1、EuropeanstandardNormeeuropeenneEuropaischenormEN14067-4:2024+AlMay2025ICS45.060.01SupersedesEN14067-4:2024EnglishVersionRailwayapplications-Aerodynamics-Part4:RequirementsandassessmentproceduresforaerodynamicsonopentrackApplicationsferroviaires-Aerodynamique-Partie4:Exigencesetproceduresd,evaluation
2、pourFaerodynamiqueaFairIibreBahnanwendungen-Aerodynamik-Teil4:AnforderungenundBewertungsverfahrenfiirAerodynamikaufoffenerStreckeThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon27February2024andincludesAmendment1approvedbyCENon9April2025.“CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichsti
3、pulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentreortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(Engl
4、ish,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Es
5、tonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandUnitedKingdom.EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITEEUROPEENDENORMAL
6、ISATIONEuropaischeskomiteefurnormungCEN-CENELECManagementCentre:RuedelaScience23,B-1040Brussels2025CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedRef.No.EN14067-4:2024+Al:2025EworldwideforCENnationalMembers.PageContentsEuropeanforeword4Introduction51 Scope62 Normativereferences63 Termsandde
7、finitions64 Symbols75 Requirementsonlocomotivesandpassengerrollingstock145.1 Limitationofpressurevariationsbesidethetrack145.1.1 General145.1.2 Requirements145.1.3 Fullconformityassessment155.1.4 Simplifiedconformityassessment155.2 Limitationofslipstreameffectsbesidethetrack175.2.1 General175.2.2 Re
8、quirements175.2.3 Fullconformityassessment195.2.4 Simplifiedconformityassessment205.3 Aerodynamicloadsinthetrackbed225.4 Aerodynamicallyinducedballastprojection.225.5 Runningresistance226 Requirementsoninfrastructure.236.1 Train-inducedpressureloadsactingonstructuresparalleltothetrack236.1.1 General
9、236.1.2 Requirements236.1.3 Conformityassessment236.2 Train-inducedairspeedsactingoninfrastructurecomponentsbesidethetrack,236.3 Train-inducedaerodynamicloadsinthetrackbed236.4 Train-inducedairspeedactingonpeoplebesidethetrack236.5 Aerodynamicallyinducedballastprojection247 Methodsandtestprocedures2
10、47.1 Assessmentoftrain-inducedpressurevariationsbesidethetrack247.1.1 General247.1.2 Pressurevariationsinthepressurefield(referencecase)277.1.3 Pressurevariationsonsurfacesparalleltothetrack367.1.4 Effectofwindonloadscausedbythetrain447.2 Assessmentoftrain-inducedairflowbesidethetrack447.2.1 General
11、447.2.2 Slipstreameffectsonpersonsbesidethetrack(referencecase)447.2.3 Slipstreameffectsonobjectsbesidethetrack487.3 Assessmentoftrain-inducedaerodynamicloadsinthetrackbed487.4 Assessmentofrunningresistance497.4.1 General497.4.2 Full-scaletests49AnnexA(informative)Procedureforfull-scaletestsregardin
12、gtrain-inducedairflowinthetrackbed57A.1A.2A.3A.4A.5General57Trackset-up57Vehicleconfigurationandtestconditions58Instrumentationanddataacquisition58Dataprocessing59Bibliography60EuropeanforewordThisdocument(EN14067-4:2024+Al:2025)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC256nRailwayApplicationsthesecr
13、etariatofwhichisheldbyDIN.ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyNovember2025,andcon11ictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyNovember2025.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdoc
14、umentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CENshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ThisdocumentincludesAmendment1approvedbyCENon9April2025.Thisdocumentsupersedes/EN14067-4:2024.Thestartandfinishoftextintroducedoralteredbyamendmentisindicatedinthetextbytags!u.ResultsoftheEU-fundedr
15、esearchprojectAeroTRAIN”(GrantAgreementNo.233985)arecontainedinthisdocument.(Deletedparagraphs11ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderastandardizationrequestaddressedtoCENbytheEuropeanCommission.EN14067,RailwayapplicationsAerodynamicsconsistsofthefollowingparts: Part4:Requirementsandassessmentproceduresfo
16、raerodynamicsonopentrack; Part5:Requirementsandassessmentproceduresforaerodynamicsintunnels; Part6:Requirementsandassessmentproceduresforcrosswindassessment; Part7(TR):Fundamentalsfortestproceduresfortrain-inducedballastprojection.Anyfeedbackandquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnation
17、alstandardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundontheCENwebsite.AccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganisationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Ger
18、many,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandtheUnitedKingdom.IntroductionTrainsrunningonopentrackgenerateaerodynamicloadsonobjectsandperson
19、stheypass.Iftrainsarebeingpassedbyothertrainsrainsarealsosubjecttoaerodynamicloadingthemselves.Theaerodynamicloadingcausedbyatrainpassinganobjectorapersonnearthetrack,orwhentwotrainspasseachother,isanimportantinterfaceparameterbetweenthesubsystemsofrollingstock,infrastructureandoperation.Itisthussub
20、jecttoregulationwhenspecifyingthetrans-Europeanrailwaysystem.Trainsrunningonopentrackmustovercomearunningresistancewhichhasastrongeffectontherequiredenginepower,achievablespeed,traveltimeandenergyconsumption.Thus,runningresistanceisoftensubjecttocontractualagreementsandrequiresstandardizedtestandass
21、essmentmethods.Thetestset-upforballastprojectionwasalsoupdated.1 ScopeThisdocumentestablishesrequirements,testprocedures,assessmentmethodsandacceptancecriteriaforoperatingrollingstockinopentrack.Forpressurevariationsandslipstreameffectsbesidethetrack,requirementsandassessmentmethodsareprovided.Forru
22、nningresistance,assessmentmethodsareaddressedinthisdocument.Loadcasesoninfrastructurecomponentsduetotrain-inducedpressurevariationsandslipstreameffectsareaddressedinthisdocument.Forballastedtracktestset-upsforballastprojectionassessmentareproposed.Therequirementsonlyapplytorollingstockoftheheavyrail
23、systemwithmaximumtrainspeedsabove160km/handnottootherrailsystems.Thedocumentisapplicabletoallrollingstockandinfrastructureinopenairwithnominaltrackgaugesof1435mmto1668mminclusive.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequireme
24、ntsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.EN1991-2:2003/EYzrocode1:ActionsonstructuresPart2:TrafficloadsonbridgesEN16727-2-2:2016,Railwayapplications-Track-Noisebarriersandrelateddevices
25、actingonairbornesoundpropagation-Non-acousticperformance-Part2-2:Mechanicalperformanceunderdynamicloadingscausedbypassingtrains-CalculationmethodEN17343,Railwayapplications-GeneraltermsanddefinitionsISO8756,Airquality-HandlingOftemperaturejpressureandhumiditydata3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesof
26、thisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninEN17343andthefollowingapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:一IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.electroPediaQrgISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:WWW.iso.orgobp3.1peak-to-peakpressurechangemodu
27、lusofthedifferencebetweenthemaximumpressureandtheminimumpressurefortherelevantloadcase3.2passageoftrainheadpassageofthefrontendoftheleadingvehiclewhichisresponsibleforthegenerationofthecharacteristicpressureriseanddrop,overandbesidethetrainandonthetrackbed3.3ComputationalFluidDynamicsCFDnumericalmet
28、hodsofapproximatingandsolvingtheequationsoffluiddynamics1DocumentimpactedbyAC:2010.3.4streamlineshapedvehiclevehiclewithaclosedandsmoothfrontwhichdoesnotcauseflowseparationsinthemeanRowfieldgreaterthan5cmfromthesideofthevehicle3.5bluffshapedvehiclevehiclethatisnotstreamlineshaped3.6unitrollingstockt
29、hatmaybecomposedofseveralvehicles3.7fixedtraincompositiontrainformationthatcanonlybereconfiguredwithinaworkshopenvironment3.8pre-definedtraincompositionstrainformationofoneorseveralunitscoupledtogether,whichisdefinedatdesignstageandcanbereconfiguredduringoperation4SymbolsForthepurposesofthisdocument
30、thesymbolsinTable1apply.Table1SymbolsSymbolUnitSignificanceExplanationorremarkQms2trainaccelerationsmeasuredduringthecoastingtestQDms2trainaccelerationsmeasuredduringthecoastingtestwhenthetrainisrunningdownhillQdms2differenceoftrainaccelerationsbetweentwocoastingtestsatthesametracklocationQUms2trai
31、naccelerationsmeasuredduringthecoastingtestwhenthetrainisrunninguphillCfcoefficientofaerodynamicforceCPlaerodynamiccoefficientdependingonthedistancefromtrackcentreYCp2aerodynamiccoefficientdependingontheheightabovetopofrailhSymbolUnitSignificanceExplanationorremarkCp3aerodynamiccoefficientdependingo
32、nthedistancefromtrackcentreYClNmechanicalresistanceCllANapproximationofmechanicalresistancesee7.4.2C2VtrNmomentumresistanceduetoairflowfortractionandauxiliaryequipmentandtheairconditioningsystemsC3Vtr2NaerodynamicresistanceintherunningresistanceformulaQN/PaC3showingthedensitycontributionCm/sspeedofs
33、ounddtStemporalvariationdvtrm/strainspeedvariationdxmspatialvariationFNloadonanobject,maximumvalueoftheforceduringthepassageFdNforcesee7.4.2.2.39ms2accelerationduetogravityhmheightabovetopofrailigradientofthetrackwithinatypicalrangeof0,03kfactoraccountingfortheenergystoredinrotatingmassesL0cmufactor
34、accountingformultipleunitsseeFormula(16)kshapecoefficientofthetraink2shapecoefficientofthetrainfeshapecoefficientofthetraininmlengthofthetrainnosedistancefromfrontendtowherethefullcrosssectionoftheleadingvehicleisachievedSymbolUnitSignificanceExplanationorremarkLsmlengthoftestsectionsee7.4.2.2mkgtra
35、inmassNbnumberofadditionalunitscomparedwithtestconfigurationsee7.2.2.1PdNfunctionoftrainspeedsquaredbetweentwocoastingtestsatthesametracklocationsee7.4.2.4PPapressurePmaXPamaximumpressurePminPaminimumpressurePIkPacharacteristicvalueofdistributedloadP2kPacharacteristicvalueofdistributedloadP3kPachara
36、cteristicvalueofdistributedloadRCmaxmaximumReynoldsnumberbasedonreferencelengthof3matfullscaleRiNrunningresistancetraincontribution,see7.4.1R2Nrunningresistanceinfrastructurecontribution,see7.4.1rcmreferencevalueofcurveradiussee7.4.2.4rmcurveradiusSm2characteristicareaSmdistancesee7.4.2.2tStimetiSsc
37、aledtimereferringtothez-thpassagetm,iStimereferringtothez-thpassageUim/smaximumresultanthorizontalairspeedofthez-thpassageafteraveragingSymbolUnitSignificanceExplanationorremarkcorrectiontothecharacteristictrainspeedUm/smeanvalueoverallmeasuredmaximaUiUmaxm/smaximumvalueofUIhom/supperboundofa2interv
38、alofmaximumairspeedU95%m/smaximumresultanthorizontalairspeedcharacteristicairspeedfrommeasurement95%,maxm/smaximumpermissiblehorizontalairspeedlimitforcharacteristicairspeedUi(ti)m/sresultanthorizontalairspeedofthez-thpassageaftertransformationofthetimebaseUm,i(tm,i)m/smeasuredresultanthorizontalair
39、speedofthez-thpassageVam/srelativewindvelocityseeFigure1Vdm/sdifferenceoftrainspeedbetweentwocoastingtestsatthesametracklocationsee7.4.2.4V(Lqm2s2differenceoftrainspeedsquaredbetweentwocoastingtestsatthesametracklocationsee7.4.2.4Vtrm/strainspeedVtrDm/sinstantaneoustrainspeedcoastingdownhillsee7.4.2
40、2Vtr,zm/strainspeedduringthez-thpassageVtr,maxm/smaximumtrainspeedordesignspeedofatrainmaximumtrainspeedreferstotrainoperation.iflimitedbyinfrastructure,maximumtrainspeedmaybelowerthandesignspeed.Vtr,refm/sreferencespeedVtr,Slm/smeasuredspeedatpointScoastinguphillsee7.4.2.2SymbolUnitSignificanceExp
41、lanationorremarkVtr,S2m/smeasuredspeedatpointScoastingdownhillsee7.4.2.2Vtr,Slam/smeasuredspeedatstartingpointSlcoastingdirection1see7.4.2.2.3Vtr,SIbm/smeasuredspeedatendpointcoastingdirection1see7.4.2.2.3Vtr,S2am/smeasuredspeedatstartingpointS2coastingdirection2see7.4.2.2.3Vtr,S2bm/smeasuredspeedat
42、endpointcoastingdirection2see7.4.2.2.3Vtr,testm/snominaltestspeedVtrUm/sinstantaneoustrainspeedcoastinguphillsee7.4.2.2Vwm/swindspeedwindspeedmeasuredatstationarypoint,seeFigure1Vw,x,im/swindspeedcomponentinx-directionduringthez-thpassageVwj,zm/swindspeedcomponentiny-directionduringthez-thpassageWyq
43、uotientofcrosswindspeedandincidentairspeedintrackdirectionsee7.1.2.1YmlateraldistancefromtrackcentreYminmminimumlateraldistancefromtrackcentreYmaXmmaximumlateraldistancefromtrackcentrey+dimensionlesswalldistanceOyawangleanglebetweenthevehicleaxisandtherelativewindactingonthetrain.Inawindtunnelwithst
44、ationarytrainmodel,itistheanglebetweenthetrainaxisandthewindtunnelaxis,seeFigure1.SymbolUnitSignificanceExplanationorremarkJCppressurechangecoefficientCp,2pressurechangecoefficientupperboundofa2intervalofthepeak-to-peakpressurechangecoefficient.Thepeak-to-peakpressurechangecoefficientisdefinedinForm
45、ula(2).pPapeak-to-peakpressurechangeApPameanvalueforpeak-to-peakpressurechangedeterminedoverallmeasurementspiorbyCFDpiPacorrectedmaximumpeak-to-peakpressurevalueofthez-thpassageFormulapm,iPamaximumpeak-to-peakpressureValuemeasuredduringthez-thpassageFormulapsimPatheheadpressurevariationfromunsteadyCFDcalculationsAAmPatheaverageofheadpressurevariationfromCFDcalculationstheaveragereferseithertosteadyCFDcalculationsortheaverageofresultsfromunsteadyBim,kPaheadpressurevariationfromsteadyCFDcalculationsforthec-thheightFormula(6)ptest,kPaaverage
