2019-2020英语选修八讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅱ　Language Points （Ⅰ） （Welcome to the unit &amp Reading） 含答案.pdf

Section Language Points () (Welcome to the unit & Reading) .单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 1It was his brother who committed (犯罪) the murder. 2Television is a very efficient medium (媒介，传媒) for spreading information. 3Cooperstown，New York，is said to be the birthplace (发源地) of baseball. 4This is the most impressive architecture (建筑) I've seen on this trip. 5Have you finished calculating (计算) yet? 6The pond full of various kinds of fish will be available to visitors tomorrow morning. 7You'd better fill up the tank with oil，or you might use up the fuel halfway. 8Lucy has an acute eye for fashion，which makes her a very good shopping companion. 9The large drop in industrial output this year came as a big shock to the local government. 10Some people say beauty itself is abstractDo you agree? .拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1Spain n西班牙Spanish adj.& n西班牙人(的)；西班牙语(的) 2architect n建筑师architecture n建筑；建筑学 3calculate vt.& vi.计算；推测calculation n计算；推算calculator n计 算器 4star n星星starry adj.布满星星的；像星星的，明亮的 5commit vt.& vi.犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证；全心全意投入commitment n承诺；献身 寻规律、巧记忆 n.­yadj.v.­mentn. cloudy adj.多云的，阴天的 dirty adj.脏的 dusty adj.尘土般的，尘土多的 achievement n完成，成绩 advertisement n广告 adjustment n整理，调整 .补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语 1be famous for因而著名 2more than超过，多于；非常，很，不仅仅是 3be off to动身去 4put on上演；穿上 5range from.to从到变化 6upwards of在以上，大于，超过 7experiment with拿/用做试/实验 8act as充当，担当 9take on招收；呈现；承担；雇用 10be typical of是典型的 .选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空 1The losses estimated to reach upwards of 30，000 yuan. 2We sell various kinds of shoes，with their prices ranging from 120 yuan to 450 yuan. 3 The children will be off to Nanjing to take part in the poetry competition tomorrow. 4Shandong province is famous for its abundant agricultural resources. 5He put on his hat and went out of the office without a word. 6They experimented with new methods of teaching and succeeded. 寻规律、巧记忆 v.on动词短语v.with动词短语 carry on 继续开展，坚持下去 catch on 理解，明白，变得流行 feed on 以为食物(能源) go with 与持同一看法；伴随 meet with (偶尔)遇见；碰到 agree with 与相一致；适合 背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实 1.As you know，I am with my aunt and grandmother. 正如你所知道的，我是跟我姑 妈和奶奶一起来的。 as 引导的非限 制性定语从句。 As we all know，there will be a speech competition on environment protection soon. 我们都知道，很快将进行一 场有关环保问题的演讲比 赛。 2.By popular consensus，this is the most valuable painting in the worldit is impossible to calculate what price it would fetch if it ever came on the market. 举世公认，这幅画是世界上最 珍贵的油画作品如果这 幅画在市场上出售，很难估算 它的价值。 “it isadj.to do sth.”句式。 No matter how fast you run，it is impossible for you to catch up with him. 无论你跑得多快，你都不可 能赶上他。 abstract adj.抽象的；难解的；理论上的 n摘要，概要 (教材 P33)Abstract art is about shapes and colours rather than objects. 抽象派艺术是关于形状和色彩而不是物体的艺术。 (1)in the abstract抽象地；理论上 make an abstract of把的要点摘录下来 (2)abstractly adv.抽象地；理论上 (3)concrete adj.具体的 There is no answer to this question in the abstract. 这个问题在理论上没有答案。 John made an abstract of Mr.Wang's lecture. 约翰把王老师的讲座做了摘要。 Children do not think abstractly(abstract) as adults do. 儿童不如成人想的那么抽象复杂。 calculate vt.& vi.计算；推测；计划，打算；旨在 (教材 P34).it is impossible to calculate what price it would fetch if it ever came on the market. 如果这幅画在市场上出售，很难估算它的价值。 (1)be calculated to do sth.打算或计划做某事 calculate on (doing) sth.指望或依靠做某事 It is calculated that.据估算 (2)calculation n.计算，推算 calculator n.