2019-2020同步外研英语必修四新突破讲义：Module 6 Section Ⅱ　Learning about Language Word版含答案.pdf

Section Learning about Language .单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 1If you were attacked(袭击), would you be able to defend yourself? 2There is something mysterious(神秘的) about the childhood of this famous writer. 3I'm rather sceptical(怀疑的) about their so­called sympathy for the poor. 4With no one to turn to in such a frightening(吓人的) situation, she felt very helpless. 5There was not a living creature(生物) to be seen in this abandoned island. 6He dived into the river to cool off. 7It is important to keep calm in an emergency. 8Two thirds of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 9Our school covers an area of 6，000 square meters, almost three times the size of theirs. 10The man walked in the snow and left many footprints behind him. .拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1hair n. 头发，毛发hairy adj. 毛的；多毛的 2 fright n. 害 怕 ； 恐 惧 frighten vt. 使 害 怕 frightened adj. 害 怕 的 frightening adj. 吓人的 3exist vi. 存在existence n. 存在 4sharp adj. 锋利的；尖的sharpen vt. 使锋利 5journal n. 杂志；学报；期刊journalist n. 记者 6volcano n. 火山volcanic adj. 火山的 寻规律、巧记忆 名词后缀­ence表示人的名词后缀­ist existence 存在 preference 偏爱 difference 不同 influence 影响 journalist 记者 scientist 科学家 tourist 游客 receptionist 接待员 .补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语 1get close to接近，靠近 2instead of而不是 3be back in the news再次成为新闻 4dive into the water潜入水中 5on the surface of在的表面 6stick out伸出，突出来 7be sceptical about对怀疑 8jump out of从跳出来 .选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空 1He is back in the news because of the scandal. 2Only when you get close to the flower can you smell its sweet. 3Environmental groups are skeptical about the government's claims. 4He made a face and stuck out his tongue at him. 5Now I can walk to work instead of going by car. 寻规律、巧记忆 “动词out”短语集锦“beadj.about”短语一览 stick out 伸出 die out 灭绝 break out 突然发生，爆发 run out 用完 be sceptical about 对怀疑 be crazy about 迷恋；热衷于 be anxious about 为担心/忧虑 be enthusiastic about 对热心 背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实 1.A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family. 还有一则报道来自李晓和， 当时他 和他的家人正在湖边游玩。 “a/an序数 词” 别紧张。如果你第一次失 败了，你还可以再试一次。 Don't be nervous. You can try a second time if you fail the first time. 2.He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. 他声称看见一个黑黑的、 圆圆的动 物在水中快速游动。 to have done sth. 警方似乎已经找到了他犯 罪的新证据。 The police seem to have found the new evidence of his crime. 3.There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up. 自上世纪初以来， 一直就有关于天 池怪物的报道， 尽管还不曾有人近 距离地目睹过。 there be 句型 的现在完成时 自从上个月以来有一些令 人鼓舞的迹象。 There have been some encouraging signs since last month. attack v. 攻击，进攻 n袭击，侵袭，攻击，(疾病等的)侵害，损害 (教材51)It often gets angry and will attack anyone who goes close to it.它常变得 很生气并会攻击靠近它的人。 (1)attack sb.with sth.用某物攻击某人 be attacked with . 患(病)，得(病) (2)make an attack on/upon 攻击，向进攻 be/come under attack 遭到的攻击/抨击 a heart attack 心脏病突发 The general commanded that the soldiers (should) make an attack on/upon the enemy. 将军命令士兵对敌人发起进攻。 The company came under attack for the firing of 50 employees.这家公司因解 雇 50 名员工而遭到抨击。 The baby is in a poor health，and it is often attacked with a disease.婴儿的身体 状况很差，经常患病。 frightening adj.吓人的 (教材 P51)The Grey Man is a frightening creature that lives in Scotland.灰人是生 活在苏格兰的一种吓人的生物。 (1)frightened adj. 害怕的；受到惊吓的 be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事 be frightened of/at 害怕 (2)frighten v. 使害怕；使惊恐 frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓得某人做/不做某事 frighten away/off吓走/跑 (3)fright n. 恐惧；害怕 with fright 害怕地 News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors. 发生抢劫的消息把许多人吓得装上了新门锁。 He is frightened to go(go) out alone at night. 他害怕晚上一个人出门。 I frightened the bird away/off by moving suddenly. 我突然一动，把鸟吓跑了。 exist vi.存在；生存；生活 (教材P51)Spirit is something that continues to exist after death.灵魂是人死后继续 存在的东西。 (1)exist in 存在于(相当于 lie in) exist on 依靠生存，依靠生活 (2)come into existence 开始存在；产生；成立 in existence 存在的；现存的；现有的 The worker earned little money a month， so he had to exist on only fast noodles.这个工人一个月挣的钱很少，因此他不得不靠方便面度日。 No one knows when such a custom first came into existence.没有人知道这种风 俗是什么时候开始有的。 Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people. 你相信鬼魂的存在吗？或许它们只存在于一些人的想象中。 名师点津 exist 是不及物动词，不用于被动语态，通常不用进行时。 calm adj.平静的；(人/言行)镇静的 vt.使镇定/平静下来 (教材 P52)Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm. 李晓和先生说他和家人都清楚地看见了怪物，因为当时天气好并且湖水平静。 remain/keep/stay calm 保持镇静 calm down 平静下来，镇静下来 In the event of an emergency，please remain calm and walk to the nearest exit. 如果发生紧急事件，请保持镇静并走到最近的出口。 The police found that it was difficult to calm down the angry crowd. 警方发现很难使愤怒的人群平静下来。 明辨异同 calm，quiet，silent，still calm平静的；沉着的。 指风平浪静或人的情绪平静、镇静 quiet宁静的；安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼 silent寂静的；沉默的。指不说话或没有声音 still静止的；不动的。指人或物体静止不动 clam，quiet，silent，still When facing danger，one should keep calm；when taken photos，one should keep still；when someone else is asleep，one should keep quiet；when in class，one shouldn't keep silent about the teacher's questions. unlikely adj.