1、PDISO/PAS18940-1:2025ImagingmaterialsImagepermanencespecificationofreflectionphotographicPrintSforindoorapplicationsPart1:Testmethodsbsi.NationalforewordThisPublishedDocumentistheUKimplementationofISO/PAS18940-1:2025.ItsupersedesPDISO/PAS18940-1:2023,whichiswithdrawn.TheUKparticipationinitspreparati
2、onwasentrustedtoTechnicalCommitteeCPW42,Photography.Alistoforganizationsrepresentedonthiscommitteecanbeobtainedonrequesttoitscommitteemanager.ContractualandlegalconsiderationsThispublicationhasbeenpreparedingoodfaith,howevernorepresentation,warranty,assuranceorundertaking(expressorimplied)isorwillbe
3、made,andnoresponsibilityorliabilityisorwillbeacceptedbyBSIinrelationtotheadequacy,accuracy,completenessorreasonablenessofthispublication.Allandanysuchresponsibilityandliabilityisexpresslydisclaimedtothefullextentpermittedbythelaw.Thispublicationisprovidedasis,andistobeusedattherecipientsownrisk.Ther
4、ecipientisadvisedtoconsiderseekingprofessionalguidancewithrespecttoitsuseofthispublication.Thispublicationisnotintendedtoconstituteacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.ThispublicationisnottoberegardedasaBritishStandard.TheBritishStandardsInstitution2025PublishedbyBSIStandardsLimited
5、2025ISBN9780539366983ICS37.040.20CompliancewithaPublishedDocumentcannotconferimmunityfromlegalobligations.ThisPublishedDocumentwaspublishedundertheauthorityoftheStandardsPolicyandStrategyCommitteeon31May2025.Amendments/corrigendaissuedsincepublicationDateTextaffectedPDISO/PAS18940-1:2025PubliclyAvai
6、lableSpecificationISO/PAS18940-1Secondedition2025-05ImagingmaterialsImagepermanencespecificationofreflectionphotographicprintsforindoorapplications一Part1:TestmethodsMateriauxpourimageSpecificationrelativealapermanencedeimagedestiragesphotographiquesparreflexionpourapplicationsinterieuresPartie1:Meth
7、odesdessaiReferencenumberISO/PAS18940-l:2025(en)COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2025Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,orrequiredinthecontextofitsimplementation,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingo
8、ntheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO,smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCP401Ch.deBlandonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone:+41227490111Email:copyrightiso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandPageCo
9、ntentsForewordIntroductionv1 Scope12 Normativereferences13 Terms,definitionsandabbreviations23.1 Termsanddefinitions23.2 Abbreviations24 Requirements25 Testprocedures25.1 Outline25.2 Testtarget25.3 Lightstabilitytest45.4 Ozonegasstabilitytest45.5 Thermalstabilitytest45.6 Humidityfastnesstestinhighhu
10、miditycondition46 Measurement47 Dataprocessingandgraphcreation57.1 Dataprocessing57.2 Calculationofcolourdifference57.3 Graphreporting67.3.1 General67.3.2 Lightstability77.3.3 Ozonegasstability87.3.4 Thermalstability97.3.5 Humidityfastnessinhighhumidityconditions108 Reporting118.1 Internalrecording1
11、18.2 Reportingforexternalcommunications12Bibliography14ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubj
12、ectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmentabinliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardiz
13、ation.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentshouldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Par
14、t2(seewww.iso.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）
15、patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.However,implementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatwww.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinfo
16、rmationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISOsadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTo)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(T
17、BT),seeWWW.isoQrgisoforeword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC42,Photography.Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO/PAS18940-1:2023),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.Themainchangesareasfollows:一editorialmodificationsforclarificationbasedonthecommentsontheDPASofthefi
18、rstedition.AlistofallpartsintheISO18940seriescanbefoundontheISOwebsite.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.Acompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.org/membnrs.htmLIntroductionTestmethodsformeasurementoftheimagepermanenceforfourimportantenviron
