大一历史论文_新文化运动（A history of the new culture movement _）.doc

大一历史论文_新文化运动（A history of the new culture movement _）On New Culture MovementThe Northern Warlords period in Chinese somber sky, sounded a loud thunder, an advocate science and oppose feudal superstition,The cultural enlightenment movement which attacked the feudal ideas for thousands of years - the new culture movement.During this period, in the political aspect, the failure of the revolution, off the emperor, but China is still chaotic, even in the air signs are inCrumbling qifenglengyu. Pure armed struggle and Crusade do not solve the problem, and Chen Duxiu and other advanced intellectuals are separated from the cultural and ideological point of viewIn view of the reasons, he thought that it would be necessary to liberate the Chinese people from the ideological and ideological state of ignorance, blind obedience and superstition which had been caused by the long feudal autocratic ruleDemocracy and scientific enlightenment education. At the same time, support powers stepped up their aggression Chinese, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself Emperor, let these advanced molecules had to ChinaFind a new way to change the situation.In the economic aspect, Chinese capitalism developed further during the first World War, and the bourgeoisie strongly demanded democratic politics in ChinaGood development of capitalism; in terms of ideology and culture, with the establishment and study of new school culture increasingly, western enlightenment is further introducedTo China, and the revolution of 1911 made the democratic and Republican ideas deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the backward flow of Yuan Shikais "respect for Confucius and restoring ancient ways" was not allowed by the Democratic intellectuals. placeIn a word, the emergence of the new culture movement is not only the product of the economic, political, ideological and cultural factors in the specific historical period, but also the modern timesChina experiences long-term material and ideological preparation on the basis of inevitable results.From the former bureaucrat turned president of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai, to the emperor, he carried out a step in the aspect of culture, is liftedThe slogan of "respect Confucius and restore the ancients" has created the public opinion and cultural foundation for the monarchy. Or, in other words, the emergence of a new cultural movement,It depends on the freedom of speech.The new culture movement is carried out along two fronts, one is the ideological front, and the other is the literature front. The two lines are interwoven, and so it isIt is not only an ideological revolution, but also a literary revolution. As an ideological revolution, it advocates democracy and science, opposes autocracy and ignorance, and superstitionAdvocate new morality and oppose old morality. As a literary revolution, it advocates new literature and opposes old literature. The essence of the new culture movement in the early stage was the bourgeoisieThe new culture; the struggle against the old feudal culture. Marx was strongly advocated in the later period. The promotion of democracy and scientific thought has shaken the feudal ideologyDominant position, and promoted the development of Chinese natural science, make peoples thought, especially young peoples thought get unprecedented liberation. Anaphase propagationThe Marx doctrine, accepted by the Chinese advanced intellectuals, became the ideological weapon to save the country and transform the society. An outbreak of the 54 MovementIt has played a role of propaganda and mobilization, and is also conducive to the popularization and prosperity of culture.The basic reason of the limitation of the new culture movement lies in the class limitation and the limitation of the ideological cognition of its leaders. At that time stood the struggleThe frontier or the bourgeois radical democrats, their banners, their ideological weapons against feudal despotism, are still bourgeoisDemocracy came from the arsenal of the bourgeois revolution in the west. Their goal is to build a new country of Western style,Organizing the new society of the western style leads China to the capitalist road, and therefore can not be combined with mass movements. Theyre thinkingThere are also serious formalism and metaphysics, and there are extreme points of view about Chinese culture and Western culture. Just as Mao Zedong was in oppositionIn the article "eight party shares", he pointed out: "many leading figures at that time did not have the critical spirit of Marx and the methods they used.",In general, the bourgeois approach, that is, formalism. They are for the present, for history, for foreign things,. placeThat is bad is absolutely bad, everything is bad; the so-called good is absolutely good, everything is good." Due to the limitations of class and method of thinking, theyWe can not put forward practical political plans against imperialism and feudalism, so we can not point out the real way out for the Chinese people. Of course, the Confucian culture is firmly accounted forAccording to the ruling era, the Chinese bourgeoisie, like the bourgeoisie in Western Europe, inevitably had primitive colour in the struggle against feudalism in the early days.The influence of the new culture movement at that time is not to be neglected. In summary, it can be divided into the following points:(1) the feudal ideology was shaken. Before the new culture movement, the bourgeois reformists and the revolutionaries promoted their respective political views,They did not criticize feudal thought thoroughly. Through the new culture movement,Feudal thought was shocked and criticized unprecedentedly, and peoples thought was unprecedentedlyLiberation. (2) democratic and scientific ideas are carried forward. Chinese intellectuals were subjected to a western democracy and scientific thought in the New Culture MovementBaptism. This opened the way for the spread of new ideas, and also promoted the development of Chinas natural science. (3) an outbreak of 54 MovementPrepared for thought. The new cultural movement inspired the peoples democratic consciousness and played a propaganda and mobilization role in the patriotic movement of 54. (4) later period;The spread of socialist thought has inspired Chinese advanced intellectuals, who have chosen and accepted the Marx doctrine as a way to save the country and change itThe ideological weapon to build society and promote revolution. This is the most important achievement of the new culture movement. (5) it is conducive to the popularization and prosperity of culture. New cultureThe movement advocates the vernacular language, can unify the language and the writing more, accepts for the broad masses of people, thus is advantageous to the cultural popularization and the multiplicationRong. The new culture movement has great merit, but it also has serious disadvantages. Its failure lies in Chen Duxius introduction of the ideological debate in the cultural world into politics,Weaken the power of the cultural world. Although there has been a long debate between democracy and socialism after 54, this debate is completeIt is for political services, and this political debate is hard to come by. After the introduction of politics by the cultural circles, it also caused state unrest,The backwardness of education, thus hindering the thorough new cultural movement.Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and so forth left the Cultural Camp and joined politics. The first result was the premature ending of the new culture movement, which led to the creation of a new cultureThe lack of thoroughness of movement. In the period of the Republic of China after the new culture movement, there were many battles in the cultural field, between democracy and socialism,But none of them were thorough enough to reach the right conclusion at last. And this debate has been bothering China for nearly a century, even today, it still, heIt remains the biggest political risk for Chinas development. Ideological debate can only be reached in the light of a thorough discussion in the field of cultureResultChen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and so on leave the Cultural Camp to plunge into politics, and the second result is social unrest. The controversy of "doctrine" containsIt is a concept of class struggle, and the promotion of class struggle is the promotion of the debate in the cultural field into the political sphere. Democracy, orThe socialist system was advanced for the Chinese people who received less education at that time, and they were able to really understand the two ideasNot many people. The rush to develop them into politics at this time will only lead to social unrest.What is more regrettable is that the new culture movement has not fully done its historical responsibility. The advocates of sport ignore the masses and do nothing newCombining the movement with the masses, the movement of culture is confined to the circle of intellectuals. Meanwhile, they are responsible for disseminating new ideas and responsibilitiesThe body was not fully responsible. This is because, first of all, the literati themselves have not clearly realized the true direction of the new culture movement. The cultural people are against itThe advanced culture of Kong Meng Lao Buddhism and Confucianism "culture seven demon" and to introduce foreign, has doubts and misgivings, and even retrogression. New Culture MovementBefore long, there were divisions and divisions in the leaders of the new culture movement. Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Guo Moruo, the each acts in his own way,Without strong unity. Even as for the beginning of the new cultural movement, the advocates later became the opponents of the new culture movement, ancient proseA guardian of, such as Liu Bannong. On the one hand, Lu Xun published his first novel "Diary of a madman" in 1918, and the diary said that Chinese ancient cultureAnd Chinese characters, Chinese ideas, cannibalism and harm; but, on the other hand, many other leaders of the new culture movement do not entirely agree with LuFast and furious opinions. The leaders differences have seriously hindered the spread of Lu Xuns new ideas and hindered the further development of new ideas. And Lu Xun is newThe first leader of the cultural movement, Lu Xuns new ideas, of course, represents the main idea of the new culture movement. Ignoring Lu Xuns thoughts is newAt the time of the cultural movement, it caused great blows to the new ideas, new culture and new culture movement. Lu Xun thought was not fully realizedIts historical value and historical significance.Furthermore, these leaders also avoided the actual struggle against the warlord government and failed to put forward the task of anti imperialism. At the timeAs far as the literary revolution was concerned, although the construction of "national literature" was proposed, the literary activities at that time were limited to only a few intellectuals, and it was still impossibleSpread to the masses of workers and peasants.Moreover, some of the leaders of the movement are formalistic in their thinking methods, and they do not add to the Chinese cultural heritageAnalysis to recognize, and even to "waste out Chinese", the world language, and very worship of western bourgeois culture, this absolute attitudeHave a bad influence on.However, the new culture movement is no trivial matter for Chinese significance. If hundreds of years later or thousands of years of historical vision to see todayWe still live in a broad new culture movement, and still operate under its rules. In the tide of history, can be with such aIts a lucky thing to meet on a grand scale and a far reaching cultural movementThe "new" of the new culture movement has lost its way forward. "New" without direction will inevitably go back to "old". After the reform and opening up,China has introduced new foreign cultures. At this point, but also to live a few years ago, the new cultural movement of the directional confusion, but also found a new textThe real way forward of a new idea. However, from 1919 to 1979, a full 60 years. During these 60 years, China thought and ChinaCulture has gone through a very difficult process. Meanwhile, 1949 was a turning point. This is also fulfilled, "30 years, a small change, 60 years, a big change.""Proverbs. Why is there such a serious situation? Why did the reform and opening up come so late? For a long period of isolation Chinese,Proud and self deceiving. Reform, opening up and reform are to change the old things of China; opening up is to introduce new things from other countries. Until the reform startedWhen it was released, the direction and objectives of the new cultural movement 60 years ago were shown in the name of "reform and opening up". It seems that direction is muchWhy?. Direction is more important than method. In the new culture movement, many people used various ways of moving forward, but there was no way forwardThe direction of the line, which is dangerous ahead, is easy to fall into the trap. Just as people close their eyes and walk, walk and keep on walking, and so on,Its not dangerous at first. Just go. But it does not necessarily go where it will inevitably fall into the trap. And the nature of the road is never straightRoad, only detours; and detours need to rely on the eyes to go.