[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟22.docx

专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟22专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟22专业八级分类模拟22LANGUAGE USAGEChanges in the way people live bring about changes in the jobsthat they do. More and more people live in towns and cities instead on 1farms and in villages. Cities and states have to provide services city people want, such like 2 more police protection, more hospitals, and more schools. This meansthat more policemen, more nurses and technicians, and more teachersmust be hired. Advances in technology, has also changed peoples 3lives. Dishwashers and shing machines do jobs that were once doneby the hand. The widespread use of such electrical appliances means 4that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly. 5 People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes 6 in the way of life. As income goes down, people may not want more 7food to eat or more clothes to wear. But they may want more and bettercare from doctors, dentists and hospitals. They are likely to travel moreand to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available 8in these services. The government also affects the kind of works people do. The 9 governments of most countries spend huge sums of money for international 10defense. They hire thousands of engineers, scientists, clerks, typists andsecretaries to work on the many different aspects of defense.1.答案:insteadonof解析 instead of为固定搭配，表示“而不是”。2.答案:likeas解析 such as为固定结构，表示列举或举例。没有such like这一说法，所以要将like改为as。3.答案:hashave解析 该句主语是复数名词advances，所以谓语动词have也相应的为复数形式。4.答案:thethe解析 by hand为固定搭配，意为“手工地，用手”。5.答案:itthem解析 此处的代词指代的应是such electrical appliances，故用them。6.答案:leadschangesto或leadscauses解析 lead to为固定结构，或者将leads改为causes，cause可作及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。7.答案:downup解析 根据该段第一句话People are earning higher wages and salaries可知，人们的收入是在增加的，所以应为income goes up。8.答案:NeverthelessTherefore/Consequently解析 前文讲人们的需求增加，所以催生了更多的工作机会，因此此处应为因果关系，而非转折关系。9.答案:workswork/jobs解析 work当“工作”讲是不可数名词，或者可以把works改为jobs，因为job是可数名词。10.答案:internationalnational解析 根据上文可推断各国政府各自采取的是全国范围的防御，而非国际范围内的防御。Few people would defend the Victorian attitude of children, 11but if you were a parent in those days, at least you know where 12you stood; children were to be seen and not heard. Freud andcompany did away with all that and parents have been bewilderedever since. The childs happiness is all-important, the psychologists say,but what about the parents happiness? Parents suffer constantly with 13fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about pull the 14place apart. A good old-fashion spanking is out of the question 15no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity.The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout at: Who knows 16what deep psychological wounds you might inflict? The poorchild may recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. Soit is that parents bend over backwards to avoid to give their 17children complexes which a hundred years ago hadnt even beenheard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But theexcessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing moreharm than good. Psychologists have succeeded in underminingparents confidence in their own authority. And it has taken children 18long to get wind of the fact. There are countless articles inmagazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advicefly about, parents do nothing at all. And the children take complete 19control. What else can the poor parents do but obey? But thepsychologists have much to answer. They should keep their mouths 20shut and let the parents get on with the job. This will at least helpthe children to develop vigorous views of their own and give themsomething positive to react against.11.答案:ofto/toward解析 attitude后使用介词to或toward表示“对的态度”。12.答案:knowknew解析 此处讲的是维多利亚时期的情况，是过去的事情，应使用过去时态。13.答案:withfrom解析 suffer from是固定搭配，意为“受之苦”。14.答案:pullpulling解析 现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。15.答案:old-fashionold-fashioned解析 复合形容词的构成应是“形容词+名词-ed形式”。16.答案:atat解析 该题考查shout的用法。shout后接动作发生的对象的时候，需要介词at，此处没有针对对象，所以应该去掉at。17.答案:to givegiving解析 该题考查avoid的用法。动词avoid后面只能跟动名词而不能跟不定式作宾语。18.答案:hashasnt解析 句意：没多久孩子们就发现了这一事实。可见助动词应用否定式。19.答案:flyflying解析 此处为“with+sth. +v-ing”构成的独立分词结构，作状语。20.答案:answerfor解析 answer for对负责。Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can givepleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. 21The most significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning 22required. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring few 23or no planning, it is almost routine. A months touring holiday abroad,or better still, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If thematter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, 24and returning a new home, this requires even more planning to make 25sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure successand of avoiding costly failures we can not suffer. It is equally essential 26to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree 27of importance does not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources 28and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly 29household budget. Both are designed to ensure an adequate supply ofessentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage 30and over-expenditure.21.答案:andor解析 前半句表达的是它带来的喜悦与兴奋，后半句表达的是它让人头疼，所以前后是两种相反的可能性，因此两者之间是选择关系，而不是并列关系。22.答案:mostmore解析 the more.the more.是固定句型。23.答案:fewlittle解析 little用来修饰不可数名词，而few则用来修饰可数名词。这里修饰的名词为planning，为不可数名词，所以要用little修饰。24.答案:involveinvolves解析 主语the matter是单数，所以谓语动词。involve也要用第三人称单数形式involves。25.答案:returningato解析 return用作及物动词时，意为“归还”。return to返回原地。该句表达的是“回到新家”，所以return后需加介词to。26.答案:sufferafford解析 afford负担，承受。suffer遭受(痛苦)。根据句中“costly”可知，此处想表达的是无法承受，所以需将suffer改为afford。27.答案:bebe解析 vary是动词原形，不能直接与be相接。28.答案:thethe解析 in essence是固定短语，意为“本质上，实质上”。29.答案:dodoes解析 句子主语是动名词复合结构a nation planning its resources and needs，应看作单数，所以do应改为does。30.答案:improperlyproperly解析 根据全文可知句子要表达“只有做得正确，才能避免物资匮乏和浪费”的意思。improperly与文意相反，不符合逻辑。Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30 years.Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 percent 31since 1950. The domestic smoking control program has been 32particularly important in achieving this result. London and othermajor cities are no longer have the dense smoke-laden "smogs" 33of the 1950s, but in central London winter sunshine has 34increased about 70 percent since 1958. 35 Since 1990, daily air pollution data from the British monitoring network has been made available to the public by the Department 36of the Environments Air Quality Bulletins. These give the concentrationsof three main pollutantsozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfurdioxideand grade air quality on a scale between "very weak" and 37"very good". The information features in television and radio weatherreports, appears in many national and local newspapers. 38Therefore, the data are available on a special free telephone number 39and on videotext systems. A comprehensive review of the issue of urban air quality was published in January 1992. Three independent committees of which 40experts have been established to advise on different aspects of theproblem, and will set guidelines and targets for air quality. The networkis also being extended and upgraded at a cost of 10 million.31.答案:risenfallen解析 根据文章第一句英国空气质量大幅提升，可以看出烟雾的排放量应该是“减少”了，而不是“增加”了，所以应该用动词fallen。32.答案:smokingsmoke解析 smoke烟雾，smoking抽烟，吸烟。Smoke control意为“排烟管理，排烟控制”。33.答案:areare解析 这里使用了两个动词have和are，are用在此处不合逻辑，去掉即可。34.答案:butand解析 前半句讲伦敦及一些重要城市浓烟不在，后半句讲阳光照射增加，所以前后是顺承关系，并不是转折关系。35.答案:increasedaboutby解析 increase by增加了，后跟增加的“数量”，“倍数”或“百分比”。36.答案:hashave解析 data为datum的复数形式，作主语，所以has要改为have。37.答案:weakpoor/bad解析 good的反义词是poor或bad，且形容空气质量要用“好”或“差”，并没有“强弱”，所以weak不合适。38.答案:reportsappearand解析 两个谓语动词中间要用连词连接。39.答案:ThereforeMoreover或Furthermore解析 前一句话讲这些信息可以从电视、广播和国际及地方报纸获得，后一句讲也可以从免费电话和视讯系统获得，所以这里要表示的是“递进关系”，而therefore表示“结果”。40.答案:whichwhich解析 根据句子结构，这里不需要使用定语从句。Thomas Malthus published his Essay on the Principle of Populationalmost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters have being warning 41that worldwide famine was just around the next corner. The fast-growingpopulations demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their 42supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation. But in reality, the worlds total grain harvest has risen steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble spots like present-day Somalia, 43and occasional years of good harvests, the worlds food crisis has remained 44just around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue even as if 45the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billionpeople will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons. 46Optimists point to concrete examples of continued improvements in yield.In Africa, by instance, improved seeds, more fertilizers and advanced 47growing practices have more than double corn and wheat yields in an 48experiment. Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are producinga plant with few stems and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant 49breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most 50researchers see their success to date as reason for hope.41.答案:beingbeen解析 此处考查的是现在完成进行时，构成为have been+现在分词。42.答案:theirits解析 its所指代的是demand for food，所以应该为单数形式。43.答案:relativerelatively解析 形容词isolated，需要副词修饰。而relative为形容词，所以要改为其副词形式relatively。44.答案:goodpoor/bad解析 这里要表达的是“偶尔有些年份收成不好”，因此要用poor/bad。45.答案:asas解析 even if作“即使”讲，引导让步状语从句。46.答案:politicspolitical解析 这里and连接的是三个并列的形容词，economic和environmental均为形容词，因此politics也要用形容词。47.答案:byfor解析 for instance例如，为固定短语。48.答案:doubledoubled解析 此处more than是插入语。double为动词，表示“使加倍”，且应为现在完成时，所以应改为doubled。49.答案:fewfewer解析 根据后面的“and more”，可断定few应该使用其比较级形式fewer。50.答案:cropcrops解析 这里crop作“作物，庄稼，农作物”讲，为单数。 14 / 14