[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟182.docx

专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟182专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟182专业八级分类模拟182LANGUAGE USAGEOscar Wilde said that work is the refuge of people whohave nothing better to do. If so, Americans are now amongthe worlds saddest refugees. Factory workers in the UnitedStates are working longer hours than at any other time in 1the past half century. America once led the rich world incutting the average working weekfrom 70 hours in 1850to less than 40 hours by the 1950s. It seemed natural that as people grew richer they would trade extra earnings for more leisure. Since the 1970s,however, the hours clocked up by American workers haveraised to an average of 42 this year in manufacturing. 2Several studies suggest that something similar is happeningoutside manufacturing. Americans are spending more timeat work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyersboast 80-hour weeks. On holiday, they seek out fax 3machines and phones as eagerly as Germans bag the best sunloungers. Yet working time in Europe and Japan continue to 4fall. In Germanys engineering industry the working weekis to be trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year. Most Germansget six week paid annual holiday; even the Japanese 5now take three weeks. Americans still make with just two. 6 Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether peoples aversion to work is damagingits competition. Yet German workers, the Japanese, seem to 7be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achievea better standard of living with fewer hours of work. Thepuzzle is why America, the worlds richest country, seesthings differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social clues. 8Parents spend less time with their children, who may be leftalone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenilecrime is in the rise? Some explanations for Americas 9time at work fail to stand up for scrutiny. Some blame weak 10trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation, otherssuggest Americans actually want to work longer hours.1.答案:any/解析 “now”并不属于过去的任何时间，不能将其从“any other time in the past half century”中排除出去，所以不能使用“any”。2.答案:raisedrisen解析 动词“raise”为及物动词，只能选用不及物动词“rise”的过去分词“risen”来代替。3.答案:boastof/about解析 “boast”做及物动词往往表示“某地或某国以拥有某物为荣”，在此处最好加入“of/about”表示“吹嘘”之意。4.答案:continuecontinues解析 本句的主语为“working time”，所以谓语动词必须与该主语一致。5.答案:weekweeks解析 如果“six week”作前置修饰语，则需要用连字符“-”联结起来，且“week”用单数形式。但此处的结构不同，所以必须把“week”变为复数，并加“”修饰后面的名词词组“paid annual holiday”。6.答案:makedo解析 “make do with”表示“凑合，勉强为之”。7.答案:competitioncompetitiveness解析 破坏的不是“竞争”，而是“竞争力”，所以应该把“competition”改为“competitiveness”。8.答案:cluesimplications解析 “clues”为探究一件事所需要跟踪的“线索”，为“因”而不是“果”，而此处暗示的是“果”，因为下文提到了各种不良后果，所以应改为意思相近的“implications”。9.答案:inon解析 “on the rise”表示“上升，处于上升通道”，没有“in the rise”一词。10.答案:forto解析 “stand up for”表示“捍卫，保护”，而此处的意思应为“经得起(质疑)”，所以应改为“stand up to”。Then, why do Americans want to work harder? One reasonmay be that the real earnings of many Americans havebeen stagnant or falling during the past two decades. Peoplework longer merely maintaining their living standards. Yet 11many higher-skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increasesin their real pay, have been working harder still. Also, 12one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapidgrowth in employmentwhat is more or less where the 13argument began. Taxes may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more oftheir money than those who do the same in Germany. Failsin marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have madeit all the less profitable to work longer. 14 None of these answers really explains why the century-long decline in working hours has gone into converse in 15America but not elsewhere (though Britain shows signs offollowing Americas lead). Perhaps cultural differencesthelast refuge of the defeated economistare at play. Economistsused to believe that once workers earned enoughto provide their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, 16their incentive to work would be eroded, like lions relaxingafter a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertise 17than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that "basicneeds"for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-projected 18carexpand continuously. Shopping is already one ofAmericas most popular pastimes. But it requires moneysomore work and less leisure. 19 Or try this: the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes. Perhaps Wildewas right. Maybe Americans have something better to do. 2011.答案:maintainingto maintain解析 现在分词“maintaining”表示伴随或结果，而不定式“to maintain”则表目的；此处应理解为工作的目的。12.答案:stilltoo解析 在此处“still”意思模糊，到底是“依旧”还是“更加”，如果是后者则一般需放在所修饰词的前面，所以最好把“still”换成“too”。13.答案:whatwhich解析 此处“what”引导的应为非限定性定语从句，而“what”并不能担当此任，应改为“which”。14.答案:lessmore解析 此处应把“less”改为“more”，否则语义不通。这句话的意思是“自20世纪70年代以来，边际税收的下降使工作的时间越长，得到的收益越多”。15.答案:conversereverse解析 “converse”表示“反面，相反”，而此处的真正含义为“调头朝相反方向运动”，所以应改为“reverse”。16.答案:providefor解析 “provide”表示“提供”，而“provide for”表示“供养，提供生计”，所以应选择后者。17.答案:advertiseadvertising解析 “susceptible to”中的“to”为介词，不是不定式符号，所以应改为“advertising”。18.答案:projectedpropelled解析 “project”表示“投掷，发射”，而“propel”表示“推进”。19.答案:sohence解析 “so”表示“所以”时不能做副词只能做连词，所以只能换成表示“所以”的副词“hence”。20.答案:somethingnothing解析 从上下文来看，此处的意思是“美国人除了工作外便没有什么更好的事情可做”，所以选用“nothing”代替“something”。Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherishedsporting habits are underway. Whether its one of Londonsparks full of people playing softball, or Russians taking 21rugby, the patterns of players and spectators are changingbeyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization ofour sporting culture. That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case of point. Just a few 22years back it was a strictly continental affair with France,Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part in. But 23in recent years it was dominated by Colombian mountainclimbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matters welcome the shift toward 24 globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multinationalcorporations that want worldwide return for the 25millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally aworld of goods to see this unofficial world championship 26become just that. It is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communicationstechnology, but made happen because of marketing 27considerations. Sell the game you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser 28as well. The skilful way which American football has been sold 29 to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop.The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for itsown sake, but to increase the number of people interested inthe major money-made events. 3021.答案:takingup解析 “take”一词表示“接受，收取”，在本句中意思不够明确，最好改为“take up”表示“培养(一个新的爱好)”。22.答案:ofin解析 这句话的意思是“环法自行车大赛就是一个很好的例子”，此处只能将“of point”改为“in point”表达此意。23.答案:(part)in/解析 “taking part in”显然缺少一个词作“宾语”，所以不如直接去掉“in”。24.答案:mattersmatter解析 此处“matter”的是“people”，所以应与之一致。25.答案:returnreturns解析 “return”一词作“回报，收益”解时往往用复数形式“returns”。26.答案:goodsgood解析 “good”表示“好处”时为不可数名词；这一点与“goods”表示“货物”时不同。后者无论单复数都为“goods”。27.答案:happento解析 “make”在被动语态中后接不定式时不能省略“to”。28.答案:youand解析 由“Sell”开头的句子由两个并列的简单句组成，且当中没有任何连接词，不符合语法习惯。应在两者当中加入“and”，相当于：“If you sell the game, you can sell Coca Cola.”29.答案:whichin解析 “which”引导的从句先行词为“way”，所以应在“which”前加入“in”。30.答案:money-mademoney-making解析 “events”和“make money”的关系为主动，所以应改“made”为“making”。There exists a social and cultural disconnection betweenjournalists and their readers, which helps explain why the"standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien for many 31readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reportersin five middle-sized cities around the country, plusone large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communitieswere phoned on random and asked the same questions. 32 Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and theyreless likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put rootsin a community. 33 Reporters tend to be part of broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect conventional 34values. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rootedin inaccurate or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash 35of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubling business that keeps 36hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibilityproject dedicated to wonder why customers are annoyed and 37fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around tonotice the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers 38are complaining about. If it does, it would open up its 39diversity program, now focusing broadly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, 40education and class.31.答案:forto解析 “be alien to sb. ”表示“对某人来说很陌生；与某人不相干”。32.答案:onat解析 “at random”表示“随机地，随意地”。33.答案:rootsdown解析 “put roots”的说法不存在，应改为“put down roots”表示“扎根”。34.答案:broadlya解析 “elite”为集合名词表示“(一个社会的)优秀阶层”，所以尽管用单数却是表示复数含义。35.答案:inaccurateinaccuracy解析 “skills”无法用“inaccurate”来形容，所以可以把“inaccurate”改为名词“inaccuracy”，表示“(报道的)有欠准确”。36.答案:troublingtroubled解析 本句中的“business”是指“麻烦缠身的行业”而非“给他人招致麻烦的行业”，所以应该使用“trouble”的过去分词表被动含义。37.答案:wonderwondering解析 “dedicated to”中的“to”为介词而非不定式“to”。38.答案:noticenoticing39.答案:doesdid解析 从“If”开头的句子来看，此句话所陈述的为与现实相反的假设，所以“if”引导的条件句应使用过去时。40.答案:broadlynarrowly解析 从上下文来理解，这里应该把“broadly”改为“narrowly”表示目前报纸选题的狭窄。 12 / 12