1、ISOPubliclyAvailableSpecificationISO/PAS18940-1Secondedition2025-05ImagingmaterialsImagepermanencespecificationofreflectionphotographicprintsforindoorapplications一Part1:TestmethodsMateriauxpourimageSpecificationrelativealapermanencedeimagedestiragesphotographiquesparreflexionpourapplicationsinterieu
2、resPartie1:Methodesd,essaiReferencenumberISO/PAS18940-l:2025(en)COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2025Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,orrequiredinthecontextofitsimplementation,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotoco
3、pying,orpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO,smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCP401Ch.deBlandonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone:+4122749Ol11Email:copyrightiso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublishedinS
4、witzerlandContentsPageForewordivIntroductionv1 Scope12 Normativereferences13 Terms,definitionsandabbreviations23.1 Termsanddefinitions23.2 Abbreviations24 Requirements25 Testprocedures25.1 Outline25.2 Testtarget25.3 Lightstabilitytest45.4 Ozonegasstabilitytest45.5 Thermalstabilitytest45.6 Humidityfa
5、stnesstestinhighhumiditycondition46 Measurement47 Dataprocessingandgraphcreation57.1 Dataprocessing57.2 Calculationofcolourdifference57.3 Graphreporting67.3.1 General67.3.2 Lightstability77.3.3 Ozonegasstability87.3.4 Thermalstability97.3.5 Humidityfastnessinhighhumidityconditions108 Reporting118.1
6、Internalrecording118.2 Reportingforexternalcommunications12Bibliography14ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbod
7、yinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmentabinliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrot
8、echnicalstandardization.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentshouldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO
9、/IECDirectives,Part2(seewww.iso.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnotr
10、eceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.However,implementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatwww.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedin
11、thisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISOsadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTo)principlesintheTechnica
12、lBarrierstoTrade(TBT),seeWWW.isoQrgisoforeword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC42,Photography.Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO/PAS18940-1:2023),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.Themainchangesareasfollows:一editorialmodificationsforclarificationbasedonthecommen
13、tsontheDPASofthefirstedition.AlistofallpartsintheISO18940seriescanbefoundontheISOwebsite.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.Acompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.org/membnrs.htmLIntroductionTestmethodsformeasurementoftheimagepermanenceforfo
14、urimportantenvironmentalstressfactorsforindooruseofphotographsaredescribedinthefollowingInternationalStandards:一ISO18936forthermalstability;一ISO18937(allparts)forlightstability;一ISO18941forozonegasstability;一ISO18946forhumidityfastness;ISO18949forlowhumiditytesting.HumiditytestingaccordingtoISO18946
15、specifieshighhumiditytestconditionstotestforimagefastness(resistancetocolorantmigration).HumiditytestingaccordingtoISO18949specifieslowhumiditytestconditions,whichcanbeobservedinhotaridclimatesandduringwinterincontinentalclimates.Theimportanceoflowhumiditydependsontheenvironmentalconditionsofthespec
16、ificusagecase.TestingaccordingtoISO18949isoptional.NOTEItisacknowledgedthatotherenvironmentalstressfactorscanbepresentduringindooruseofphotographsthanthefourmentionedbefore.Examplesareotheratmosphericgases,includingSOandNO,thepresenceofwhichdependsonlocalfactorssuchastraffic,industryandheating.Mecha
17、nicalstressesarealsonotconsideredhere,asthesearetypicallyconsideredtobelowinthecontextofindoorconsumeruseofphotographsascomparedtocommercialapplications(seeISO/TS21139-13).Eachdocumentincludesvariantsofthetestmethods,testconditionsanddataanalysisprocedurestocoverdifferentpurposes.Forthepurposeofanov
18、erallspecificationforindoorimagepermanenceperformance,itisnecessarytospecifywhichmethod,whichconditionandwhichdataanalysisproceduretoselect.Thisdocumentspecifiesthetestmethods,thetestconditionsanddetailsofthedataanalysis.Thisdocumentalsospecifieshowtocommunicatetheresultsobtainedbythesetestmethods.T
