1、INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO2477Thirdedition2005-06-15Shapedinsulatingrefractoryproducts一DeterminationofpermanentchangeindimensionsonheatingProduitsrefractairesisolatsfaonnesDeterminationdeIavariationpermaetededimensionssous!,actiondeIacha!eurReferencenumberISO24772005(E)PDFdisclaimerThisPDFfilemayconta
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5、permissioninwritingfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISOsmemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCasepostale56CH-1211Geneva20Tel.+41227490111Fax+41227490947E-mailcopyrightiso.orgWebwww.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefe
6、derationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmenta
7、landnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO5alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part2.Themaintaskoftechnicalcommittee
8、sistoprepareInternationalStandards.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybet
9、hesubjectofpatentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ISO2477waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC33,Refractories.Thisthirdeditioncancelsandreplacesthesecondedition(ISO2477:1987),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevisedtoalignitwithEN1094-6.TheprincipalchangesconcernInorma
10、tivereferences,ItermsanddefinitionstobringthestandardintolinewithISO836,andIrevisionstoclausesconcerningsampling,measuringequipment,testtemperatureanddistribution,andheating.ShapedinsulatingrefractoryproductsDeterminationofpermanentchangeindimensionsonheating1 ScopeThisInternationalStandarddescribes
11、amethodfordeterminingthepermanentchangeindimensionsonheatingofashapedinsulatingrefractoryproduct.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocum
12、ent(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO5016,Shapedinsulatingrefractoryproducts-Determinationofbulkdensityandtrueporosity3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.3.1permanentchangeindimensionsonheatingdimensionalexpansionorcontractionthatremainsinarefracto
13、rythatisheatedwithnoexternallyappliedforcetoaspecifiedtemperatureforaspecifiedtimeandthencooledtoambienttemperature3.2insulatingrefractoryproductshapedrefractoryhavingatrueporosityofnotlessthan45%(volumefraction)whendeterminedinaccordancewithISO50164 PrincipleTestpiecesintheshapeofrectangularprismsa
14、recutfromeachbrickoritem,thendriedandthedistancebetweentwooppositefacesoneachtestpieceismeasured.Thetestpiecesareheatedinafurnacehavinganoxidizingatmosphere,ataprescribedratetoaspecifiedtemperaturewhichismaintainedforaspecifiedtime.Aftercoolingtoambienttemperature,thetestpiecesaremeasuredagain,andth
15、epermanentchangeindimensionsiscalculated.5 Apparatus5.1 Furnace,eitherelectricorgas-fired,capableofheatingthetestpiecesdescribedin6.2,inacontinuouslyoxidizingatmosphere,atthespecifiedrate(see7.6),andofmaintainingthetesttemperaturefortherequiredtime.Theuseofanelectricfurnaceisrecommended,butagas-fire
16、dfurnacemaybeusedprovidedthatthefurnaceatmosphereiscontinuouslyoxidizingandthereisprovisionformonitoringthiscondition.5.2 Thermocouples,minimumofthree,tomeasurethetemperatureandthetemperaturedistributionabovethespaceoccupiedbythetestpieces.5.3 TemperatureZtimeregistrationdevice,foruseinconjunctionwi
17、ththethermocouples(5.2),sothatacontinuousrecordofthetemperatureisobtained.5.4 Length-measuringinstrument,toenablemeasurementstobemadeofthedistancebetweenoppositefacesofthetestpiecestoanaccuracyof051mm.EXAMPLESVerniercallipers,adial-gaugecomparatororelectronicdigitalgauge.5.5 Dryingoven,preferablyfan
18、assisted,havingopeningswhichpermitefficientventilation,andcapableofbeingcontrolledat1105.6 Testpieces6.1 SamplingThenumberofitems(e.g.bricks)tobetestedshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithasamplingplanagreedbetweenthepartiesconcerned.SeeforexampleISO5022.6.2 Preparationoftestpieces6.2.1 Onetestpiece,co
19、mprisingarectangularprismhavingapproximatedimensions100mm114mm76mm,or100mm114mm64mm,shallbecutfromeachitem.NOTEWherethesizeoftheitempermits,morethanonetestpiecemaybetaken.6.2.2 If5becauseofthesizeoftheitem,atestpiececannotbecuthavingthedimensionsspecifiedin6.2.15arectangulartestprismshallbeobtainedb
20、ycuttinga100mmlengthfromtheitem,andthewidthandthicknessofthetestpieceshallbemeasuredandrecorded.NOTEStandardrectangularbricksinaccordancewithISO5019-1haveawidthof114mmandathicknessof76mmor64mm.6.2.3 Thetwooppositefacesofthetestpiece(100mmapart)shallbeplaneandparallelbeforethetest.7 Procedure7.1 Dryi
21、ngofthetestpiecesDryeachtestpieceinthedryingoven(5.5)at1105toconstantmass.7.2 MeasurementoftestpiecesMakefourmeasurementsoneachtestpiece,tothenearest0,2mm5ofthedistance,Lb,betweenthetwooppositefacesnominally100mmapart.Maketwoofthesemeasurementsparalleltothecentrelines(EFandGHinFigure1)ofthetopandbot
