1、CENISO/TS16901TechnicalspecificationSPECIFICATIONTECHNIQUETechnischespezifikationMay2025ICS75.180.01EnglishVersionGuidanceonperformingriskassessmentinthedesignofonshoreLNGinstallationsincludingtheship/shoreinterfaceISO/TS16901:2022Recommendationssur!appreciationdurisquedanslaLeitfadenzurDurchfiihrun
2、gvonRisikobewertungenconception(!installationsterrestrespourIeGNLenbeiderPlanungvonLNG-AnlagenanLand,incluantFinterfaceterre/navire(ISO/TS16901:2022)einschlielichderSchnittstellezwischenSchiffundLand(ISO/TS16901:2022)ThisTechnicalSpecification(CENTS)wasapprovedbyCENon11May2025forprovisionalapplicati
3、on.TheperiodOfvalidityofthisCEN/TSislimitedinitiallytothreeyears.AftertwoyearsthemembersofCENwillberequestedtosubmittheircomments,particularlyonthequestionwhethertheCEN/TScanbeconvertedintoaEuropeanStandard.CENmembersarerequiredtoannouncetheexistenceofthisCEN/TSinthesamewayasforanENandtomaketheCEN/T
4、Savailablepromptlyatnationallevelinanappropriateform.Itispermissibletokeepconflictingnationalstandardsinforce(inparalleltotheCEN/TS)untilthefinaldecisionaboutthepossibleconversionoftheCEN/TSintoanENisreached.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepubl
5、ic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandUnitedKingdom.富EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITEEU
6、ROPEENDENORMALISATIONEuropaischeskomiteefurnormungCEN-CENELECManagementCentre:RuedelaScience23,B-1040Brussels2025CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedRef.No.CENISO/TS16901:2025EworldwideforCENnationalMembers.ContentsPageEuropeanforeword3EuropeanforewordThetextofISO/TS16901:2022has
7、beenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC67OilandgasindustriesincludinglowercarbonenergyoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISo)andhasbeentakenoverasCENISO/TS16901:2025byTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC282InstallationandequipmentforLNGthesecretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR.Attentionisdrawntothepossibi
8、litythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CENshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anyfeedbackandquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundontheCENwebsite.AccordingtotheCEN-CENELE
9、CInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoannouncethisTechnicalSpecification:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,No
10、rway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandtheUnitedKingdom.EndorsementnoticeThetextofISO/TS16901:2022hasbeenapprovedbyCENasCENISO/TS16901:2025withoutanymodification.TECHNICALSPECIFICATIONISO/TS16901Secondedition2022-12Guidanceo
11、nperformingriskassessmentinthedesignofonshoreLNGinstallationsincludingtheship/shoreinterfaceRecommandationssurrevaluationdesrisquesdanslaconceptioninstallationsterrestrespourIeGNLenincluantVinterfaceterrenavireReferencenumberISO/TS16901:2022(E)ISO2022IIpJSJSlqMIV-ZZoZOSI(2)puEZ4iMguipqs11qncjSjo,osm
12、mmisqMSjo,os)4qXdoqiEugIIlO6叱瑟回+：。UoqdbuorJiujT2T-HD8同UUOPU“aPMDIO力JDyj4qSuXdoOSI,j4S11bJ叫【joXj4u11oquiXpoqJquauSQSl。Mopqssjppe叫【eOSIJ!uiojjpaisanbaj叫ueuoissiuijci,uossujduumjoud4noq4iMuejiuiuejoiujiui四1uoSupsodjorSuiXdODOioqdSuipnpuirE3iuEqujo3iuoj4pueuiXueXqjoULIOJXueuisiMJq40pz1111nJOpnpojdjqXeui
13、uopEiqndsiJoIJBdouruopE4Uuidus41JOx4uo3q1uipjnbjjorpajdssiMJq40ssu-pjsj11vZZOZOSIXNaiD0QSlDaiOHdIHOIHAdODE)ZZoZ：10691S1OSIContentsPageForewordv1 Scope12 Normativereferences13 Termsanddefinitions14 Abbreviatedterms65 Safetyriskmanagement85.1 Decisionsupportframeworkforriskmanagement85.2 Prescriptives
14、afetyorriskperformance85.3 Riskassessmentinrelationtoprojectdevelopment91.1 Whatisrisk1.2 Safetyphilosophyandriskcriteria1.3 Riskcontrolstrategy1.4 ALARP1.5 Waystoexpressrisktopeople1.5.1 General1.5.2 Riskcontours(RC)1.5.3 Risktransects(RT)1.5.4 Individualrisk(IR)1.5.5 Potentiallossoflife(PLL)1.5.6
15、Fatalaccidentrate(FAR)1.5.7 Costtoavertafatality(CAF)1.5.8 F/Ncurves(FN1.5.9 UncertaintiesinQRA7 Methodologies7.1 Mainstepsofriskassessment7.2 Qualitativeriskanalysis7.2.1 HAZID7.2.2 Failuremodeandeffectanalysis(FMEA)7.2.3 Riskmatrix7.2.4 Bow-tie7.2.5 HAZOP7.2.6 SILanalysis7.3 Quantitativeanalysis:c
16、onsequenceandimpactassessment7.3.1 General7.3.2 Consequenceassessment7.3.3 Impactassessment7.4 Quantitativeanalysis:frequencyassessment7.4.1 General7.4.2 Failuredata7.4.3 Consensusdata7.4.4 FAULTtree7.4.5 Eventtreeanalysis(ETA)7.4.6 Exceedancecurvesbasedonprobabilisticsimulations7.5 Riskassessments(
