牛津译林版英语九下Unit4Greatpeopleword语法详解.doc

Unit 4 Great people一.【语法详解】定语从句定语从句的定义在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词，即“先行词定语从句”。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词有who, whom, which, that, whose，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语(whose)；关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中只用作状语。先行词关系代词关系词在定语从句中的成份先行词关系副词关系词在定语从句中的成份人who主语、宾语时间when状语人whom宾语时间which/that宾语物which主语、宾语地点where状语人、物tha主语、宾语地点which/that宾语人、物whose定语，表示所属关系原因why状语(the reason why)注意：whoseof which, of whom when介词which where介词which whyfor which 如果关系代词前有介词，只能用which或whom且不能省略。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who, whom的用法当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人的时候用关系代词who/whom/that。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who/that；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时用who/whom/that，并且可以省略；通常用who代替whom，但whom不能代替who。关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词的数取决于先行词的数，即定语从句的动词形式与先行词保持一致。注意：先行词为one, ones, anyone或those时，关系代词只能用who。Lets count the people who/that are present. (注意定语从句中动词的形式)Is he the man who/that has saved three children during the snowstorm? (注意定语从句中动词的形式)The person (who/that/whom) you wish to see has come.关系代词which, that的用法当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物时，用关系代词which/that。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，需注意以下两种情况：当定语从句中动词短语含有介词时，若介词后置，可使用关系代词which/that，并且可以省略；若介词置于关系代词之前，只能用which，并且不能省略。The book which/that tells us a true story is well worth reading.Here is the car (which/that) I bought last month.The parade in which he took part is called Disney parade.The parade (which/that) he took part in is called Disney parade.关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose可用于指人或物的先行词，whose在定语从句中作定语，先行词与whose之后的词是所属关系，当先行词是人时whoseof whom，当先行词是物时whoseof which。Id like a house whose doors face south.Id like a house the doors of which face south. He is the boy whose father is a famous writer.He is the boy the father of whom is a famous writer.下列情况下只用关系代词that当先行词是以下指物的不定代词时：all, none, much, any, little, few, anything, nothing, everything。I believe all that you told me. Tell us everything that you know.当先行词被以下词修饰，并且指物时：all, any, every, each, few, little, much, no, some, the very, the same, one of, the only。注意：one of人关系代词who/that one of物关系代词that。You should put away all the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday.I have some things that I have to do today. Theyve offered a reward of ￥5,000 for any information that leads to the arrest of the murderer.This is the very book that I have been looking for.这是我一直寻找的那本书。She is the only one of us that knows French. (特别提醒：the only修饰先行词时必须用关系代词that)It is the same song that I heard yesterday afternoon.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级，或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。Miss Wang is the first teacher that taught me English.He is the last man that I want.他是我最不想见的人。Hangzhou is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.当先行词中既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and things that we remembered at school.当主句是由who或which开头的疑问句时。Which is the book that was written by Guo Jingming?Who is the murderer that killed the young, bright engineer?下列情况不用关系代词that。介词之后用whom(人)或which(物)。引导非限制性定语从句用who, whom, whose(人) 或which(物)。当先行词为something时，关系代词既可用that，也可用which。Painting is something (that/which) I really enjoy doing.We need something that/which is of use to us.特殊形式：the way you speakthe way that you speakthe way in which you speak关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when的用法当定语从句的先行词是时间名词，关系词在定语从句中作状语时用when或介词which，常用the time when；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that，并且可以省略。This is the hour when the streets are full of people.She still remembers that day when/on which she was chosen as the hostess of the charity show.Ill never forget the summer holiday (which/that) I spent in Beijing with my parents.关系副词where的用法当定语从句的先行词是地点名词，关系词在定语从句中作状语时用where或介词which，常用the place where；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时用which/that，并且可以省略。This is the factory where/in which Mr Smith worked ten years ago. This is the factory (which/that) Mr Smith worked in ten years ago. This is the town where he grew up.关系副词why的用法当定语从句的先行词是reason时，关系副词用whyfor which，常用the reason why/for which。We dont know the reason why he hasnt come yet.We dont know the reason for which he hasnt come yet.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的修饰成分，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，这种定语从句与主句的关系十分密切，与主句之间不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句与主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种定语从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，不用that引导。He has two sisters, who work as reporters.他有两个姐姐，她们是记者。(他只有两个姐姐。)Mrs Wang, who taught me English 21 years ago, is living in Beijing now.Glass, which breaks easily, should be put softly.The film ASSEMBLY, which was directed by Feng Xiaogang, won an award in Beijing. She married Joseph, which surprised everyone. (关系代词which代替一个从句，而不仅是一个词)Hangzhou is a famous city, where there is a beautiful lake. 二.【中考真题】1. I will never forget the broken house I lived ten years ago. (2006海南)A. that B. which C. in which D. in where2. The only thing he could do at that time was to ask the police for help. (2006甘肃)A. that B. who C. which D. A&C3. Have you the scientist invented 1000 things? (2006盐城)A. heard from; which B. heard of; who C. heard; that D. listened; who4. Tom is the only student comes from the US in our class. (2007上海)A. that B. which C. who D. whom5. Is this the school you studied before? (2007青海)A. that B. which C. where D. this6. My parents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time. (2006吉林)A. who B. that C. whom D. whose7. The boy lost his backpack has to borrow books from his teachers. (2006福建)A. who B. whose C. which 8. Rose likes music is quiet and gentle. (2006北京)A. when B. that C. where D. who9. Tom has a nice watch which his friend gave him on his birthday. (同义句转换，每空一词) (2007淮安)Tom has a nice watch by his friend a birthday gift. 10.书面表达(2007苏州)假设某英语杂志“奥运来了”栏目正在举办征文比赛。请你根据下面的“奥运会徽”和内容要点，用英语以“中国印舞动的北京”为题写一篇短文，参加比赛。