计算器 We calculate on having fine weather for the sports meeting. 我们指望开运动会时有一个好天气。 It is calculated that the number of students who are studying in middle schools is decreasing. 据估算在中学就读的学生数量在逐渐减少。 This advertisement is calculated to attract (attract) the attention of housewives. 这个广告旨在吸引家庭主妇们的注意力。 Where did I go wrong in my calculation (calculate)? 我在计算中什么地方出了差错？ range vi.(在范围内)变化；变动；排列；涉及n.种类；范 围；一系列；山脉 (教材 P34)Besides the works of da Vinci， the Louvre Museum has more than 6， 000 other European paintings，ranging from the 13th century to the 19th century. 除了达·芬奇的作品，卢浮宫还藏有六千余件其他欧洲画家的画作，时间跨度 从 13 世纪到 19 世纪。 写出下列句中 range 的词性和含义 The children's ages range from 8 to 15. vi.(在范围内)变化；变动 The students who major in architecture are from a wide range of backgrounds.n.种类；一系列 Our conversation ranged over many subjects.vi.涉及 (1)range from.to.从到之间变化 range between.and.在之间变化 (2)in/within range在可及的范围/射程内 out of range在范围外 a wide range of各种各样的，范围广泛的 The child was out of her range of vision. 那个孩子已经走出了她的视线。 The soldiers waited until the enemy was in/within range. 战士们一直等到敌人进入射程。 eager adj.热切的；渴望的；热心的 (教材 P34)We went there on our second day in Paris because my aunt was eager to see the works of Claude Monet.第二天我们去了巴黎，因为我姑妈想去看看克劳 德·莫奈的作品。 (1)be eager for sth.渴望得到 be eager (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事 (2)eagerly adv.热切地，渴望地 (3)eagerness n.热切；渴望 The poor girl is eager for knowledge. 这个贫穷的小女孩渴求知识。 He was eager to match(match) his knowledge against mine. 他很想和我比比，看谁的知识更丰富。 Each week I eagerly (eager) counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there. 每周，我都热切地数着通过到处做额外工作而逐渐增长的储蓄。 shadow n阴影，影子；阴暗处 (教 材 P35)With Impressionism， the painter abandons the idea of representing things exactly as they look in a photograph，but seeks to show movement and the feelings of the moment，through the use of colours，light and shadows. 在印象派时期，画家摒弃了把事物展示的就跟照片上一样的想法，想通过颜 色、光线以及阴影的应用来展示物体的活动以及动感。 cast a shadow on/over给投下阴影 under the shadow of 在的阴影下 in shadow 在阴暗处 These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear. 这些人多年来一直生活在恐惧的阴影中。 His father's sudden death in the accident cast a shadow on him. 他父亲在事故中突然死亡给他的心灵蒙上了一层阴影。 He turned away from her，his face in shadow. 他扭过头去背着她，脸在暗处。 图形助记 shadow“阴影，影子”，指因挡住光线而形成的阴影，指的是一个平面。而 shade“荫，背阴处”，指任何遮住阳光的地方，指的是一个立体空间。 (教材 P35)Unfortunately，although van Gogh committed his whole being to painting，he received little reward for his effort. 遗憾的是，尽管凡·高全身心地投入绘画，他所得到的回报却微乎其微。 (1)commit vt.& vi.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证 (1)commit a(n) mistake/error/crime 犯错误/犯罪 commit oneself to (doing) sth.be committed to (doing) sth. 全身心做某事；承诺/保证做某事 (2)commitment n. 托付，委任；承诺，保证；投入，花费 make a commitment to sb. 对某人做出承诺 If you actually did commit a crime，you would be punished.如果你真的犯了 罪，就会受到惩罚。 From then on，I committed myself to losing (lose) weight and getting into shape. 从那以后，我决心减肥，恢复正常体形。 I felt I did not have to make such a commitment (commit) to you. 我觉得我没有必要对你做出这样的承诺。 (2)reward n回报，报酬，奖励 vt.奖励，给以报酬 (1)in reward (for)作为(对的)报答或奖赏 as a reward for作为的报酬/奖赏 (2)reward sb.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而报答某人 reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏某人 As a reward for/ In reward for her passing the test，her parents bought her a new bike. 作为对她考试及格的奖赏，父母给她买了一辆新自行车。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded(reward) with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 She was rewarded for her efforts with a bonus. 她因为自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。 be off to.动身去，以开始 (教材 P35)Tomorrow we are off to another museum in Amsterdam. 明天我们将动身去另一个在阿姆斯特丹的博物馆。 go off离开 start off出发，动身 take off起飞 leave off停止 set off/out出发，动身，启程 She had to go off to Guangzhou at that time. 那时她不得不离开去广州。 The next day he was off to Beijing where he hoped to find a job.The next day he left for Beijing where he hoped to find a job. 第二天他动身去北京，希望在那里找一份工作。 The professor set off for Shanghai this morning. 教授今天上午动身去上海了。 名师点津 表示“动身去”的短语还有 ： leave for，go off to，set out for，set off for，take one's departure for。 (教材 P34)As you know，I am with my aunt and grandmother.正如你所知道 的，我是跟我姑妈和奶奶一起来的。 【要点提炼】 as you know 是非限制性定语从句，意为“正如你所知道的”。 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句位置很灵活， 可放在句首、 句中也可以放在句末 ； as 在定语从句中是关系代词，作主语、表语或宾语，含有“正如”之意。 (2)as 引导限制性定语从句时，常用于 the same as，such.as 等搭配中。 (3)which 也可以代替整个主句内容， 引导非限制性定语从句， 但不可放在句首， 其含义也不同，表示“这是”。 As we all expected，the plan turned out to be very successful. 正如我们所期望的，计划进行的很成功。 Jeremy Lin is such an excellent basketball player as many fans are crazy about. 林书豪是一名如此棒的篮球运动员，以至于许多球迷都为他着迷。 As is known to us all， China has developed rapidly in the past few years.众所周 知，中国近几年发展迅速。 He had been admitted to Peking University，which made us all surprised. 他被北京大学录取了，这让我们所有人都感到很意外。 1(教材 P34)My grandmother really likes Picasso's paintings and thinks he is the greatest artist ever， so we started in Spain and went to the city of Malaga， the birthplace of Picasso. 【分析】 句中 so 连接表示因果关系的并列分句，第一个分句中 he is the greatest artist ever 为省略了 that 的宾语从句，第二个分句中 the birthplace of Picasso 为 Málaga 的同位语。 【翻译】 我奶奶非常喜欢毕加索的作品，认为他是有史以来最伟大的艺术 家，所以我们从西班牙出发，去了毕加索的出生地马拉加市。 2(教材 P34)By popular consensus，this is the most valuable painting in the worldit is impossible to calculate what price it would fetch if it ever came on the market. 【分析】 句中 it 作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语 to calculate what price it would fetch，其中名词性从句 what price it would fetch 作动词 calculate 的宾 语；if it ever came on the market 为条件状语从句。 【翻译】 举世公认，这幅画是世界上最珍贵的油画作品如果这幅画在 市场上出售，很难估算它的价值。 .单句语法填空 1 The school last week rewarded(reward) him with a prize for his excellent studies. 2It's important to know (know) your own limitations. 3Committed (commit) to providing better services，the company will provide net users with all the information they need. 4Such food as they gave us was hardly fit to eat. 5 His movie won several awards at the film festival， which was beyond his wildest dream. 6He is absorbed in the calculation (calculate) of that difficult maths problem. 7It was hot，and we decided to walk in the shadow of the wall. 8We are off to a new city for a holiday next month. 9This factory produced much dirty water，which resulted in a wide range of environmental problems. 10He is known(know) to the police for his previous criminal record. .单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 1The seafood ranges in price from $10 and $100. andto 2 We're calculated to inviting the famous band to perform at the opening ceremony.invitinginvite 3Which is known to all，he is the best student in our class. WhichAs 4He said he would come，he didn't，although.althoughthough 5In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards of to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.去掉 of .完成句子 1在短时间内学好一门外语是不可能的。 It is impossible to learn a foreign language in a short time. 2他因守时而出名，因此我们不知道这次他迟到的原因。 He is famous for his being on time，so we don't know the reason for his being late this time. 3正如所预料的，他考试又没及格。 As had been expected，he failed the exam again. 4你不应该永远指望家人来养活。 You should not calculate on your family to support you for ever. 5建筑方许诺会按时完成任务。 The builder committed/made a commitment that he would finish the task on time.