17、consequence*frequency)7.5.1 Riskassessmenttools7.5.2 Adhocdevelopedriskassessmenttools7.5.3 Proprietaryriskassessmenttools8 Accidentscenarios8.1 Overviewaccidentscenarios8.2 LNGimportfacilitiesincludingSIMOPS8.3 LNGexportfacilities1112)444555522L3L311111115Illl161621211245556667.2,2.225222222.29Stan
18、dardpresentationofrisk33Annex A (informative)Impactcriteria34Annex B (informative)Chainofeventsfollowingreleasescenarios53Bibliography57ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandards
19、isnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmentatinliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInt
20、ernationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentsshouldbenoted
21、ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seeWWW.iso.org/directives).Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Detailsofanypatentrights
22、identifiedduringthedevelopmentofthedocumentwillbeintheIntroductionand/orontheISOlistofpatentdeclarationsreceived(seeWWW.iso.org/Patents).Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeanin
23、gofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISO,sadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT),seeWWW.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC67,Oilandgasindustriesincludinglowercarbo
24、nenergy,SubcommitteeSC9,Production,transportandstoragefacilitiesforcryogenicliquefiedgases.Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO/TS16901:2015),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.Themainchangesareasfollows:一referencetoIGFcodeaddedtothescope;一referencesupdatedinClaUSe2andthebibliography;一
25、definitionsaddedforHSEcriticalactivityandHSEcriticalelement.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.Acompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.org/members.htmLGuidanceonperformingriskassessmentinthedesignofonshoreLNGinstallationsincludingtheship/shor
26、einterface1 ScopeThisdocumentprovidesacommonapproachandguidancetothoseundertakingassessmentofthemajorsafetyhazardsaspartoftheplanning,design,andoperationofLNGfacilitiesonshoreandatshorelineusingrisk-basedmethodsandstandards,toenableasafedesignandoperationofLNGfacilities.Theenvironmentalrisksassociat
27、edwithanLNGreleasearenotaddressedinthisdocument.Thisdocumentisapplicablebothtoexportandimportterminalsbutcanbeapplicabletootherfacilitiessuchassatelliteandpeakshavingplants.ThisdocumentisapplicabletoallfacilitiesinsidetheperimeteroftheterminalandallhazardousmaterialsincludingLNGandassociatedproducts
28、LPG7pressurizednaturalgas,odorizers,andotherflammableorhazardousproductshandledwithintheterminal.ThenavigationrisksandLNGtankerintrinsicoperationrisksarerecognised,buttheyarenotinthescopeofthisdocument.Hazardsarisingfrominterfacesbetweenportandfacilityandshipareaddressedandrequirementsarenormallygi
29、venbyportauthorities.ItisassumedthatLNGcarriersaredesignedaccordingtotheIGCcode,andthatLNGfuelledvesselsreceivingbunkerfuelaredesignedaccordingtoIGFcode.BorderbetweenportoperationandLNGfacilityiswhentheship/shorelink(SSL)isestablished.Thisdocumentisnotintendedtospecifyacceptablelevelsofrisk;however,
30、examplesoftolerablelevelsofriskarereferenced.SeeIEC31010andISO17776withregardtogeneralriskassessmentmethods,whilethisdocumentfocusesonthespecificneedsscenariosandpracticeswithintheLNGindustry.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstit
31、utesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISOGuide73,RiskmanagementVocabulary3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISOGuide73andthef
32、ollowingapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:一ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:WWW.iso.orgobp一IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWWeleCtroPediaQrg3.1aslowasreasonablypracticableALARPreducingarisk(3.28)toalevelthatrepresentsthepoint,object
33、ivelyassessed,atwhichthetime,trouble,difficulty,andcostoffurtherreductionmeasuresbecomeunreasonablydisproportionatetotheadditionalriskreductionobtained3.2boilingliquidexpandingvapourexplosionBLEVEsuddenreleaseofthecontentofavesselcontainingapressurizedflammableliquidfollowedbyafireballNote1toentry:T
