2019版一轮复习英语外研版：必修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse.doc.pdf

- 积词汇见多识广 课内单词回扣 （一） 阅读词汇写其义 1.random adj.任意的；随机的 _ 2.sympathy n.同情；同情心 3.consistent adj.一致的；吻合的 _ 4.deliberately adv.蓄意地，故意地 5.autonomous adj.自治的6.glory n.光荣； 荣誉 （二） 表达词汇写其形 I.witness v.目击；亲身经历2.burst v.爆炸 3. view v.看，观察4.decade n.十年 5. deed n.行为6.accuse v.指责 7? consult v.咨询；请教8.accustomed adj.习惯的 9.acknowledge v.承认；认为lO.forcsee e. 预知；预见 II.abstract adj.抽象的12.Dray o.祷告；祈祷 （三） 拓展词汇灵活用 1 .relief n.安慰；宽慰 -*relieve v.安慰；宽慰 *2.assume v.假定，假assumption n.假定，假设 *3.patience n.耐心patient 必/. 耐心的n.病人-*patiently 耐心地 *4.depend v.依靠；取决于dependent。龙. 依赖的 -*dependence n.依赖，依靠independence n.独 立，口立 *5.advanced adj.高级的，先进的advance v. 承诺，忠于 ; 投入；做出（错事） ; 犯 （罪） 用上面标注生的单词的正确形式填空 1.At first, Anne totally depended on Jack, her husband. After many years of struggle, she 科普知识与现代技术之（三） 征服宇宙 话题下的语素积累 Hua Ti Xia De Yu Su J i Lei 对知识 面的拓展要“广” 髙考话题对接 gained her independence and now she is dependenl on herself to lead a new life.(depend) 2.Mr Black is my devoted friend ? He devotes his life to doing scientific research? I respect his devotion to science.(devote) 3.Although the patient was out of patience, the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently, (patient) 4.They assumed that there would be a substitute for the earth blit the assumDtion seemed impossible, (assume) 5.Our soldiers now can advance 300 miles a day in the desert with the help of the advanced Global Positioning System (全球定位系统 ).(advance) 话题单词积累I 1.astronaut/strono : t/ n.宇航员 2.astronomer/stronsma/ n.天文学家 3 ? planet/ rplasnlt/ n.行星 4.telescopetellskoop/ n.望远镜 5.universe/ju : nlvs : s/n.宇宙 6.globe/gbub/ n.地球仪，地球 7? gravity/'grajvltl/ n.重力，地球引力 8? orbit/'o ： bit/几( 天体等的 ) 运行轨道 9.rocket/rroklt/n.火箭 10- atmosphere/tmssfls/ n大气层，大气 11. astronomy/o'stmnoml/ n.天文学 12. digita“dld3lt(o)l/adj.数字的 13. powerful/'paoofol/ adj.强大的 14 ? wonder/wAndo/n.奇迹 15- resource/rFso : s/ n.资源 16. secrel/'si : krlt/ n.秘密 17. explore/Ik'sph/ v.探索 18. empower/Im'paus/ vt.授权；使能够 19. reveal/rFvi : 1/ v.揭示 20. complex/'kompleks/ adj.复杂的 21 ? biotechnology/,bahCoeknbdsI/ n. 生物科技 22. transplant/trains'pla : nt/ n. 外太空 6. manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船 7 ? unmanned spaceship/spacecraft 无人飞船 8.weather satellite 气象卫星 9.communication satellite 通信卫星 10. launch/send up a satellite 发射卫星 11 ? circle the moon 绕月 12. land on the moon 登月 13. return to earth 返冋地球 14. carry out scientific experiments 开展科学实验 15. have access to space travel 能到太空旅游 16. virtual net 虚拟网 17 ? high-speed broadband networks 髙速宽带互联网 18. with the popularity of the Internet 随着网络的普及 三积句式写作扮靓 课内句式仿写 1.“no+比较级 + than”表示“同一样不” 仮句The world was in shock 一maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane. 仿写他的英语同我的英语一样不好。 His English is no_better_than_mine. 2.否定词前置的部分倒装句 1.例句little did he know what impact he was going to make. 仿写那个男孩对记者说：“我一刻都没有怀疑过我父亲会来救我。” uNever for a second, ” the boy says to the reporter, “did_Ldoubt that my father would come to my rescue ： 3.as引导的让步状语从句，应使用倒装结构 彳列句Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that. 仿写尽管他是个孩子，但是他有广泛的科学知识。 Child as he is, he has a wide range of science knowledge ? I话题佳句背诵1 1 ? In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being ? 事实上，我们对宇宙了解很少，甚至不明白它是如何形成的。 2.It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life. 毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。 3.I am convinced that human is able to use the Internet properly and scientifically? 我相信，人类能够正确地、科学地使用互联网。 