不可能的 (教材 P52)They say that the low­temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.他们说， 水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的 动物。 be unlikely to do.不可能做 It is unlikely that. 不可能 He is unlikely to find the place where he lived forty years ago. 他不可能找到四十年前住的地方了。 You are unlikely to pass(pass) the exam，because you didn't work hard. 你不可能通过考试，因为你不努力。 It is unlikely that she will make the same mistake again. 她不可能再犯同样的错误。 cover vt.占地(多大面积)；行走(多长的路)；覆盖；包含；报道；足以支付 (教 材 P52)It is 2， 189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres. 它海拔 2 189 米，占地约 10 平方公里。 写出下列句中 cover 的含义： Our new school built last year covers an area of about 4，000 square meters. 占地(多大面积) We are instructed to cover 30 miles in one day in the camp. 行走(多长的路) The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand. 覆盖 Lots of reporters were sent to cover the Olympic events. 报道 Do you have enough to cover all your daily expenses？足以支付 The book covers many events that cannot be found in other history books. 包含 cover an area of 占地面积是 be covered with/by 被所覆盖 When I woke up, I found the ground covered(cover) with heavy snow. 当我醒来时，发现地上覆盖了厚厚的积雪。 (教材 P52)He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. 他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。 【要点提炼】 本句中的 to have seen 是不定式的完成式，表示该不定式动作 发生在谓语动词之前。 (1)不定式的完成式表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。 (2)不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时或者几乎同时发生，或 者在它之后发生。 (3)不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生。 The engine just won't start.Something seems to have gone wrong with it. 引擎怎么也发动不起来，似乎出现了什么问题。 I plan to attend (attend) the meeting tomorrow. 我计划要参加明天的会议。 He pretended to be reading (read) a book when I went in.我进去时他假装正在 读书。 (教材 P52)There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century，although no one has seen one close up. 自上世纪初以来，一直就有关于天池怪物的报道，尽管还不曾有人近距离地 目睹过。 【要点提炼】 there be 句型的现在完成时， 强调过去状态对现在造成的影响。 there be 句型可以根据语境需要运用不同的时态。 There is someone at the door to see you.(一般现在时)门口有人找你。 There is going to/will be a meeting this evening.(一般将来时)今晚有个会议。 There was a hospital here three years ago，wasn't there？(一般过去时) 这儿三年前有一家医院，是吗？ There had been many such accidents before you came.(过去完成时) 你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故了。 名师点津 there be 结构中除了可以用 be 外， 还可用 seem， appear， live， stand， come， exist， rise，lie 等不及物动词。 Once upon a time，there lived an old fisherman near the sea. 很久以前，在海边住着一位老渔夫。 1 (教材 P52)The director of a local tourist office， Meng Fanying， said the monster， which seemed to be black in colour，was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. 【分析】本句是主从复合句。主句的主语是 The director of a local tourist office，Meng Fanying 是主语的同位语，谓语动词 said，其后是宾语从句。从句的 主语是 the monster，由 which 引导的定语从句修饰。从句谓语部分是 was ten metres from the edge of the lake，during the most recent sighting 是时间状语。 【翻译】据当地的旅游办公室主任孟凡迎说，最近有人看见怪物就在离湖边 十米的地方，它的颜色似乎是黑色的。 2 (教材P52)Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature， Xue Junlin，a local photographer，claimed that its head looked like a horse. 【分析】本句是主从复合句。Although 引导让步状语从句，主句的主语是 Xue Junlin，a local photographer 是主语的同位语。claimed 是主句谓语动词，that 引 导的从句作 claimed 的宾语。 【翻译】尽管没有人看清楚过这个怪物，但当地的一位摄影师薛俊林声称它 的头看起来像马头。 .单句语法填空 1It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence (exist) 2It was a very frightening(frighten) experience and they were very courageous. 3Before you start，it seems that the task is unlikely (likely) to be accomplished. 4Many people made an attack on/upon the government's policies. 5He pretended to be sleeping (sleep) when I came in. 6“The match between the two teams was exciting， ” said Federer， “and we hope to see a second.” 7It was difficult to calm down the football fans. 8In the past few years there have been (be) great changes in my hometown. 9The mountain is covered(cover) with snow all the year round. 10There are many mysterious(mystery) stories about the Egyptian pyramids. .单句改错 1Trade connections were existed between the two countries before the war.去掉 were 2 The animal will defend itself when attacking by making a strange noise. attackingattacked 3 First impressions are the most lasting.After all， you never get the second chance to make the first impression.第二个 thea 4There used to have a temple on the hill.have be 5At last the tourists managed to escape from the dangerous place, hungry and frightening. frighteningfrightened .完成句子 1泰山占地 426 平方千米，是五岳之首。 Mount Tai, which covers an area of 426 square kilometers, is the first of China's Five Mountains. 2他们未必会来，因为天气这么糟糕。 They are unlikely to come since the weather is so bad. 3为了能出去玩，他假装已经完成了作业。 He pretended to have finished his homework in order to go out to play. 4为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学习一门外语。 In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second language 5政府由于在反恐方面没有做出足够的努力而受到攻击。 The government has come under attack for not doing enough to deal with terrorism.