19、mentalstressfactorsforindooruseofphotographsaredescribedinthefollowingInternationalStandards:一ISO18936forthermalstability;一ISO18937(allparts)forlightstability;一ISO18941forozonegasstability;一ISO18946forhumidityfastness;ISO18949forlowhumiditytesting.HumiditytestingaccordingtoISO18946specifieshighhumid
20、itytestconditionstotestforimagefastness(resistancetocolorantmigration).HumiditytestingaccordingtoISO18949specifieslowhumiditytestconditions,whichcanbeobservedinhotaridclimatesandduringwinterincontinentalclimates.Theimportanceoflowhumiditydependsontheenvironmentalconditionsofthespecificusagecase.Test
21、ingaccordingtoISO18949isoptional.NOTEItisacknowledgedthatotherenvironmentalstressfactorscanbepresentduringindooruseofphotographsthanthefourmentionedbefore.Examplesareotheratmosphericgases,includingSOXandNO,thepresenceofwhichdependsonlocalfactorssuchastraffic,industryandheating.Mechanicalstressesarea
22、lsonotconsideredhere,asthesearetypicallyconsideredtobelowinthecontextofindoorconsumeruseofphotographsascomparedtocommercialapplications(seeISO/TS21139-1).Eachdocumentincludesvariantsofthetestmethods,testconditionsanddataanalysisprocedurestocoverdifferentpurposes.Forthepurposeofanoverallspecification
23、forindoorimagepermanenceperformance,itisnecessarytospecifywhichmethod,whichconditionandwhichdataanalysisproceduretoselect.Thisdocumentspecifiesthetestmethods,thetestconditionsanddetailsofthedataanalysis.Thisdocumentalsospecifieshowtocommunicatetheresultsobtainedbythesetestmethods.Thisdocumentspecifi
24、eswhichtestmethod,testconditionsanddataanalysisprocedureareselectedfromthoselistedinISO18936,ISO18937(allparts),ISO1894LandISO18946.Inaddition,thisdocumentalsospecifiesthefirstlevelreportingoftheresultsfromtheaforementionedtestmethodsintermsofdataplots,whichisthemostgenericreportingmethod.Graphicalr
25、eportingaddressestheneedsofcommunicationonvariouslevels,includingtechnicalproductinformationondatasheets,internethomepages,leafletsandpostersdistributedattradeshows.Graphicreportingisakeyforthisdocument,asitprovidesthefoundationfordefiningend-pointcriteriaandspecificationsofimagepermanenceinotherpar
26、tsofthisdocument.AdditionalpartsoftheISO18940seriesarebeingenvisagedasfutureworktodefinestandardizedevaluationpointcriteriaononehandandtypicalenvironmentalconditionsontheother,sothat,typicalexpectationsforcolourchangesintheuseprofileconsumerhomearetakenintoconsideration.Theseadditionalpartsacknowled
27、gethattheactualexpectations,useconditions(displayand/orstorage,includingacertainlevelofprotection)aswellastheactualenvironmentalconditionsinaspecificinstanceoftheuseprofilemayvary.MoreinformationontheimagepermanenceissuesoftheconsumerhomeenvironmentcanbefoundinISOTR18942.PDISO/PAS18940-1:2025IHy4ULZ
28、UZbPuLhJyAVCi；IcILIPSppjfiLciLuiiISO/PAS18940-L202IHeu)ImagingmaterialsImagepermanencespecificationofreflectionphotographicprintsforindoorapplications一Part1:Testmethods1 ScopeThisdocumentspecifiesthetestmethods,testconditions,testtargetdesign,andanalysisproceduresfortheevaluationoftheimagepermanence
29、performanceofphotographicreflectionprints.TestsbasedonISO18936,ISO18937(allparts),ISO1894andISO18946characterizethethermalstability,thelightstability,theozonestability,andthehumiditystabilityofphotographicprints,respectively.Thisdocumentisapplicabletoanyphotographicreflectionprintproducedthroughadig
30、italstepintheworkflow.Itincludesprintscreatedbychromogenicsilverhalide,inkjet,electrophotography,thermaldiffusion,andothertechnologies.Withreferencetomonochromeprints,thisdocumentisrelevanttophotographicprintswheretheprintmaterialcontainscolorants.Thisdocumentisnotrelevanttomonochromesilverhalidepri
31、nts,oftenknownasblackandwhiteprints.Thedocumentspecifiesthecontentandprocedureforgraphicalreportingoftestresultsasafirstleveldatacollectionforbasictechnicalcommunicationofimagepermanenceperformanceofphotographicprints.Thisdocumentdoesnotincludeapplication-specificend-points,environmentalconditionsdu
32、ringpreservationanddisplayofphotographicprints,andtestdoses(durations,intensity).2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatestedit
33、ionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO13655,GraphictechnologySpectralmeasurementandcolorimetriccomputationforgraphicartsimagesISO18924,ImagingmaterialsTestmethodforArrhenius-typepredictionsISO18936:2020,ImagingmaterialsProcessedcolourphotographsMethodsformeasuringthermalstabil