I川背语段语感流畅 It is known that human beings have been exploring the universe- First of all, exploring the universe can help us understand how the universe came into being and how it has been evolving. Secondly, our planet has limited resources, so we need to explore the outer space for valuable resources and make the best use of them. Thirdly, a higher level of space exploration represents a country ， s comprehensive strength, which is a symbol of being powerful. In a word, we should spare no effort to explore the universe and make it serve human beings bette匚 众所周知，人类一直在探索宇宙。 首先，探索宇宙可以帮助我们了解宇宙是如何开始存在，以及它是如何演化的。 第二, 我们星球上资源有限， 所以我们需要探索外部太空去寻求宝贵的资源，并充分利用它们。第三，较高层次的太空探索代表了一个国家的 综合实力，是国家强大的象征。 总之，我们应该不遗余力地探索宇宙，使它更好地为人类服务。 第一板块重点词汇突破 师生共研词汇1 话题下的教慝习 Hua Ti Xia De Jiao Cai Fu Xi 对知识点的掌握要“牢” 1. accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的 教材原句Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. 自从尼尔 ?阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。 (1) be accustomed to = be used to (doing) sth ? 习惯于 (做) 某事(表示状态 ) get/become accustomed to = be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做) 某事(表示动作 ) (2) accustom vt.使 . 习惯于 accustom oneselfVsb? to (doing) sth. 使自己/ 某人习惯于 ( 做)某事 He quickly got/became accustomed to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college? 他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。 The students quickly accustomed _themselves_to the new timetable, which excited the teachers- 学生们很快适应了新的吋间表，这令老师们很高兴。 As we all know, English people are accustomed to driving (drive) on the left. 众所周知，英国人习惯于靠左边开车。 名师指津短语be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词?ing形 式。 2. acknowledge v.承认；认为；告知收到 ( 信件、礼物等 )；感谢 高考佳句It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(2014-福建高考单选 ) 普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。 (1) acknowledge sth./lhat. 承认 acknowledge doing . 承认做过 acknowledge .as/to be 认为 . 是( 常用被动形式 ) It is widely/universally acknowledged that ? 普遍认为 (2) acknowledgement n.承认；感谢 ?As we all know, Lang Lang is_acknowledged_gs/tQ_be one of the greatest pianists? f It_is_widely/universalIy_4ckrK ) wledged_tiKit Lang Lang is one of the greatest pianists. 众所周知， 郎朗被认为是最杰出的钢琴家之一。 The boy acknowledged seeing (see) her money, but he said he didn ， t steal il. 那个小男孩承认见过她的钱，但是他说他并没有偷。 3. accuse v?扌旨责 ; 扌空告 教材原句He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss. 他指控达斯 ?维德杀死了自己的父亲，因此他把自己训练成为一名绝地武士并发誓要为口己的损失报仇。 (1) accuse sb. of (doing) sth.= charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指责/ 控告某人 (做) 某事 accuse sb. for sth.为某事指责某人 accuse sb. as .控告/ 指责某人为 . (2) the accused 被告 The woman accused (accuse) of stealing 1.2 million dollars was trying to find herself a lawye 匚 被指控偷窃120万美元的妇女想给自己找个律师。 The accused was accused as a murderer, but the judge found him innocent. 那个被告被指控为谋杀犯，但是法官发现他是无罪的。 联想发散动词accuse可构成accuse sb. of sth.结构，类似的动词短语还有： remind sb. of sth. 提醉某人某事 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱某物 inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事 cure sb. of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病 ?suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人做某事 wam sb. of sth.警告某人某事 convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事 4. consult v.咨询；请教；商量，磋商；查阅；顾及 高考佳句To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.(2014-陕西高考单选 ) 为了解岀这道数学难题，我己经向拉塞尔教授请教了好多次了。 consult sb. about sth. 向某人请教 / 咨询某事 consult with sb. about sth.与某人商量 / 磋商某事 consult a doctor 向医生求诊 ?To lose weight, I consulted with a doctor, I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small. 为了瘦身， 我咨询过医生，找过健身教练，并减少饮食C Please don 11 consult a dictionary every time you meet a new word. 请不要每次遇到生词就查词典。 联想发散关于 “ 查词典”的表达法有：consult a dictionary, refer to a dictionary, look up .in a dictionary 等。 词汇过关练 I ?单句语法填空 I ? Assuming (assume) that the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money? 2. The driver witnessed to having seen (see) the man fall down in the street ? 3. Accustomed (accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr King found it hard to live in the city. 4. The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, depending (depend) on your different answers. 5. He acknowledged donaling/having donaled (donate) a great deal of money to the flooded area. 6. That his friends accused him of not being honest made Jack very angry. 7. So hard was the woman's life, but to her relief (relieve), her only son was admitted to a top university last year. 8. People are usually well informed of what is happening due to the advanced (advance) media, such as television, newspaper and net PC. 9. Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt. 10? Tom has made good preparations for it and he is convinced that he can make X ? II. 单句改错 1 ? I have been accustomed to get up early in the morning since I came to senior high school .geLgetting 2. One witness for the accident said that the car was racing at full speed.for to 3. Assumed that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, what will you do? Assumecjf Assuming 4. I“ 11 look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little Da(ien( ? patien(f patience 5. These high school students were accused abusing (虐待)their classmates.accused 后力口of III. 单句写作 (补全句子 ) 1 ?习惯于生活在一个完全陌生的环境并不是一件容易的事。(get accustomed to) It is not an easy thing to_get_accustomed_to_living_in a completely strange environment ? 2.普遍认为人与人之间的最短的距离是真诚的微笑。( acknowledge) Itis_widelyacknowledged_that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile? 3.他们被指控组织并资助(finance)地下青年运动。(be accused of) They are accused of organising and financing an underground youth movement. 4.他经常去办公室向老师咨询关于学习英语的方法。(consult sb. about sth.) He often goes to the office to consult his teacher about the method of learning English. 5. 21世纪的头十年见证了中国经济的快速增长。(witness) The first ten years of the 21st centuiy witnessed 丄he rapid growth of_Chir) a' s_ecork ) my. 第二板块短语、句式突破 1. make it成功；及时到达，赶上；能参加 高考佳句It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.(2013- 全国卷I单选) 这真是一个需要争分夺秒才能完成的项目。幸运的是，我们圆满地完成了。 make it to 按时到达，能够出席或参加 make it +时间约定某个时间 make it through . 挺过 . ,熬过 . . make it up with sb.与某人和解 Sarah made iL to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. 莎拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机C Let's make_it 8： 00 am if you want to go to the park with me. 如果你想和我去公园的话，让我们把吋问定在上午8点吧。 I don't have eno ugh money to make it through the week. 我的钱不足以熬过这个星期。 2. Incredibl_33l_may_§ eem9_ both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that ? ? ? 尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想 Incredible as it may seem 木目当丁although/though it may seem incredible o as “ 尽管， 虽 然” 引导让步状语从句，此吋常将表语、状语或部分谓语提到句首，构成部分倒装。 as引导让步状语从句的常见形式: (1)单数可数名词 + as+主语+ be+其他成分 (2)形容词 + as+主语+ be +其他成分 (3)副词+ as+主语+谓语动词 +其他成分 (4)动词原形 + as+ 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 其他成分 Child as he is, he likes to be treated like an adult. 尽管他是个孩子，但他喜欢被当作成年人对待。 Cheap as this kind of mobile phone is, many people refuse to buy it because it* s out of date. 虽然这种手机很便宜，但因为过时了，很多人不愿意买它。 Hard as_ he_studies, he often fails in the exams. 尽管学习很刻苦，但他经常考试不及格。 Try_as_he_mighl_he couldn ， t finish the work. 尽管他想方设法，却未能完成这项工作。 名师指津(1)作表语的名词提到as之前，名词前不能加冠词。 (2)though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但是although引导的 让步状语从句不 倒装。 短语、句式过关练1 I. 写出下列句中make it的含义 1. I never thought Clare would make it as an actress?成功 2. r m sorry I won' t be able to make it on Saturday.能参力II 3. an you speed it up a little? T 11 be late for my flight. Take it easy. T m taking a short cut. We' 11 make it on time?及时到达 4. Let's make it 8： 30. Is that all right for you?