1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The British aristocracy had always been involved in industrialization, especially in the development of mining, canals, and railways. It now shrewdly associated itself with the new wave of commercial expansion: most banks and insura
2、nce companies had a lord to add tone to the managerial board. It also shored up its fortunes by astute marriages, notably with the new aristocracy of wealth in the United States; the best-known example was the marriage of the duke of Marlborough to Consuelo Vanderbilt. By these means, many of the gr
3、eat aristocratic estates were preserved despite agricultural decline. But they were playthings as well as engines of wealth, and came to be treated as such. The aristocracy came to be known to the urban population chiefly through their representation in the popular press and magazines as men and wom
4、en of leisure: racing, hunting, shooting, and fishing in the country, gambling and attending the season in London. In a population for which leisure was becoming increasingly important, this did not make the aristocracy unpopular.1.In the second sentence of this passage, had a lord to add tone to th
5、e managerial board means that _.2.The “astute marriages” in the passage refers to marriages between _.3.Judging from the content of the passage, Consuelo Vanderbilt was _.4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?问题1选项A.the banks and insurance companies would hire a lord on the board to give advic
6、e to their managementB.having lords involved in the management gave the banks or companies a very good public imageC.lords worked for the banks and insurance companies to bring in more profitsD.it had become a fashion to have a lord on the managerial board of a bank or a company问题2选项A.British aristo
7、cracy and rich American entrepreneursB.old British aristocratic families and newly knighted aristocracy of wealthC.aristocratic families and new business families of money and enterprisesD.big landlord families in the British countryside and rich American tycoons of industry问题3选项A.Male, and from a r
8、ich business family in the United SatesB.Female, and from a British wealthy family of industryC.Male, and from a rich industrial family of BritainD.Female, and from an entrepreneur family in America问题4选项A.The 19th-century British aristocrats were treated as decorations in public life and were used t
9、o make money by press.B.The 19th-century British aristocrats were toys of the rich capitalists and were made to earn profits for them.C.The 19th-century British aristocrats acted as playmates of people in pleasure-seeking such as hunting, fishing, and shooting.D.The 19th-century British aristocrats
10、were popular figures in advertisements because they lived a leisurely life.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.语义题。题干：在这段话的第二句中，“had a lord to add tone to the management board”的意思是_。通过全文可知贵族“they were playthings as well as engines of wealth”，让他们进入商界只是为了良好的公众形象。因此B选项符合题意。2.细节题。题干：中所说的“精明的婚姻”是指_。文中提到，贵族涉足商业
11、的一种方式是银行和大企业管理层中有贵族任职，还有一种方式就是通过在美国和财富新贵结婚维持自己的财富。因此C选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：从这篇文章的内容判断，Consuelo Vanderbilt是_。根据关键词定位到第三句的实例，例证贵族也会通过精明的婚姻来维持财富，结婚对象是Duke“公爵”。因此D选项符合题意。4.判断推理题。题干：下列哪种说法是对的？文中说到，贵族是受人摆布的人，又是创造财富的工具，与A选项符合。2.单选题Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite（ ）in the receptive and me
12、chanical forms of the waltz.问题1选项A.lackedB.lackingC.for lack ofD.lack of【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。空格处词语用来修饰前面的dance，所以是形容词性。lack 与dance之间是主动关系，因此应使用动词的现在分词形式来修饰。因此B选项符合题意。3.单选题It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.问题1选项A.butB.norC.asD.like【答案】C【解析
13、考查固定用法。not so muchas“与其说是不如说是”。句意：与其说语言不如说是文化背景使这本书难以理解。因此C选项符合题意。4.单选题Harvard is committed to ongoing communication and cooperation as project plans are_.问题1选项A.maintain, shapingB.maintaining, shapingC.maintain, shapedD.maintaining, shaped【答案】B【解析】考查词语辨析。句中存在一个固定表达be committed to +n./doing“致力于；献身于
14、因此排除A和C选项。过去分词表示已完成，现在分词表示正在进行。根据句意：哈佛大学致力于在项目计划进行过程中保持交流与合作。因此B选项符合题意。5.单选题Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected（ ）the unconscious （ ） their psychology. No one can shield himself（ ）such an influence.问题1选项A.on. by. atB.by. for. inC.from. in. onD.through. with. from【答案】D【
15、解析】考查固定搭配。infect sb. with sth. “用感染”是固定搭配；shield from“庇护使免遭”也是固定搭配；through表示感染渠道。因此D选项符合题意。6.单选题2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade.（1 ）was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry revenues have been（2 ）for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as