19、hisdocumentspecifieswhichtestmethod,testconditionsanddataanalysisprocedureareselectedfromthoselistedinISO18936,ISO18937(allparts),ISO1894LandISO18946.Inaddition,thisdocumentalsospecifiesthefirstlevelreportingoftheresultsfromtheaforementionedtestmethodsintermsofdataplots,whichisthemostgenericreportin
20、gmethod.Graphicalreportingaddressestheneedsofcommunicationonvariouslevels,includingtechnicalproductinformationondatasheets,internethomepages,leafletsandpostersdistributedattradeshows.Graphicreportingisakeyforthisdocument,asitprovidesthefoundationfordefiningend-pointcriteriaandspecificationsofimagepe
21、rmanenceinotherpartsofthisdocument.AdditionalpartsoftheISO18940seriesarebeingenvisagedasfutureworktodefinestandardizedevaluationpointcriteriaononehandandtypicalenvironmentalconditionsontheother,sothattypicaexpectationsforcolourchangesintheuseprofileconsumerhome1aretakenintoconsideration.Theseadditio
22、nalpartsacknowledgethattheactualexpectations,useconditions(displayand/orstorage,includingacertainlevelofprotection)aswellastheactualenvironmentalconditionsinaspecificinstanceoftheuseprofilemayvary.MoreinformationontheimagepermanenceissuesoftheconsumerhomeenvironmentcanbefoundinISOTR18942.Imagingmate
23、rialsImagepermanencespecificationofreflectionphotographicprintsforindoorapplications一Part1:Testmethods1 ScopeThisdocumentspecifiesthetestmethods,testconditions,testtargetdesign,andanalysisproceduresfortheevaluationoftheimagepermanenceperformanceofphotographicreflectionprints.TestsbasedonISO18936,1SO
24、18937(allparts),ISO18941,andISO18946characterizethethermalstability,thelightstability,theozonestability,andthehumiditystabilityofphotographicprints,respectively.Thisdocumentisapplicabletoanyphotographicreflectionprintproducedthroughadigitalstepintheworkflow.Itincludesprintscreatedbychromogenicsilver
25、halide,inkjet,electrophotography,thermaldiffusion,andothertechnologies.Withreferencetomonochromeprints,thisdocumentisrelevanttophotographicprintswheretheprintmaterialcontainscolorants.Thisdocumentisnotrelevanttomonochromesilverhalideprints,oftenknownasblackandwhiteprints.Thedocumentspecifiestheconte
26、ntandprocedureforgraphicalreportingoftestresultsasafirstleveldatacollectionforbasictechnicalcommunicationofimagepermanenceperformanceofphotographicprints.Thisdocumentdoesnotincludeapplication-specificend-points,environmentalconditionsduringpreservationanddisplayofphotographicprints,andtestdoses(dura
27、tions,intensity).2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO136
28、55,GraphictechnologySpectralmeasurementandcolorimetriccomputationforgraphicartsimagesISO18924,ImagingmaterialsTestmethodforArrhenius-typepredictionsISO18936:2020,ImagingmaterialsProcessedcolourphotographsMethodsformeasuringthermalstabilityISO18937-2:2023,ImagingmaterialsMethodsformeasuringindoorligh
29、tstabilityOfphotographicprintsPart2:Xenon-arclampexposureISO1894LImagingmaterialsColourreflectionprintsTestmethodforozonegasfadingstabilityISO18944,ImagingmaterialsReflectioncolourphotographicprintsTestprintconstructionandmeasurementISO18946,ImagingmaterialsReflectioncolourphotographicprintsMethodfo
30、rtestinghumidityfastnessISO/CIE11664-1,ColorimetryPart1:CIEstandardcolorimetricobserversISO/CIE11664-4,ColorimetryPart4:CIE1976L*a*b*colourspaceISO2025-Allrightsreserved3 Terms,definitionsandabbreviations3.1 TermsanddefinitionsNotermsanddefinitionsarelistedinthisdocument.ISOandIECmaintainterminology
31、databasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:一ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:/WWW.iso.org/obp一IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.elect】OPediaQrg3.2 AbbreviationsCIECommissionInternationaledeFeclairage(InternationalCommissiononIllumination)4 RequirementsTobeinaccordancewithth
32、isdocument,theusershallprovidegraphicalreportingofimagepermanencetestingassociatedwithallfourenvironmentalstressfactorsrequiredinthisdocument,oneatatime,includinglight,heat,ozone,andhumidity.Iftheresultofoneormorestressfactorsisnotavailable,itshallbereportedthatthereisnoresultreportedforthatstressfa
33、ctor.5 Testprocedures5.1 OutlineSamplestripswithprintedtesttargetsshallundergothelight,ozonegas,thermalandhumiditystresstestsdescribedin5.3,5.4,5.5,and5i6respectively.Tomaintaintheaccuracyandprecisionofeachtest,itiscrucialtoadheretothespecifiedtestconditionsineachsection.Toensureconsistencyintestsco
34、nductedondifferentdays,itisrecommendedtoincludeareferencesampleofthesametypeforeachtest.5.2 TesttargetForlight,ozoneandthermalstabilitytests,thetesttargetshallconsistofthe24patcheswithsRGBvaluesdefinedinTabllLTherequirementsforpreparation,printing,handlingandmeasurementofthetesttargetasdefinedinISO1
35、8944apply.Whenpreparingthetesttargetprints,thesRGBvaluesofTabIe1areusedtoconstructthetestpatchesinsteadofthesRGBvaluesdefinedinISO18944:2018,5.3.2andAnnexA.TesttargetsforhighhumiditytestingaredefinedinISO18946.AnexampleoftesttargetdesignisshowninFigure1.NOTE1ThistesttargetwascreatedbasedonISO18944:2
36、018,TableA.l.However,inordertoreducethetestload,thenumberofpatcheswasreducedfrom113to24,includingthreenewlyaddedbrownpatches.Table1Colourpatchofthetesttarget-RGBvaluesofinputsignalin8bitNumberNameofcolourpatchDigitalvaluein8bitRGB1darkyellow255255322mediumyellow255255643lightyellow2552551284darkmage
37、nta255322555mediummagenta255642556lightmagenta255128255Table1(continued)NumberNameofcolourpatchDigitalvaluein8bitRGB7darkcyan322552558mediumcyan642552559lightcyan12825525510darkblue646425511darkgreen642556412darkred255646413black00014darkgrey32323215mediumgrey-164646416mediumgrey-212812812817lightgr
38、ey19219219218white25525525519darkbrown131552620mediumbrown2041157721lightbrown23017917922lightblue12812825523lightgreen12825512824lightred2551281281314Iq19NOTEThepatchnumbersinthefigureareonlygivenforinformationastoprovideavisualassociationwiththesRGBvaluesin亍able1andareremovedwhenprinting.Figure1Ex
39、ampleofthetesttargetdesignInadditiontographicallyreportingthemeasurementresultsfromthefadingofthesolidpatches,itisalsousefultoaddactualphotographicimageprintstothefadingtest,toshowhowtheappearanceofthephotographicimagechanges.Photographicimagesshouldincludeavarietyofcolours,greysandpossiblyskintones
40、ofdifferentcolourhues.Theseimagesshouldalsoincludearangeofprintdensityvaluesfromshadowstohighlightsandtonesinbetween,consideringtheprimaryuseoftheproductandtherelevantmarket.Forhumiditystabilitytest,thetesttargetstipulatedinISO18946shallbeused.NOTE2Forhumiditystabilitytests,atesttargetisrequiredthat
41、consistsnotonlyofcontinuouslyfilledcolourpatches,butalsoofpatcheswithfinepatternsofnestedcoloursquarestocheckwhetherthecolorantsblurormigrate.ThetesttargetdescribedinISO18946isthereforeused.Whenconductingthetest,therearetwomethodstoconsidera) usingonetestspecimencontinuouslywhilemeasuringitduringall
42、theexposures,orb) preparingtestspecimensforallsamplingpointsandusingadifferenttestpieceforeachsamplingpoint.Inthelattercase,thetestpiecesshouldbemeasuredbeforeexposuretoensurethereisnosignificantvariationbetweeneachspecimen.Iftherearevariationsbetweenthespecimens,methoda)shouldbeapplied.5.3 Lightsta
43、bilitytestThetestprocedurefor“generalindoordisplaystipulatedinISO18937-2:2023,7.2,shallbeused.Thelightintensityshallbeselectedwithinarangeof50klxto80klx.Theirradianceshallbecontrolledbyilluminance(Ix)lorbyirradiance(Wm2)at420nm.Whenirradianceiscontrolledat420nm,theilluminancelxshallbemeasuredbeforea
44、ndafterthetest,andtheaverageilluminancevalueshallbeusedfordataprocessing.NOTEThisdocumentappliesthegeneralindoorexposurecondition,inwhichopticalfilterssuchasL37orSC37withahalf-cutwavelengthof370nmareapplied.Thisconditioncorrespondstothelightspectrumofatypicalhome.Thein-window-displayconditionstipula
45、tedinISO18937-2:2023,7.3,whichusesawindowglassfilter,doesnotapply.ItisrecommendedtocheckthereciprocitybehaviourasdetailedinISO18937-1.Ifthisisnotpossible,itshallbereportedthattestingforreciprocitybehaviourwasnotdone.5.4 OzonegasstabilitytestThetestprocedurestipulatedinISO18941shallbeused.Thestandard
46、environmentalcondition,i.e.temperatureof23andrelativehumidityof50%RH,shallbeselected.Inaddition,80%RHconditionmaybeused.TheozoneconcentrationshallbeLOPPml5.5 ThermalstabilitytestForthermaltesting,thetestprocedurewithconstantrelativehumidityat50%RHandwiththefree-hangingmethodshallbeused,asstipulatedi
47、nISO18936:2020,7.2.4.The70%RHconditionmaybeappliedasanadditionaloption.NOTEHighhumiditysimulatestheconditionofstorageplacesinregionsoftheworldwheretheclimateincludesSemitropicalortropicalconditions.5.6 HumidityfastnesstestinhighhumidityconditionThetestprocedureofMethodB(Multiplehumidityconditions)stipulatedinISO18946shallbeused3.Itisrecommendedstartingwithhigherhumidityandsteppingdowntolowerhumiditytoreducethenumberoftests:Ifaprintpassesthetestatacertainhumiditycondition,thereisnoneedtodothetestsatlowerhumid
