八年级英语下册Unit1What’sthematter短语语法知识点汇总新版人教新目标版【word版】.doc.pdf

1 Unit 1 Whats the matter 一、必背短语 Section A 部分 1.患感冒have a cold 2.胃痛have a stomachache 3.喉咙痛 have a sore throat 4.背痛 have a sore back 5.躺下休息lie down and rest 6.量体温take one s temperature 7.说得太多 talk too much 8.休息 take breaks/a break 9.下车get off 10.拍 X 光片get an X-ray 11.看见某人正在做 see sb. doing 12.反复考虑 think twice 13. 期待某 人去 做 某 事 expect sb. to do 14.使惊讶的to one s surprise 15.同意做某事agree to do sth. 16.及时in time 17.多亏，由于 thanks to 18.陷入困境；惹麻烦 get into trouble Section B 部分 1.休息几天rest for a few days 2.把放下；低下put down 3.告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do 4.告诉某人不要去做tell sb. not to do 5.做某事有问题 /麻烦/困难 have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth 6.对感兴趣be interested in 7.习惯于做某事be used to doing sth 8.过去常常做某事used to do sth 9.冒险take risks/a risk 10.由于/ 因为 +n./pron. because of 11.处于险境 in a dangerous situation 12.处于困境 in a difficult situation 13.用尽，耗光 run out (of) 14.准备/乐于做某事 be ready to do 15.切除 cut off 16.如此以至于 sothat 17.以便于；为了so that/in order that 2 18.离开；从 出来 get out of 19.做决定 make decisions/a decision 20.掌控，管理be in control of 21. 的重要性the importance of 22.放弃 give up 23.用绷带包扎 put a bandage on 24.继续做某事keep on doing 25.似乎/好像做某事seem to do 【教材内容解析】 Section A 1. Whats the matter ? (P. 1) Whats the matter意为“ 怎么了？出什么事了？ ” ，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有 什么不顺心的事，后接with sb./sth. 表示“ 某人/某物怎么了 ” 。可以表示 “ 你怎么了？ ” 的 句子有： (1). _ (2). _ (3)._ (4). _ (5). _ (6). _ 2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1) stomachache 用作名词，表示 “ 胃疼、腹疼 ” ，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache 的常见 复合词还有： 头痛 _ ；牙痛 _ ；耳痛 _ 3. have a sore throat (P. 1) sore 是形容词，意为 “ 疼痛的，酸痛的 ” 可作定语或表语。常见短语： 喉咙痛： _ 后背痛： _ 4. lie down and rest . (P. 2) (1). lie down 意为“ 躺下” 。 【拓展 1】lie 用作动词可以表示“ 躺” 或者 “ 位于” ，还可以表示“ 撒谎” 。 She is lying in bed with a bad cold. 英译汉 _ 3 Beijing lies in the north of China. 英译汉 _ It is a bad habit to lie. 英译汉 _ 【拓展 2】lie 及 lay 一词多义 原形过去式过去分词现在分词 lie（躺、位于）lay lain lying lie（撒谎） lied lied lying lay（放置、下蛋） laid（laid laying 记忆口诀：规则撒谎，不规则躺；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。 (2). rest 此处用作动词，表示 “ 休息” ，rest 也可以用作名词，表示 “ 休息” ，常用的短语为 “ 休息” ：_. 例句：Lets stop working and have a rest. 5. Maybe you have a fever.(P. 2) maybe 作副词，表示 “ 可能、也许 ” ，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps ，可以与 may be 相互转换。 Maybe he is a foreigner. =He may be a foreigner. 6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2) need 作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词 原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式（to do）作宾语。 You need nt go to the meeting too early. 判断划线词性（）A.情态动词； B.实义 动词 We need three more workers. 判断划线词性（）A.情态动词； B.实义动词 He doesn t need to worry too much. 判断划线词性（）A.情态动词； B.实义动词 7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P . without 用作介词，表示 “ 无、没有 ” ，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。 They left _ (with) saying goodbye. （用所给词的正确形式填空） We cant live _(with) air and water. （用所给词的正确形式填空） 8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2) 本句是含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，可遵循三条原则： 4 (1).主将从现：即主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。 (2).主祈从现：即主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时态。 (3).主情从现：即主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时态。 翻译句子：如果明天下雨，我将不会去公园。 _ 翻译句子：如果明天不下雨，我们会去野餐。 _ 翻译句子：如果你不擅长英语，你可以向老师寻求帮助。 _ 9. .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3) (1). see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。 翻译： I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday. (2). see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。 翻译： I often see her dance in the park. 10. The bus driver.stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3) (1). think twice 意为“ 再三考虑、权衡利弊 ” 。 翻译： You should think twice before you make the final decision. 【拓展】 think 的相关短语 think about 思考、考虑；think of 想起、认为； think over 仔细考虑 11. He got off and asked the woman what happened . (P. 3) (1). get off 意为“ 下车” ，反义词是 get on “上车” 。 翻译： Before getting off the bus, you should take care. (2). happen 表示“ 发生” 的时候，作不及物动词， 常用的结构为： sth. happens to sb.“某 人发生了某事 ” 。 翻译： An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital. 12. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3) have to 表示“ 必须、不得不 ” ，强调客观上的必须， must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必 须。 翻译：We have to walk home because the car has broken down. 5 翻译：We must study hard. 13. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P . 3) (1) expect 的常见用法： expect to do sth. 期待做某事 翻译：The fans are expecting to see the football star. expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 翻译：The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully. (2) wait 的常见用法： wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事 ” 翻译：We are waiting for the result of the exam. wait to do sth.“等待做某事 ” 翻译：All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事 ” 翻译：The children cant wait to rush out after the class is over. 14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3) agree with sb. 同意某人 翻译：I can t agree with you more. agree to sth. 同意某事 翻译：Do you agree to the plan? agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见 翻译：They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 翻译：Her parents dont agree to marry ( 嫁) their daughter to the man. 15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time . (P. 3) (1). thanks to 表示“ 多亏、由于” ，后接名词或代词， 作原因状语， 相当于 because of 。 翻译： Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here. (2).in time “及时” 强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到。 6 翻译： I am just in time for the plane. 【拓展】 on time “按时” 指按计划做某事，强调不迟到，不早不晚。 翻译： Please hand in your homework on time. 16. “ It s sad thatmany people dont want to help othersbecause they dont want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3) (1) 本句是 “It is +形容词 +that 从句” ，句中的 it 作形式主语，代替真正的主语that 从句。 翻译：It is important that we should protect the environment. (2) other: 意为“ 别的、其它的 ” ，常用来修饰可数名词。 the other: 表示“ 两者中另一个 ” ，是特指； the other 之后也可以加复数名词，特指“ 其它的 ” 。 another: 表示“ 三者中另一个 ” 。 others: 用作代词，泛指 “ 其他的人或物 ” 是复数概念。 the others: 特指在一个整体中的 “ 其余的人或物（全部） ” 。 翻译： We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects. 翻译： There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys. 翻译： You should think of others. 翻译： There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys. 17. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3) hit 表示“ 撞击、打击 ” ，表示“ 打某人某个部位 ” 时用“hit sb.+ 介词（on, in）+the+身体部 位” ，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用 in。 翻译：The man hit the little boy in the face. 18. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away . (P. 3) right away 意为“ 立刻、马上 ” ，相当于 at once 或者 right now 。 Section B 1. Someone felt sick . (P. 5) sick 用作形容词，意为 “ 生病的、有病的 ” ，可以作定语或者表语，而ill 表示“ 生病的 ” ， 只能用作表语。 7 I have to look after my sick grandpa. 问：sick 在此处作 _ 语。 The old woman is seriously sick/ill. 问：ill 在此处作 _ 语。 2. have problems breathing (P. 6) have problems (in) doing sth. 意为“ 做某事有问题 /麻烦” ，相当于： have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。 翻译： She has problems (in) riding a bike. _ 3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used totaking risks. (P. 6) (1). as 用作介词，表示 “ 作为、身为 ” 。 As a student, you should study hard. (2). 辨析： used to do sth ；be used to do sth ；与 be /get used to doing sth used to do sth. 过去常常做某事记忆口诀： used to do 常常过； be used to do 被用 做； be used to doing 习惯 做 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 翻译：The boy used to play computer games. _ 翻译：More and more wood （木材）is used to make paper. _ 翻译：His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. _ (3) risk 表示“ 冒险时 ” ，既可以作名词， 也可以作动词， 作名词常和动词take 连用，take a risk“冒险” ；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。 The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building. 翻译： _ 4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. 8 (P. 6) because of 意为“ 因为，由于 ” ，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because 引导的原因状语 从句连用，不过 because 后面跟句子。 翻译：We cant go out because it rains heavily.=We cant go out because of the heavy rain. _ 例题：Did you have a sports meeting yesterday? No, we didnt. It was put off _ the heavy rain. A. Instead of B. because of C. as for D. across from 5. But when his water ran out , he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. (P. 6) (1) run out 意为“ 用尽、用完 ” ，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。 翻译：They ran out of their money. _ (2) 动词不定式短语 to save his own life在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状 语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。 翻译：To learn Japanese, she went to Japan. _ 翻译：You should work hard to get good grades. _ 6. He was not ready to die that day. (P. 6) be/get ready for sth.“为做准备 ” The students are reviewing (复习) lessons to get ready for the coming final exams. 