16、fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe thats because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been （3 ） intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly （4 ） copies. These days, high-quality copies are （5 ）. According to the Pew Internet project
17、 people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.Id like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice wont do much harm. But even as Ive heard over the past decade that things werent （6 ）bad，that the music industry was moving to a new, better b
18、usiness model, each years numbers have been worse. Maybe its time to admit that we may never find a way to（7 ） consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.（8 ）8 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong
19、instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesnt always （9 ） that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract. “The nature of intellectual property，” he wrote，“ makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic （10 ） that keep(s) us from taki
20、ng each others things. ”问题1选项A.AsB.SameC.ThusD.So问题2选项A.stagnatingB.decliningC.increasingD.stultifying问题3选项A.takingB.robbingC.stealingD.pirating问题4选项A.upgradedB.inferiorC.ineffectiveD.preferable问题5选项A.numerousB.ubiquitousC.accessibleD.effortless问题6选项A.soB.thisC.thatD.much问题7选项A.satisfyB.helpC.reconc
21、ileD.equate问题8选项A.BasedB.CapitalizingC.ReflectingD.Drawing问题9选项A.match up withB.fill inC.fit intoD.set up问题10选项A.constraintsB.consciousnessC.normD.etiquette【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:C第9题:C第10题:A【解析】（1）考查固定用法。前一句说到，2009年是唱片公司十年来最糟糕的一年。综合选项和句意，本句表示，2008，2007和2006年也一样。四个选项中只有so的用法符合要求，
22、so+助动词/情态动词/be动词”结构表示“也一样”。因此D选项符合题意。（2）考查动词辨析。stagnate“使淤塞；停滞”；decline“下降；衰退”；increase“增加；增长”；stultify“使变无效、无价值”。根据前文的“the worst year”可知本句依然表示消极意义，也就是industry revenues依然在下降。因此B选项符合题意。（3）考查动词辨析。前一句中提到“illegal downloads stagnate”，说明本句的动作是属于违法行为，对于音乐不存在抢劫和偷盗行为，只有pirate“盗用；剽窃”符合语义。因此D选项符合题意。（4）考查形容词辨析
23、upgraded“提升的，改善的”；inferior“差的，下级的”；ineffective“无效的；不起作用的”；preferable“更好的”。前面部分提到几个世纪以来，一直有人在盗用知识产权，也就是在生产复制品，而盗版做出的复制品肯定会有质量问题，因此空格处应填“劣质的（复制品）”。因此B选项符合题意。（5）考查形容词辨析。numerous “许多的”；ubiquitous“普遍存在的”；accessible“易接近的”；effortless“容易的，不费力气的”。文中提到，以前的盗版产品很耗时间，与现在形成对比，现在是轻而易举的事情。因此D选项符合题意。（6）考查词语辨析。本句句意：
24、正如我过去十年里听说的那样，情况并没有那么糟糕。糟糕的情况是指上文提到的，所以用that代替。so只能指代刚刚提及的事物（同一句或接近语句）。因此C选项符合题意。（7）考查固定搭配。本句句意：也许是时候承认，我们可能永远无法找到一种方式，想要享受免费娱乐的消费者与那些想要获得报酬的创作者。句中的who want free entertainment是consumer的定语从句，因此句中存在sb. with sb.的结构，而选项中只有reconcile有这个用法，表示“使与协调”。因此C选项符合题意。（8）考查动词辨析。based on“基于”；capitalizing on“有效利用”；ref
25、lecting on“反思”；drawing on“借鉴，借助于”。句意：最近，计算机神经科学家Anders Sandberg了这个问题。对于问题，与之搭配的自然是反思。因此C选项符合题意。（9）考查词组辨析。match up with“和相配”；fill in“填充”；fit into“适合；与融为一体”；set up“建立”。本句中提到，虽然我们对所有权有强烈的本能感觉，但知识产权并不总是那框架。这里选用表示轮廓合适的“fit into”更合适。因此C选项符合题意。（10）考查名词辨析。constraint“约束，局促”；consciousness “意识”；norm“标准”；etique
26、tte “礼节，规矩”。空格后的定语从句用来修饰空格中次，从句中的动词keepfrom就等同于词义，因此A选项符合题意。7.单选题Todays recyclers can now conceivably lay claim to a rich, bloody, brawny heritage, if a new Viking discovery is any indication. The famed Norse warriors, many of whom settled parts of eastern and northern England in the Middle Ages, re
27、cycled as they fought, new excavations in the United Kingdom suggest.An 11th-century metalworking site recently discovered in the city of York is likely evidence of a makeshift recycling center, where Vikings took weapons for reprocessing after battle, according to historian Charles Jones, organizer
28、 of the Fulford Battlefield Society, which advocates preserving the battle site against potential development.Jones and his team have found hundreds of pieces of ironwork including axes, sword parts, and arrowheads along with lumps of melted-down iron and the remains of smelting pits. “ We found sev
29、eral smithing hearth bottoms the remains of the molten metal which dribbles down during the reprocessing of the weaponry ironwork,n he told the York Press. “The iron finds support the idea that metal was gathered and recycled in the area just behind where the fighting took place,” Jones said. The ar
30、tifacts are currently undergoing X-ray analysis at the University of York. The universitys Soren Sindbaek said the tests should reveal whether the corroded items were forged using Norse ironwork, which involved using distinctive alloys of soft iron and hard steel. “The Vikings were very skillful met
31、alworkers,” said archaeologist Sindbaek. “Their weaponry is famous for the way iron is treated. Any metal was a precious material that would be recycled，” he said. “Whoever won a fight in this period would collect what was left on the battlefield.”Though he knows of no other battlefield examples of
