 导 教师： 年 月 日教研室主任： 年 月 注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓 名XXX学院XXX学院专业英语教育年级（班）XXXX级英语教育X班论 文 题 目用合作原则和关联理论分析欧·亨利短篇小说对话的会话含义完成时间2013/5/8论文内容摘要欧·亨利是世界三大短篇小说巨匠之一。长期以来，他的小说之所以受到读者的喜爱和作品中人物的幽默的言语和富有特色的下层人物特点密不可分。从文学方面对欧亨利短篇小说进行分析的研究已经有很多。本文尝试从语用学角度对欧亨利的短篇小说进行分析。 本文回顾了国内外语用理论用于文学作品研究的先例，得出用语用学研究文学语言的有效性。因此，本文主要从语用学角度运用合作原则和关联理论分析欧亨利的短篇小说中的会话含义。本文对所选用的两个原则进行了简要的论述，为文中的对话分析提供了理论支持。本文从所选的四篇短文中挑选了十个典型的人物对话，利用以上理论对会话含义的产生以及其表现的人物特点进行了详细的分析。综上所述，本文通过对所选的四篇短篇小说中的对话运用合作原则和关联理论进行分析，不仅为读者提供了理解欧·亨利短篇小说的新视角,同时也拓展了合作原则和关联理论的研究范围。 指导教师评语 年 月 日指 导 教 师职称初评成绩答辩小组姓名职称教研室组长成员答辩记录： 记录人签字： 年 月 日答辩小组意见： 组长签字： 年 月 日学院意见： 评定成绩： 签章 年 月 日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述Literature ReviewThis part is about literature analysis. O Henry is the pseudonym of William Sydney Porter. He is a famous writer of critical realism, and one of world's three short story masters. He has been hailed as the Manhattan critics crown prose writer and the father of modern American short story. His masterpieces include The Road of Destiny, The Four Million, Cabbages and Kings, some of them, such as The Gift of Magi, The Cop and the Anthem, The Last Leaf and so on win the international fame for him.His short stories expose the darkness of capitalism from different angles, describe the difficult life of lower class, praise their sincere friendships, love and desires to blessed life. He always writes a comedy ending to express deep social meanings, serious social realities. Furthermore, it points out the inevitability. Short story is a kind of the literature form. So, many studies of O Henrys short stories are focus on literary views. There are angles of the study, such as, studies on the images in the stories, the humorous languages of the stories, the themes of human nature, features of the strategies of the short stories, the inclination to the naturalism, realism in his short stories, and the features of the art in his short stories and so on. This part is about cooperative principle. Since the proposal of the cooperative principle by Grice in 1967, it has achieved great development in depth and width and has been applied to many areas in the studies abroad. Following are the surveys of the cooperative principle used in literature abroad.Cooperative principles study of literature can be traced back to the 1970s. Professor Van Diji (1976) terms a novel, a poem, and a drama as a literary discourse. Patt (1977) maintains that a literature is a particular speech context which involves a specific set of conventions and exceptions concerning the relationship between the author and the audiences, the preparation and selection of texts, the application of Grices cooperative principle, which, she subsequently carries out to analyze some literary texts. Geoffrey Leech and Michael Short in 1981 published Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose in which a whole chapter is devoted to conversation in the novel and practical analyses of prose texts and extracts are made. In that chapter, turning to a pragmatic analysis of fictional dialogue, Leech and Short introduce speech act theory and, in particular, Gricean principles, in examining “the gap between overt sense and pragmatic force” (Leech & Short, 1981: 294). They examine a passage from Jane Austins Pride and Prejudice; later analyze the dialogue between Nelly Dean and Isabella in Wuthering Heights written by Emily Bronte as well as dialogues in the famous detective fiction Destination Unknown written by Agatha Christie, in order to make their points on the violation of the conversational maxims put forward by Grice. They also maintain that “the pragmatic model of understanding can apply not only to character-character discourse, but also to the way in which authors convey message to their readers” (Leech&Short, 1981:302)Toolan (1990:273) applies some concepts of discourse analysis to the analysis of the dialogue in Faulkners Go Down, on which Grices cooperative principle helps a lot. Fowler (1996) argues that the theory helps to understand how discourse works, and provides numerous insights for linguistic criticism. In the literature area, the scholars at home have contributed a lot in this field. Shao Zhizhong (1990) has applied the cooperative principle to Shakespeare's Hamlet and King Lear. (TuJing: 2005a) Feng Zongxin (2002) has a study on the absurd dramas in an approach of the cooperative principle. Liu Xianzhen (2003) conducts a detailed discussion of some of the critical dialogues to trace the tragedy of the heroine Desdemona and arrives at the conclusion that the tragedy is largely caused by the deliberate violation of the cooperative principle on the part of the insidious participants in the novel. In Recent years, more researches have been done. Bao Xiaohui (2011) studies the character of the roles by violating the cooperative principle in Pride and Prejudice. Li Yin (2011) uses the cooperative principle to analyze the conversations in A Farewell to Arms. Hong Xiang (2012) put the cooperative principle to analyze conversations in The Importance of being Ernest. Zhang Meili (2012) investigates the violations of cooperative principle in Babylon Revisited and their functions. All those enrich the use of the cooperative principle in literature.This part is about relevant theory. Up to now, RT has been widely applied to many fields in literature. Gutt (1991), an eminent scholar from Germany, has testified relevance theorys explanatory force in translation. In Gutts view, translation is a kind of communication between the translator and target readers. Francisco Yus has surveyed the large-scale misunderstandings between characters in their dialogues in the Caretaker by Pinter. He researches the connotative implications of such misunderstanding from the perspective of relevance theory. From the angle of relevance theory, Nugali analyzes the poem. Nugalis analysis proves the feasibility of interpreting literary communication within the framework of relevance theory. Meanwhile, some foreign scholars criticize the validity of relevance theory in literary communication. Malmkjaer holds that literary translation research within relevance theory fails to provide practical guiding approaches for literary translation. Fawcett claims that the notion of “relevance” is too vague to be used in literary analysis.The domestic scholars also play an active role in the studies on relevance theorys application to literary communication. Yang Ping (1997) publishes Relevance Theory and Sentence Style in Modern Foreign Language, which aims at explaining why writers choose a specific sentence patterns in writing. Zeng Ping（2000） deliveres The Communication Function of Figure by Relevance Theory，which explains the Chinese language by western pragmatics. Yilan (2006) believes that literary appreciation, to some extent, can be regarded as a kind of ostensive-inferential cognitive communication between the author and the reader. During the process, the reader tends to seek optimal relevance. Hao Liping (2007) holds that literary appreciation can be conducted from the angle of relevance, context and optimal relevance. According to her, the nature of literary appreciation is a kind of ostensive-inferential process involved in interpreting the literary text. The ultimate aim is to seek the optimal relevance to the authors writing intentions. Tuqing (2005) points out that although the authors demonstrative act conveys some information through the literary text, the expressing effect is limited. The communication between the author and the reader can be spatial-temporal. So he thinks that true interpretation of literary text can be achieved only through readers cognitive inference on the basis of decoding. Wang Yin (2011) uses a relevance-theoretic approaching to Horror Construction in Allan Poes Fiction. Wang Ning (2011) analyzes the verbal humor in Everybody Loves Raymond by relevance theory. The researches above promote the development relevance theory used in literature analysis. 本科生毕业论文 题目：用合作原则和关联理论分析欧·亨利短篇小说对话的会话含义学院 XXXX学院 专业 英语教育 班级 XXXX级 X班 学生 XXX 指导教师 XX 完成日期2013年5月8日Analysis of the Conversational Implicature in O Henrys Short Story by Cooperative Principle and Relevance TheoryBYXXXXProf. XXXX, TutorA Thesis Submitted To Department of English Linguistic in PartialFulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of B.A in English At XXXXXX University May 8th, 2013摘要欧·亨利是世界三大短篇小说巨匠之一。长期以来，他的小说之所以受到读者的喜爱和作品中人物的幽默的言语和富有特色的下层人物特点密不可分。从文学方面对欧·亨利短篇小说进行分析的研究已经有很多。本文尝试从语用学角度对欧·亨利的短篇小说进行分析。 本文回顾了国内外语用理论用于文学作品研究的先例，得出用语用学研究文学语言的有效性。因此，本文主要从语用学角度运用合作原则和关联理论分析欧·亨利的短篇小说中的会话含义。本文对所选用的两个原则进行了简要的论述，为文中的对话分析提供了理论支持。本文从所选的四篇短文中挑选了十个典型的人物对话，利用以上理论对会话含义的产生以及其表现的人物特点进行了详细的分析。综上所述，本文通过对所选的四篇短篇小说中的对话运用合作原则和关联理论进行分析，不仅为读者提供了理解欧·亨利短篇小说的新视角,同时也拓展了合作原则和关联理论的研究范围。关键词： 会话含义 欧·亨利短篇小说 合作原则 关联理论Abstract in EnglishO Henry is one of world's three short story masters. For a long time, readers like his short stories attributing to humorous conversations of the characters and especially good qualities of the low class people. There are many researches on the short stories of O Henry, which study them from the angle of literature analysis. However, this thesis tries to provide an analysis of O Henrys short stories from a pragmatic perspective.This thesis reviews the former research of using pragmatics to analyze the literature works, which shows the validity of using pragmatics to study literature works. Therefore，this thesis mainly research the conversational implicature of the short story of O Henry by cooperative principle and relevance theory. This thesis firstly gives brief introductions of the two main theories, which provides theory support for the whole thesis. This thesis selects ten typical conversations of characters in four short stories of O Henry. By using the two theories above, this thesis gives a detailed analysis on the production of the conversational implicature as well as the features of characters.All in all, this thesiss analysis of the conversational implicature of the chosen stories by the cooperative principle and the relevance theory not only provides a new view to understand the short stories of O Henry, but also broadens the research scopes of the cooperative principle and the relevance theory.Key words: Conversational Implicature O Henrys Short Stories Cooperative Principle Relevance TheoryTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction11.1 Research background11.2 Significance of the research11.3 The thesiss composition2Chapter 2 Literature review32.1 Literature analysis32.2 Reviews of pragmatics theories used in the literature42.2.1 Review of the cooperative principle used in the literature42.2.2 Review of the relevance theory used in the literature4Chapter 3 Pragmatics theories63.1 Cooperative principle63.1.1 Grices cooperative principle63.1.2 The four maxims of cooperative principle73.1.3 Flouting the maxims83.2 Relevance theory93.2.1 The ostensive-inferential communication model93.2.2 The context in the relevance theory103.2.3 Optimal relevance and successful communication11Chapter 4 Analysis of the conversational implicature of O Henrys short stories134.1 Using the cooperative principle to analyze the conversations in O. Henrys short stories134.1.1 Analysis of the conversation in After Twenty Years134.1.2 Analysis of the conversation in Schools and Schools144.1.3 Analysis of the conversation in The Cop and the Anthem164.1.4 Analysis of the conversation in While the Auto Waits174.1.5 Summary184.2 Using the relevance theory to analyze the conversations in O. Henrys short stories184.2.1 The ostension and inference in the conversations194.2.2 Understanding conversations from the contexts214.2.3 Optimal relevance of understanding the conversations244.2.4 Summary274.3 Comparison the use of cooperative principle and relevant theory in literature274.3.1 Using the cooperative principle in literature works284.3.2 Using the relevant theory in literature works284.3.3 Summary29Chapter 5 Conclusion30Bibliography31viChapter 1 IntroductionThis chapter gives a brief introduction of the research background, significancesof the research and