22、tomfacesofthetestpieces,approximately15mminfromtheedgesofthosefaces,andtwoparalleltothecentrelines(ABandCD)ofthefrontandrearfacesofthetestpiece,approximately15mminfromtheedgesofthosefaces.Markthemeasurementpositionswithrefractorypaint.DimensionsinmillimetresKey1markedmeasurementpositions,15mmfromfac
23、eoftestpiece2supportingpiece(see7.3)Figure1Positionofmeasurementsandmountingofthetestpiecesinthefurnace1.3 MountingoftestpiecesinthefurnacePlacethetestpiecesinthefurnace(5.1),eachonerestingona100mm76mm(or100mm64mm)faceandprotectedfromdirectradiationinanelectricallyheatedfurnaceorfromtheflameofthegas
24、burnerinagas-firedfurnace.Donotsuperimposetestpiecesoneonanother.Toallowfreecirculationofthehotgases,thetestpiecesshallbeseparatedfromeachotherbyadistanceofnotlessthan50mm5andshallbenotnearerthan70mmtothewallsofthefurnace.Thetestpiecesshallbeplacedinthefurnaceonbricks,30mmto65mmthick,ofthesamemateri
25、alasthetestpieces,laidflatontheapicesoftwosupportsoftriangularcross-section,20mmto50mminheightandabout80mmapart,asshowninFigure1.1.4 TesttemperatureAsuitabletesttemperature,suchas750orahighertemperatureinmultiplesof50shallbeused.1.5 TemperaturemeasurementanddistributionUsingatleastthreethermocouples
26、placedawayfromthewallsofthefurnace,awayfromtheheatersandsoasnottobeincontactwithanyflames,measureandrecordthetemperaturedistributionoverthelimitsofthespaceoccupiedbythetestpieces.Thevariationshownbetweenthethermocouplesshallnotbegreaterthan10oC.1.6 HeatingRaisethetemperatureinthefurnaceatoneofthefol
27、lowingrates.a) Fortesttemperaturesupto1250:Ifromambienttemperatureupto50belowthetesttemperature:between5oCmiand10oCmi;Iforthelast50:between1oCminand5oCmin.b) Fortesttemperaturesabove1250:Ifromambienttemperatureupto1200:between5oCminand10oCmin;Ifrom1200upto50belowthetesttemperature:between2oCminand5o
28、Cmin;Iforthelast50:between1oCminand2oCmin.c) Forgas-firedfurnaces,fortesttemperaturesgreaterthanorequalto1500:Ifromambienttemperatureupto1200:between5oCminand20oCmin;Ifrom1200upto50belowthetesttemperature:between2oCminand5oCmin;Iforthelast50:between1oCminand2oCmin.Forsilicainsulatingproducts,theheat
29、ingrateinthetemperaturerangefromambienttemperatureupto500shallnotexceed1oCmintoavoidcracking.1.7 MaintenanceoftesttemperatureMaintainthetemperaturerecordedoneachofthethreethermocouples(5.2)towithin10ofthetesttemperatureforaperiodof12h.Recordthemeanofthesethreetemperaturesastheactualtesttemperature.1
30、8 SamplingoffurnaceatmosphereSampletheatmosphereofgas-firedfurnacesinthevicinityofthetestpiecesatsometimeduringtheheatingperiodspecifiedin7.6and7.7,anddetermineitsoxygencontent.1.9 CoolingSwitchoffthefurnaceandallowittocoolatitsnaturalrate,withthetestpiecesbeingallowedtocoolinthefurnace.1.10 Measur
31、ementoftestpiecesafterfiringRecordtheappearanceofthetestpieces.Measurethedistancebetweenthetwooppositefacesofeachtestpieceasdescribedin7.2.Wherethemeasurementsaremadebeforethetestpieceshavecooledtoambienttemperature,thetemperatureofthetestpiecesshallbereported.8 ExpressionofresultsExpressthepermanen
32、tchangeindimensionsasthechangeindimensionofthebrick,L,calculatedasapercentageoftheoriginallength,L0,i.e.100LL0.Calculatethechangeateachofthefourmeasurementpositions.Reportincreasesinlengthaspositive(+)5anddecreasesasnegative().Reporttheindividualvaluescalculatedforeachtestpiece,togetherwiththemeanva
33、lue.9 TestreportThetestreportshallincludethefollowinginformation:a) allinformationnecessaryforidentificationofthesampletested,i.e.descriptionofthematerialtested(manufacturerandtype,batchnumber);b) areferencetothisInternationalStandard(ISO2477:2005);c) detailsofthemethodused,including1) thenumberofit
34、emstested(see6.1),2) thenumberoftestpiecesperitemorbrick(see6.2.1),3) thedimensionsofthetestpieces,theirpositionsinthebrick(see6.2),andthepresenceandlocationofanyfiredsurface,4) thetypeoffurnaceused(5.1),5) theoxygencontentofthefurnaceatmosphere,ifrequired(see7.8),6) theheatingscheduleused(see7.6),7
35、) thenominaltesttemperature(see7.4),8) theactualmeantemperature(see7.7),and9) theperiodattheactualmeantemperature(see7.7);d) theresultsofthetest,including1) theappearanceofthetestpiecesafterheating(see7.10),2) theresultsoftheindividualdeterminationsandthemeanvalueofthepercentagelinearchange,indicati
36、ngwhetherpositiveornegative,calculatedasspecifiedinClause8foreachtestpieceandeachitem,and3) thetemperatureofthetestpiecesifaboveambientwhenremeasured;e) thenameofthetestingestablishment;f) anydeviationsfromtheprocedurespecified;g) anyunusualfeatures(anomalies)observedduringthetest;h) thedateofthetes
37、t.Bibliography1ISO836,Terminologyforrefractories2 ISO5019-15Refractorybricks-Dimensions-Part1:Rectangularbricks3 ISO5022,ShapedrefractoryproductsSamplingandacceptancetesting4 EN1094-6,InsulatingrefractoryproductsPart6:DeterminationofpermanentchangeindimensionsofshapedproductsonheatingICS81.080Pricebasedon6pages