32、Viking recycling，evidence of reuse of metal and other materials has been found at other Viking sites, Sindbaek said. Recent excavations in York, which was captured and settled by the Scandinavian seafarers in 866，for instance, show that Vikings recycled boats for building material for houses and eve
33、n sidewalks.Jones believes Vikings forces worked on the metal in 1066 after defeating English warriors at the Battle of Fulford, a village long since subsumed by the expanded city of York. The historians team believes the Vikings were forced to abandon their recycling work five days later by a secon
34、d English attack, the Battle of Stamford Bridge, led by Englands King Harold II. The Viking leader in the battle, King Harold III of Norway, was killed and his forces routed. The English king lost his own life the following month, when his war-weary troops were defeated at the Battle of Hastings by
35、William, Duke of Normandy, who became the new English king.Project leader Jones, author of The Forgotten Battle of 1066: Fulford, is an amateur historian, and many of the artifacts were uncovered not during professional archaeological excavations but by metal-detector enthusiasts. But that “doesnt a
36、t all devalue” the discovery, said archaeologist Allan Hall of the University of York. The Fulford Battlefield Society is “working in close co-operation with the archaeological establishment，” Hall said. “Archaeology has a long tradition of amateurs taking part.”1.What is said about todays recyclers
37、 at the beginning of this passage?2.Which of the following is true about the 11th-century metalworking site recently discovered inthe city of York?3.What had archaeologists known about Viking recycling before the weapon recycling center was discovered?4.What is special about the village of Fulford?5
38、What do we know about the Fulford Battlefield Society?问题1选项A.They recycle things that are discovered at the Viking settlements.B.They are as rich, bloody and brawny as their Viking ancestors.C.They may have inherited the recycling tradition from the Vikings.D.They recycle the same things that the V
39、ikings recycled.问题2选项A.It was an ironwork recycling center far away from the battlefield.B.Weapons and other utensils were reprocessed here by the Vikings.C.Evidence shows that the weapons recycled here were left by the enemy in the battle.D.The pieces of ironwork found in this site are being analyz
40、ed in order to know what exactly they were made of.问题3选项A.The Vikings recycled metal and other materials for daily use.B.The Vikings only recycled metals because they were precious.C.The Vikings were the only people at that time who used alloys in reprocessing weapons.D.Recycling centers were usuall
41、y found behind the battlefields.问题4选项A.It is near the city of York but was not included in the city in history.B.A battle took place here in 1066 after which the Viking recycling center was built to reprocess weapons.C.The Vikings defeated the English army twice here in the year 1066.D.It was the lo
42、cation of the battle between King Harold II and Duke of Normandy.问题5选项A.It is an organization of professional and amateur historians.B.It strives for preserving the Viking recycling site against potential development.C.It assisted professional archaeologists in the excavation of the Viking recycling
43、 center.D.It is an amateur organization cooperating closely with professional archaeologists.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：在这篇文章的开头，关于今天的回收者说了些什么？本文第一段最后一句提到“The famed Norse warriors, many of whom settled parts of eastern and northern England in the Middle Ages, recycled as they fought
44、 new excavations in the United Kingdom suggest”，著名的北欧战士维京人就是边打仗边回收利用，说明今天的回收者可能是从维京人继承而来。因此C选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：关于最近在约克市发现的11世纪金属加工遗址，下列哪一项是正确的？文章第二段第一句提到了11世纪金属加工遗址。文中对此的描述是“where Vikings took weapons for reprocessing after battle”，与B选项对应，因此B选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：在发现武器回收中心之前，考古学家对维京人的回收利用了解多少？文中的Charles
45、 Jones即aechaeologist考古学家，文中引用了“The iron finds support the idea that metal was gathered and recycled in the area just behind where the fighting took place”，对应D选项的内容，因此D选项符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：富尔福德村有什么特别之处？第五段提到“Vikings forces worked on the metal in 1066 after defeating English warriors at the Battle of Ful
46、ford, a village long since subsumed by the expanded city of York”，可知1066年在这里发生了战役，维京人在这里开始回收武器。因此B选项符合题意。5.细节推理题。题干：我们对福尔福德战场了解多少？文章最后一段说到“The Fulford Battlefield Society is “working in close co-operation with the archaeological establishment”，提取关键词“合作”，还提到“Archaeology has a long tradition of amateurs taking part”，与A选项的“amateur historians”对应，因此A选项符合题意。8.单选题Australia is struggling to cope with the
