上海市宝山区2019届高三英语二模试题(含解析).pdf

上海市宝山区 2019 届高三英语二模试题（含解析） . Grammar and Vocabulary Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers _1_ tons of questions. People keep reading or watching _2_ they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits. Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question. Many of history greatest discoveries _3_（make）by curious people. People wondered _4_ processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology _5_（help ）them. Even if you dont plan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you ll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if youre no longer a student, curiosity will make you better _6_（inform ） and thus a more capable worker. What do you do if youre not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like youre curious, youll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the _7_ （interesting）it becomes. As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don t always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions _8_ they express. Ask a lot of questions, Remember, everyone knows _9_ that you dont. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge. In the classroom or out of it, _10_（develop ）curiosity is sure to be worthwhile. 【答案】 1. to 2. because 3. were made 4. how 5. to help 6. informed 7. more interesting 8. that/which 9. something 10. developing 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好奇心的作用以及如何培养好奇心。 【1 题详解】 考查介词。句意：孩子们以想要得到无数问题的答案而闻名。名词answer 和介词to 搭配， 表示“的答案”，是固定搭配。故该空填to 。 【2 题详解】 考查连词。因为人们想弄清楚发生了什么事，所以他们不断地读书或看电视。该空引导原因 状语从句，故填连词because。 【3 题详解】 考查语态，时态和主谓一致。该空在句中作谓语，根据make discoveries结构，主语 discoveries和 make 之间是被动关系，故该句应用被动语态。根据下句中的“wondered”可 知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应该用一般过去时态。主语为复数discoveries，根据 主谓一致原则，该空应填were made。 【4 题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：人们想知道过程是如何起作用的，或者某些任务是如何更有效地完 成的。该空引导wonder 的宾语从句，且根据句意，该空表示“如何”，故应用how引导该从 句，故填how。 【5 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他们的好奇心，人们现在对这个世界了解得更多了，并且有了 有用的技术来分析他们。_5_（help ）them 作定语， 修饰 useful technology. have sth. 后面常接动词不定式作定语，故填to help。 【6 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。即使你不再是一名学生，好奇心也会让你更好地了解情况，从而成为一名 更有能力的工作人员。该题考查make+ 宾语 +宾语补足语结构，inform意为“通知，告知”， 宾语 you 和 inform之间是被动关系，故该空应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填informed 。 informed还可以看作是形容词，意为“了解情况的”。 【7 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。该题考查“the + 比较级， the+ 比较级”结构，该空作系动词become 的 表语，故应用形容词的比较级，故填more interesting。 【8 题详解】 考查定语从句。“ _ they express”是定语从句，修饰the different opinions，引导 词在从句中作express的宾语，指物，故应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填 which/that。 【9 题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：记住，每个人都知道一些你不知道的东西。该空作know的宾语，且表 示“某些东西”，故应填不定代词something 。 【10 题详解】 考查动名词。“ _ curiosity”是主语，作主语，一般用动名词，故填developing。 Section B Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. When was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long youve been using _11_ like a cellphone. While some generations can recall the days of memorizing phone numbers, its possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single _12_. Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and convenient ways for storing and _13_ information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isnt without consequence. As digital devices develop, more and more users heavy reliance on them may be having disabling effects.“Digital dementia（失智）” is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects. Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement and optimal brain performance, are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik describes digital dementia like this:“we re _14_ our brains to our smart devices. Were so reliant on our smartphones that our smartphones are making us stupid. As medical studies chart the decline in memory and cognitive skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms _15_ with dementia.” The seriousness of overuse becomes _16_ when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Author and speaker Simon Sinek points out that young minds“Are not ready for it! Their minds cannot cope with the dopamine（多巴 胺）. ”Consequently, the overstimulation of screens and sounds lead to _17_ more often than not. So now parents, teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx（汇集） of young people with this kind of addiction. First, monitor your cellphone use. Keep downloading applications like Forest or Checky. Then cut back on any _18_ usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone. Determine _19_ areas for cellphone use. For example, while youre at home, only allow yourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isnt _20_ filled with staring at your screen. 【答案】 11. D 12. F 13. A 14. K 15. I 16. C 17. H 18. B 19. E 20. J 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。现代人过度地依赖手机，这种做法会产生一些坏的影响，例如：失智。文 章对这种影响的背后原因进行了分析，并且提出了一些建议，帮助人们克服手机上瘾这种现 象。 【11 题详解】 句意：这可能取决于你使用了多长时间 的 科技，比如手机。后面的like a cellphone是对该 空的一个举例，根据常识知道，a cellphone属于科技，故D选项正确。 【12 题详解】 句意：虽然有几代人可以回忆起记电话号码的日子，但z 代的成员可能从来没有特别去记一 个电话号码。根据句意，该空应填particularly，意为“尤其地，特别地”，故选F。 【13 题详解】 句意：因为智能手机提供了快速方便的存储和评估信息的方法。该空和storing并列，结合 句意，应填assessing ，assess 意为“评估”。故A选项正确。 【14 题详解】 句意：我们正在为我们的智能设备贡献我们的大脑。结合句意，该空应填contributing， contribute意为“贡献”，故选K。 【15 题详解】 句意：当医学研究显示智能手机使用者的记忆力和认知能力下降时，与痴呆症相关的症状之 间就产生了某种联系。be associated with意为“与相关”，该空作symptoms 的定语， 故填 associated，I 选项正确。 【16 题详解】 句意：当你考虑到智能手机用户是多么年轻的时候，过度使用的严重性就变得显而易见了。 根据句意，该空应填apparent ，意为“明显的”，故C选项正确。 【17 题详解】 句意：因此，屏幕和声音的过度刺激往往导致成瘾。根据句意， 该空应填addiction，意为“上 瘾，成瘾”，H选项正确。 【18 题详解】 句意：削减没有必要的使用。根据该段标题“monitor your cellphone use”可知，该处应 该指减少手机的使用，故应填nonessential，意为“没有必要的”，B选项正确。 【19 题详解】 句意：确定指定区域使用手机。根据后面的for example somewhere like a home office 可知，作者建议要在特定区域使用手机。故填assigned ，意为“分配的，指定的”。E 选项 正确。 【20 题详解】 句意：用这种方式，盯着屏幕这种做法就不会自动地填满两项任务之间的时间。即：你不会 在两项任务之间自动地去看手机。故该空应填automatically，意为“自动地，无意识地”。 J 选项正确。 . Reading Comprehension Section A Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Serendipity - an unexpected delight is the word that comes to mind when describing the seven-day hike my wife and I recently did in the wild and undeveloped northwest coast of Galicia, Spain. Simply _21_, anyone who is adventurous, loves traveling to Europe and is fit enough to do 10-mile hikes should seriously consider doing this hike. Before this experience, I had never heard about On Foot Holidays programs that allow hikers to go at their own pace, with maps and detailed hiking _22_, but without a guide or other travelers, while still enjoying a high level of local support. What _23_ caught my attention was an announcement about On Foot Holidays newest hike, the Lighthouse Way, which they described as a journey along“the last _24_ coast of Europe.”This particular hike sounded both challenging and rewarding enough to _25_ a try. On Foot Holidays booked our lodging each night and _26_ a taxi to take our baggage to the next destination, so we just had to carry our daypack essentials. Each day we _27_ or spoke with the companys local expert who was available _28_ emergency, but whose main function was to keep us informed about the daily weather forecast and to make special taxi arrangements when we decided to _29_ a couple of 14-mile hikes to less than 10 miles. The _30_ of the trails and scenery made every hike a delight. One of our hikes followed a narrow trail along a steep, rocky cliff _31_ the steel-blue waters of the Atlantic Ocean that thrash against jagged rocks hundreds of feet below us. We stopped to picnic and watch the only living things we saw that whole day: a herd of goats above us, and a group of dolphins jumping in the waves below. In the distance, many of mountain peaks _32_ sparkling wind turbines（涡轮机） like candles on a cake. Silence and loneliness were the features of each days accommodation. The only sounds we heard were birds singing, the wind blowing through trees or the waves breaking against the shoreline. The air was clean and the temperature brisk, with frequent _33_ of cloudy, cool, windy and rainy weather interspersed（点缀） with glorious bursts of sunshine. There was remarkably little litter, the exception being spots along the shore where ocean currents _34_ mostly fishing items. My wife and I realized that we are pilgrims searching for meaning, awareness and joy on our journey through life, and our Galician hiking _35_ had moved us further down that path in ways we wont forget. 21. A. lost B. moved C. urged D. put 22. A. strings B. instructions C. devices D. materials 23. A. initially B. gradually C. smoothly D. firmly 24. A. recommended B. developed C. unspoiled D. discovered 25. A. warrant B. provide C. imagine D. evaluate 26. A. prepared for B. arranged for C. paid for D. turned to 27. A. negotiated B. discussed C. contacted D. texted 28. A. in addition to B. in need of C. in case of D. in favour of 29. A. shorten B. extend C. decrease D. expand 30. A. appearance B. variety C. character D. route 31. A. displaying B. reflecting C. following D. overlooking 32. A. established B. lightened C. sported D. structured 33. A. changes B. intervals C. adaptions D. interactions 34. A. stretched B. withdrawn C. floated D. deposited 35. A. experience B. technique C. investigation D. experiment 【答案】 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者和妻子参加On Foot Holidays举行的最新的徒步旅行活动： the Lighthouse Way。作者在文中叙述了这次徒步旅行活动的所见所闻和感受。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。lose 失去； move感动，打动； urge 敦促，力劝；put 放。仅仅是被（这 个活动）打动，任何一个喜欢冒险，想要到欧洲旅行，足够健康可以进行10 英里的徒步旅行 的人都应该认真考虑去进行这次徒步旅行活动。B选项正确。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。string绳，线； instruction指示，命令； device 装置，设备； material 材料。该空和maps并列，且前面有detailed（详细的）修饰。该空和“地图”都是对徒步旅 行有帮助的东西，故 B选项切题。 instructions意为“用法说明，指南”。 On Foot Holidays 允许远足者以自己的速度前进，可以带着地图和详细的徒步旅行指南，但是没有导游和其他 游客陪同。 B选项正确。 【23 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。initially最初地； gradually逐渐地； smoothly顺利地； firmly坚定 地。最初吸引作者注意力的是关于On Foot Holidays最新的徒步旅行活动“ the Lighthouse Way ”的一个通知。A选项正确。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。recommended 被推荐的； developed发达的； unspoiled （地方）未经 开发的，有自然美的；discovered被发现的。“ the Lighthouse Way ”是最新的远足活动， 在宣传的时候，肯定要朝着好的，有特色的方面宣传。既然是徒步旅行活动，那么应该是沿 着“欧洲最后一个未经开发的海岸”前行。C选项正确。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。warrant使显得必要 ( 或正当 ) ；provide提供； imagine 想象； evaluate 评价，评估。这个远足活动听起来非常有挑战性，有必要进行尝试。A选项正确。 【26 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。prepare for为准备； arrange for安排； pay for支付的费用； turn to向求助。根据该段最后中的“and to make special taxi arrangements”可知， On Foot Holidays每天安排出租车将作者他们的行李带到下一个目的地。B选项正确。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。negotiate谈判，协商； discuss讨论； contact和联系； text发短 信。该空和后面的spoke 都是表示和“公司的当地专家”沟通交流的方式，我们给当地的专 家发短信和他交谈，他的主要作用是让我们了解每天的天气预报等其他情况。D选项正确。 【28 题详解】 考查短语辨析。in addition to 除之外还有；in need of需要； in case of 以防，万一；in favour of 支持，赞成。万一发生了紧急事件，我们可以和当地的专家联系。 C选项正确。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。shorten缩短； extend 延伸； decrease 减少； expand 扩大，扩展。根据 后面的“ 14-mile hikes to less than 10 miles”可知， 14 英里的形成缩短为不到10 英里。 故 A选项正确。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。appearance 出现； variety种类，多样性； character特点； route路线。 根据下文的叙述可知，作者和妻子在徒步旅行的过程中，看到了不同的景色，经历了不同的 小路。故B选项正确。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。display展示； reflect反射； follow跟随； overlook俯瞰，忽视。悬 崖下面是大海，即：悬崖俯瞰着大海。故D选项正确。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。establish建立； lighten（使）发亮；sport引人注目地穿戴，炫耀； structure构成，排列。该句是一个拟人化的说法，字面意思是：山峰“引人注目地穿戴”着 闪闪发光的涡轮机。即：远处，许多山峰的风力涡轮机闪闪发光，就像蛋糕上的蜡烛。C选项 正确。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。 change 改变；interval间隔，中间休息；adaption适应，改编；interaction 相互交流。空气清新，温度宜人，多云、凉爽、多风、多雨的天气间隔频繁，伴随着灿烂的 阳光。 B选项正确。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。stretch伸展； withdraw撤退； float漂浮； deposit使沉淀，使沉积。 垃圾少得惊人，只有海岸沿岸的一些地方例外，那里的洋流沉积了大部分的捕鱼物品。D选项 正确。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。experience经历； technique技术； investigation调查； experiment 实验。我妻子和我意识到，我们是朝圣者，在人生旅途中寻找意义、觉知和快乐，而我们的 加利西亚远足经历以我们永远不会忘记的方式将我们进一步推向了这条道路。A选项正确。 【点睛】完形填空之原词复现：这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义 词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能 力。例如第六小题所填的arrange和下文中的“ arrangement”则属于该类型。 Section B Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Many people prefer eating out instead of cooking at home. A change appears to be taking place, though, and millennials are leading the way. According to one survey, more young people are starting to cook at home for three basic reasons: They can save money, eat healthy and waste less food. Popular TV chefs are also getting millennials excited about learning some basic cooking skills. Many millennials view cooking as a form of entertainment and self-expression. They proudly post pictures of their cooking creations on Facebook or Instagram, and invite friends over to share the cooking experience. Many millennials have also found ways to avoid wasting food. After roasting a chicken, they put the leftover bones in their freezer instead of the garbage can. Later, they use the bones to make chicken stock which is an important ingredient in many dishes. They also hate throwing out fruit thats too old. To avoid that situation, they bake ripe fruit like berries and bananas for 15 minutes at 175 degrees C. Then they freeze it overnight. After that, they place the fruit in plastic bags and store it their freezer for later use. Now any millennials only eat at restaurants that have excellent food-waste policies. These servants use every part of the vegetables they buy, including their stems and roots, in dishes. They also use beef, chicken and pork bones to make their own stock. Millennials also reduce food waste by only buying what they require. Before going to a market, they write down what they need and dont buy anything else. They way they won t purchase more food than they can consume. 36. What is the main subject of this article? A. A cooking trend that has attracted millennials. B. A