约定时间 II?将下列句子改为用as引导的让步状语从句 1 ? Although he is talented, he is not ready to turn professional ? Talented_as_he_is,_ he is not ready to turn professional ? 2. However hard he tried, he couldn“ t solve the problem. f Had_43_he_tied, he couldn ， t solve the problem? 3. Though he was faced with the great danger of drowning, the young man jumped into the river to save the struggling boy without hesitation. f Faced withthe great danger of drowning as he was, the young man jumped into the river to save the struggling boy without hesitation. 课堂双线提能1 课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接提能一 用课文词汇写高分 作文 witness， accuse, avenge, sorrow, acknowledge, assume， patience, motherland ， pray， impact, be accustomed to, in spite of 1?补全要点句（“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语） 尽管我在叙利亚己两年了，但我仍不习惯这儿的生活。 Although I have stayed in Syria for two years, I am still not accustomed_to the life here? 几乎每天我都能见到爆炸事故，不同党派之间互相指责、报复，给人们带来了巨大的 悲痛。 Almost every day I witness the explosions and different parties accuse each other and avenge themselves on others, which brings people great SOITOW. 我承认來这儿是我做的错误选择。假设再给我一次机会，我会做出不同选择的。 1 acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here. Assuming I was given another chance, I would have a different choice? 尽管有这么多的困难，我还是耍有耐心，继续把工作完成，争取尽快回到祖国。 In_spitc_of so many difficulties, I should have palicnce and continue to finish the work in order to return to my motherland as soon as possible ? 我祈祷叙利亚能尽早结束战争，消除战争的影响，有一个光明的未来。 I pray that Syria will end the war quickly, eliminate the impact of the war, and have a bright future. 2.升级平淡句 用as引导的让步状语从句升级句 Two years as I have stayed in Syria, I am still not accustomed to the life here. 3.衔接成语篇（注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：now, at the same time ） Two years as I have stayed in Syria, I am still not accustomed to the life here. Almost every day I witness the explosions and different parties accuse each other and avenge themselves on others, which brings people great SOITOW? Now I ack no wledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here ? Assuming I was given another chance, I would have a different choice. In spite of so many difficulties, I should have patience and continue to finish the work in order to return to my motherland as soon as possible? At the same time, I pray that Syria will end the war quickly, eliminate the impact of the war, and have a bright future? 提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句I本单元突破点多层成分作状语 经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译 课文长 难句 Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken. 该句主干部分是“Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television“,后面的“their hearts in their mouths“是独立主格结构作伴随状语， aware of是形容词短语作原因状语。 所有年龄的人都 高兴地沿着人行 道走着，眼睛和 手粘在 手机上， 完全 不知道周围 发 生了什么。 真题长 难句 People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them.（2015-湖南高考 该句主干部分是“People of all ages happily walk along the pavement“, 后 面 “with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone ,是 with复合结构作伴随 状语，quite unaware of.是形容词短 阅读理解A) 语作状语。 话题下的高看研昇 / Hua Ti Xia De Gao Kao Yan Jiu 7 对高考的把握要“准” 自从20世纪60年代开始，人类就不停地在尝试探索太空。随着科技和生活的进步，中国的航空航天技 术也步入了世界前列。纵观历年高考试题，此话题多在听力、阅读理解、完形填空等题型屮考查。 一、话题与语篇 考题示例 （2015-湖北高考阅读D） 11 The oddness of life in space never auitespes away.Here are some examples. 2 Ek也COnsidESQnx览hiDgZSJiiinpleJiSJdgep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet （芭蕾）dancer? “I'm an inside guy, “ Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six -month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.” 31 Qn the station, the ordinal becomes stranse ? The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.lt also