34、ityISO18937-2:2023,ImagingmaterialsMethodsformeasuringindoorlightstabilityOfphotographicprintsPart2:Xenon-arclampexposureISO18941,ImagingmaterialsColourreflectionprintsTestmethodforozonegasfadingstabilityISO18944,ImagingmaterialsReflectioncolourphotographicprintsTestprintconstructionandmeasurementIS
35、O18946,ImagingmaterialsReflectioncolourphotographicprintsMethodfortestinghumidityfastnessISO/CIE11664-1,ColorimetryPart1:CIEstandardcolorimetricobserversISO/CIE11664-4,ColorimetryPart4:CIE1976L*a*b*colourspaceISO/PAS18940-l:2025(en)3 Terms,definitionsandabbreviations3.1 TermsanddefinitionsNotermsand
36、definitionsarelistedinthisdocument.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:一ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:/WWW.iso.org/obp一IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.electcopedia.org/3.2 AbbreviationsCIECommissionInternationaledeFeclairage(Internati
37、onalCommissiononIllumination)4 RequirementsTobeinaccordancewiththisdocument,theusershallprovidegraphicalreportingofimagepermanencetestingassociatedwithallfourenvironmentalstressfactorsrequiredinthisdocument,oneatatime,includinglight,heat,ozone,andhumidity.Iftheresultofoneormorestressfactorsisnotavai
38、lable,itshallbereportedthatthereisnoresultreportedforthatstressfactor.5 Testprocedures5.1 OutlineSamplestripswithprintedtesttargetsshallundergothelight,ozonegas,thermalandhumiditystresstestsdescribedin5.3,5.4,5.5,and5i6respectively.Tomaintaintheaccuracyandprecisionofeachtest,itiscrucialtoadheretothe
39、specifiedtestconditionsineachsection.Toensureconsistencyintestsconductedondifferentdays,itisrecommendedtoincludeareferencesampleofthesametypeforeachtest.5.2 TesttargetForlight,ozoneandthermalstabilitytests,thetesttargetshallconsistofthe24patcheswithsRGBvaluesdefinedinTabIe1.Therequirementsforprepara
40、tion,printing,handlingandmeasurementofthetesttargetasdefinedinISO18944apply.Whenpreparingthetesttargetprints,thesRGBvaluesofTabIe1areusedtoconstructthetestpatchesinsteadofthesRGBvaluesdefinedinISO18944:2018,5.3.2andAnnexA.TesttargetsforhighhumiditytestingaredefinedinISO18946.Anexampleoftesttargetdes
41、ignisshowninFigure1.NOTE1ThistesttargetwascreatedbasedonISO18944:2018,TableA.l.However,inordertoreducethetestload,thenumberofpatcheswasreducedfrom113to24,includingthreenewlyaddedbrownpatches.Table1Colourpatchofthetesttarget-RGBvaluesofinputsignalin8bitNumberNameofcolourpatchDigitalvaluein8bitRGB1dar
42、kyellow255255322mediumyellow255255643lightyellow2552551284darkmagenta255322555mediummagenta255642556lightmagenta255128255Table1(continued)NumberNameofcolourpatchDigitalvaluein8bitRGB7darkcyan322552558mediumcyan642552559lightcyan12825525510darkblue646425511darkgreen642556412darkred255646413black00014
43、darkgrey32323215mediumgrey-164646416mediumgrey-212812812817lightgrey19219219218white25525525519darkbrown131552620mediumbrown2041157721lightbrown23017917922lightblue12812825523lightgreen12825512824lightred2551281281314Iq19NOTEThepatchnumbersinthefigureareonlygivenforinformationastoprovideavisualassoc
44、iationwiththesRGBvaluesin亍able1andareremovedwhenprinting.Figure1ExampleofthetesttargetdesignInadditiontographicallyreportingthemeasurementresultsfromthefadingofthesolidpatches,itisalsousefultoaddactualphotographicimageprintstothefadingtest,toshowhowtheappearanceofthephotographicimagechanges.Photogra
45、phicimagesshouldincludeavarietyofcolours,greysandpossiblyskintonesofdifferentcolourhues.Theseimagesshouldalsoincludearangeofprintdensityvaluesfromshadowstohighlightsandtonesinbetween,consideringtheprimaryuseoftheproductandtherelevantmarket.Forhumiditystabilitytest,thetesttargetstipulatedinISO18946sh
46、allbeused.NOTE2Forhumiditystabilitytests,atesttargetisrequiredthatconsistsnotonlyofcontinuouslyfilledcolourpatches,butalsoofpatcheswithfinepatternsofnestedcoloursquarestocheckwhetherthecolorantsblurormigrate.ThetesttargetdescribedinISO18946isthereforeused.Whenconductingthetest,therearetwomethodstoco
47、nsidera) usingonetestspecimencontinuouslywhilemeasuringitduringalltheexposures,orb) preparingtestspecimensforallsamplingpointsandusingadifferenttestpieceforeachsamplingpoint.ISO/PAS18940-l:2025(en)Inthelattercase,thetestpiecesshouldbemeasuredbeforeexposuretoensurethereisnosignificantvariationbetweeneachspecimen.Iftherearevariationsbetweenthespecimens,methoda)shouldbeapplied.1.3 LightstabilitytestThetestprocedureforgeneralindoordisplaystipulatedinISO18937-2:2023,7.2,