34、hishazardisnotapplicabletoatmosphericLNGtanks,buttopressurizedformsOfhydrocarbonstorage.SOURCE:ISO/TS18683,3.1.2,modifiedNotetoentryadded.3.3bow-tiepictorialrepresentationofhowahazardcanbehypotheticallyreleasedandfurtherdevelopedintoanumberofconsequences(3.6)Note1toentry:Theleft-handsideofthediagram
35、isconstructedfromthefaulttree(causal)analysisandinvolvesthosethreatsassociatedwiththehazard,thecontrolsassociatedwitheachthreat,andanyfactorsthatescalatelikelihood.Theright-handsideofthediagramisconstructedfromthehazardeventtree(consequence)analysisandinvolvesescalationfactorsandrecoverypreparedness
36、measures.Thecentreofthebow-tieiscommonlyreferredtoasthe“topevent1.3.4costtoavertafatalityCAFvaluecalculatedbydividingthecoststoinstallandoperatetheprotection/mitigation(3.20)bythereductioninpotentialloss(3.22)oflife(PLL)Note1toentry:Itisameasureofeffectivenessoftheprotection/mitigation.3.5computatio
37、nalfluiddynamicsCFDnumericalmethodsandalgorithmstosolveandanalyseproblemsthatinvolvefluidflows3.6consequenceoutcomeofanevent3.7costbenefitanalysisCBAmeansusedtoassesstherelativecostandbenefitofanumberofrisk(3.28)reductionalternativesNote1toentry:Therankingoftheriskreductionalternativesevaluatedisusu
38、allyshowngraphically.3.8designaccidentalloadDALmostsevereaccidentalloadthatthefunctionorsystemisabletowithstandduringarequiredperiodoftime,inordertomeetthedefinedrisk(3.28)acceptancecriteria3.9explosionbarrierstructuralbarrierinstalledtopreventexplosiondamageinadjacentareasEXAMPLEAwalL3.10F/NcurveFN
39、plotofcumulativefrequencyversusNormorepersonsthatsustainagivenlevelofharmfromdefinedsourcesofhazards3.11failuremodeandeffectanalysisFMEAanalyticallyderivedidentificationoftheconceivableequipmentfailuremodesandthepotentialadverseeffectsofthosemodesonthesystemandmissionNote1toentry:Itisprimarilyusedas
40、adesigntoolforreviewofcriticalcomponents.3.12fatalaccidentrateFARnumberoffatalitiesper100millionhoursexposureforacertainactivity3.13harmphysicalinjuryordamagetothehealthofpeopleordamagetopropertyortheenvironment3.14hazardpotentialsourceofharm(3.13)3.15hazardidentificationHAZIDbrainstormingexerciseus
41、ingcheckliststhehazardsinaprojectareidentifiedandgatheredinariskregister(3.39)forfollowupintheproject3.16hazardandoperabilitystudyHAZOPsystematicapproachbyaninterdisciplinaryteamtoidentifyhazardsandoperabilityproblemsoccurringasaresultofdeviationsfromtheintendedrangeofprocessconditionsNote1toentry:I
42、tconsistsoffoursteps:definition,preparation,documentation/followupandexaminationtomanageahazardcompletely.3.17health,safetyandenvironmentalcriticalactivityHSEcriticalactivityactivityortaskthatprovidesormaintainsbarriers3.18health,safetyandenvironmentalcriticalelementHSEcriticalelementcomponentorsyst
43、emwhosefailurecouldcauseorsubstantiallycontributetothelossofintegrityandsafetyofasystemandwhosepurposeistopreventormitigatefromtheeffectsofhazards3.19impactassessmentassessmentofhowconsequences(3.6)(fires,explosions,etc.)doaffectpeople,structurestheenvironment,etc.3.20mitigationlimitationofanynegati
44、veconsequence(3.6)ofaparticularevent3.21MonteCarlosimulationsimulationhavingmanyrepeats,eachtimewithadifferentstartingvalue,toobtaindistributionfunction3.22 potentiallossproductoffrequencyandharm(3.13)summedoveralltheoutcomesofanumberoftopevents3.23probabilityextenttowhichaneventislikelytooccur3.24p
45、robitinversecumulativedistributionfunctionassociatedwiththestandardnormaldistributionNote1toentry:ProbitisusedinQRAtodescribetherelationbetweenexposure,e.g.toradiationortoxics,andfractionfatalities.3.25protectivemeasuremeansusedtoreducerisk3.26quantitativeriskassessmentQRAtechniquesthatallowtherisk(
46、3.28)associatedwithaparticularactivitytobeestimatedinabsolutequantitativetermsratherthaninrelativetermssuchashighorlowNote1toentry:QRAmaybeusedtodetermineallriskdimensions,includingrisktopersonnel,risktotheenvironment,risktotheinstallation,and/ortheassetsandfinancialinterestsofthecompany.SeeIS017776
47、2016,B.12.3.27 residualriskrisk(3.28)remainingafterprotectivemeasures(3.25)havebeentaken3.28riskcombinationoftheprobability(3.23)ofoccurrenceofharm(3.13)andtheseverityofthatharm3.29riskanalysissystematicuseofinformationtoidentifysourcesandtoestimatetherisk(3.28)3.30riskassessmentoverallprocessofriskanalysis(3.29)andriskevaluation(3.33)3.31riskcontourRCtwo-dimensionalrepresentationofrisk(3.28)onamapNo