翻译： _ be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事” The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble. 翻译： _ 9 7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. (P . 6) (1) so that 引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与in order that互换， 从句经常会出现表示 “ 能够的情态动词 ” ，如 can, could, may, might, will, would等。 翻译：We started early so that we could catch the first train. _ 翻译：He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future. _ 翻译：We used the computer in order that we might save time. _ (2) too much 用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too 用来修饰形容词或者副词。 翻译：There is too much pollution today. _ 翻译：The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat. _ 8. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. (P. 6) called 此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“ 被称为、被叫作 ” ，与 named 同义。 翻译： This is a book named/called Journey to the West . _ 翻译： The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate. _ 9. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. (P . 6) seem 用作系动词，表示 “ 似乎、好像 ” ，常用的结构有： seem+adj./to be/that+句子。 10 翻译：The story seems true. _ 翻译：What he said seemed to be a lie. _ 翻译：It seems that they are going to work all weekend. _ 10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance ofmaking good decisions, and of being in control of ones life. (P . 6) (1) make a decision或者 make decisions 表示“ 做出决定 ” 。 翻译：他们期待你来做出决定。 _ (2) in control of 意为“ 控制、管理 ” 。 翻译：Who is in control of the project (项目)? _ (3). the importance of sth/doing sth. （做）某事的重要性 翻译：Most students dont know the importance of studying hard. _ 11. His love for mountain climbing is sogreat thathe kept onclimbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6) (1) 在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词） + that + 从句” 。 翻译：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. _ 翻译：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. _ 翻译：Grandmother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. _ (2). keep on doing sth. 意为“ 继续做某事 ” ，强调继续或者重复做某事。 例句：You shouldn t ke ep on thinking about it. 12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks. (P. 7) mind doing sth. 介意做某事 11 翻译：Would you mind opening the window please? _ mind sb s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事 翻译：Do you mind my/me calling you at night? _ 13. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P . 7) give up 表示“ 放弃” ，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。 翻译： Don't give up your dream easily. _ 翻译： He has given up playing computer games. _ 【语法讲解】 （一） should和 shouldn't表示建议 1Should 为情态动词，意为 “ 应该；应当 ” ，否定式为 shouldn t，其后接动词原形，无 人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 翻译：你应该喝加有蜂蜜的热水。_ 翻译：He should put his head back _ 翻译： 你不应该看电视。_ 2Should 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 翻译：我应当给它敷上药吗？ _ 翻译： 我们应该告诉她这件事吗？_ 【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有： Would you like (to do) sth？你想要愿意（做）某事吗？ 翻译： 你想要和我一起打篮球吗？_ Shall I/we do sth ? 我我们做 ,好吗？ 翻译：明天我们去动物园， 好吗？ _ 12 Why not do sth ? 为什么不呢？ 翻译： 为什么不给她量下体温呢？_ How/What about doing sth ? 做某事怎么样？ 翻译： 去游泳怎么样？ _ Lets do sth 让我们做吧。 翻译：咱们回家吧。_ You d better (not) do sth 你最好（不）要做某事。 翻译：你最好不要独自去那儿。_ （二）反身代词 1反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语， 此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一 个人或物。 (1). We must look after ourselves and keep fit 我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。 (2). She often buys herself nice clothes 她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。 (3). Dont think too much of yourself! 别过多地为自己考虑 ! 2反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气， 表示“ 亲自、本人、 本身” 等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如： (1). I dont need any helpI can do it myself 我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的 同位语 )这句话不可表示成 I don t need any help ，myself can do it (2). If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself 如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语 ) 3反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如： (1). The little boy in the photo was himself 照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。 反身代词构成的固定表达： 4. by oneself 意为“ 独自，凭自己 ” ，相当于 alone； 13 enjoy oneself 意为“ 玩得高兴，过得愉快 ” ，相当于 have fun 或 have a good time ； help oneself to意为“ 随便吃或喝点 ，随便用 “； keepto oneself 意为“ 不将某事说出去 ” ； say to oneself 意为“ 自言自语 ” 。 （三） have 表示“ 患病、遭受（病痛） ” (1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达： Whats the matter (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats the