最新2013年人教版七年级上册英语语法知识名师优秀教案.doc

2013年人教版七年级上册英语语法知识7.It looks nice . 看上去很好。 单县实验中学学案 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来，smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来、吃起来), feel(感觉) . 七年级上册英语语法知识 2013-12 萧东来 四、宾语:动作、行为的对象 英语的十大词类. 1.I like China. 我喜欢中国。(名词) 词类 英语名称 意义 例词 2.You can help me. 你能帮助我。(代词) 名词 Noun (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 boy, pencil, book, two. 你们需要多少,我们需要两个。(数词) 3.How many do you need? We need 冠词 Article (art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指 a (an), the 4. I like playing soccer. 我喜欢踢足球。 (动名词) 的人或事物 5.I want to have an apple. 我想要吃个苹果。 (不定式) 代词 Pronoun (pron.) 用来代替名词 we, that, his, what 双宾语-间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物) 形容词 Adjective (adj.) 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征 old, red, fine, good Toms mother buy him some books. 汤姆的妈妈给他买了一些书。 数词 Numeral (num) 表示数量或顺序 one, thirteen, first, ninth 五、宾补:对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 动词 Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 look, go, be(am, is, are) We will make them happy. 我们将让他们高兴。(形容词) 副词 Adverb (adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 not, too, here, often His father help him to do his homework. 他的父亲帮他做家庭作业。(带to不定式) 介词 Preposition (prep.) 表示名词、代词等和其他词的关系 in, on, of, to, under 六、定语:修饰名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 连词 Conjunction (conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语 and, or, but 1. He is a Chinese teacher. 他是个语文老师。(名词) 或句与句 friend. 他是我们的朋友。(代词) 2. He is our 感叹词 Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感 oh, hello, hi 3. I have three books. 我有三本书。 (数词) 4. He is a good student. 他是个好学生。(形容词) 英语句子成分:组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、5.The boy in red is my brother. 穿红衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介词短语) 定语、状语、补足语等。 七、状语:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或 句子。 表示行为发生的时间、地点、原因、一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 目的、结果、程度、条件、方式等。 1. Bob has a soccer ball . 鲍勃有一个足球。 (名词) 1.I go to school at seven oclock. 我在七点钟上学。 2.He likes dancing.他喜欢跳舞。(代词) 2.He reads the book in the room.他在房间里看书。 二、谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，谓语一般是动词。 3.I dont like thrillers because they are scary. 我不喜欢恐怖片因为它们太吓人了。 1.We study English. 我们学习英语 13 冠词 :冠词是置于名词之前。冠词分为不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种。零冠2. He is asleep. 他睡着了。 词指的是不用冠词的情况。 不定冠词表示“一”，定冠词表示“这个，那个，这些，哪些”。 三、表语(predicative):表示主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，表语前面的动词称为系动词。 不定冠词的用法-1 “系动词+表语”一块称为谓语。 不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音开头的词前，"an"用在以元音 开头的词前。1. He is a teacher.他是个老师(名词 判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。 2. Five and five is ten. 五加五等于十(数词) 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示"一" 3.He is asleep.他睡着了 (形容词) There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 4.His father is in. 他的父亲在家 (副词) an apple ,an orange ,an English boy , 5.The picture is on the wall. 画在墙上。 (介词短语) 你还能写出一些前边用an 的词吗, 6.That sounds good 那听起来很好。 _1 _ 一般现在时表示现在的状态，如:He is 12. She is at home. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作， 如:I go to school at 7:30 every day. 不定冠词的用法-2 表示主语具备的性格和能力等，如:She likes apples. They know English. 用在某些表示数量的词组中: 动词的种类 a lot of 许多 a pair of 一双 动词分为四种:连系动词, 实义动词, 助动词, 情态动词 定冠词的用法 1)连系动词:词义不完全，要和后面的表语一块构成谓语。 be (am, is are)是，sound听起来，look看起来 1) 用于指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 如She is my sister. Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 That sounds interesting .听起来很有趣。 2) 用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”) 2)实义动词，有实际意义的动词，能单独做谓语。如 see, ask, like I have a pencil , the pencil is green . 我有一支铅笔，这支铅笔是绿色的。 I like bananas. 3) 用在序数词前 January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 3)助动词:本身没有词义，帮助实义动词一起构成否定句，疑问句。如 do，does I dont like chicken . 4) 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 Does he like apples ? the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 5) 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the 4)情态动词;本身具有一定意义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 can,能，会，must ,必须，情态动词后一定要用动词原形。 I can speak English . 零冠词的用法 1) 专有名词前一般不加冠词 I must find it . 我一定要找到它 Tom 汤姆 China 中国 Europe 欧洲 动词be的用法 2) 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词 January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节be 的用法口诀 National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它; 比较: .on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨. (表示某一个。) 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 3)三餐、四季前一般不加冠词 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 I have lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。 4)球类运动不加冠词 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球 Be动词专项练习 用am, is, are 填空: 1. I _ a student. _ you a student? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jack's sister. 时态概说 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这种动词的不同4. The man _ a teacher. 形式称为时态。 5. _ your brother in the classroom? I am 14 this year. 今年我14 岁。 I was 13 last year.去年我13 岁。 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. He plays soccer every day.他每天都踢足球。 He played soccer yesterday.昨天他踢足球了。 7. How _ your father? 英语中共有16 种时态，常用的有9种。 8. Jane and Tom _ my friends 一般现在时 2 9. Where _ my pen ? 3. Jane is a girl. ? Jane _ a girl. 10. Where _ my books ? 4. They like English. ? They _ like Chinese 11. That _ my red skirt. 5. I come from China. ? I _ come from China. 12. Who _ I? 6. He likes Chinese. ? He_ like Chinese. 13. The jeans _ on the desk. 7. Maria comes from Cuba. ?Maria_ come from Cuba. 14. Here _ a photo of my family . 8. We know Maria. ? We _ know Maria 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black book _ for Su Yang. .肯定句变一般疑问句 二17. This pair of socks_ 20 dollars. 句子中有be，把be提到句首 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 1) I am a student. ?Are you a student? 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 2) They are blue. ?Are they blue? 20. How much _ the skirt? 3) He is Tom. ?Is he Tom? 21 How much _ the trousers ? 2.谓语是动词原形，在句首加do。 22. My sister's name _Nancy. 1).I have a book . ?Do you have a book? 23. _ David and Helen from England? 2) They like Chinese . ?Do they like Chinese? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 3) We come from China. ?Do you come from China? 25. You, he and I _ from China. 3.谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加Does，动词用原形。 1) She has a basketball . ?Does she have a basketball? 句型转换的方法 2) Maria likes China. ? Does Maria like China? .肯定句变否定句 Does Jane come from the U.S.A? 一3) Jane comes from the U.S.A. ?1.句子中有be，在be后加not。 4) She knows Maria. ? Does she know Maria? ) I am a student. ? I am not a student. 练习:将下列句子变成一般疑问句。 1. I am a teacher. _ _ a teacher? 2) They are blue . ? They arent blue. 2. They are students. _ _ students? 3) He is Tom. ? He isnt Tom 3. Jane is a girl. _ _ a girl? 2.谓语是动词原形，在动词前加dont。 4. They like English. _ they like English? ) I have a book . ? I dont have a book. 5. I come from China. _ you come from China? 2) They like Chinese . ? They dont like Chinese. 6. He likes Chinese. _ he_ Chinese? 3) We come from China. ? We dont come from China. 7. Maria comes from America. 3谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加doesnt，动词用原形。 _ Maria _ from America? 1)She has a basketball. ?She doesnt have a basketball 8. We speak Chinese. _ you_ Chinese? 2)Maria likes China. ? Maria doesnt like China. 3)Jane comes from the U.S.A. ?Jane doesnt come from the U.S.A. 三.一般疑问句做肯定,否定回答 1.Are you Maria ? 练习:将下列句子变成否定句。 1. I am a teacher. ? I _ a teacher. 肯定回答:Yes , I am. 2. We are students. ? We _ students. 否定回答:No, Im not. 3 Yes,_ _. No, _ _ . . 2.问句和答语的动词保持一致. 1) Are you a student? 4. Does Maria like China? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _. 肯: Yes, I am. 否: No, Im not. 2) Is he Jack ? 5. Is Jenny a student? Yes , _ _ No , _ _ . 肯:_. 否:_. 3) Do they like Chinese? 6. Is that a girl? Yes , _ _No , _ _. 肯:_. 否:_. 4) Does she have a basketball ? 7. Are those telephones? Yes , _ _ No , _ _ . 肯:_. 否:_. 8. Does Tom know Jane? 3.问句和答语中的主语保持一致。(必须用主格) 1) Is Jane from the U.S.A? Yes , _ _ No , _ _. 9. Do they come from the U.S.A? 肯:Yes, she is. 否:No，she isnt. 2) Does Li Hua come from China? Yes , _ _ No , _ _. 10. Is this an egg? 肯:_. 否:_. 3) Do Jane and Maria like China? Yes , _ _ No , _ _ _. 否:_. 肯:4) Is this a ruler? .对划线部分提问. 四肯:_. 否:_. 口诀:一选二变三问号: 5) Is that a desk? 一选是分析句意，先选疑问词，代替划线部分(划线部分去掉)，二变是把剩余部分变成一般肯:_. 否:_. 疑问句(疑问词作主语时除外)，第三步加上问号。 6) Are these books? 练习 :对划线部分提问 1. The shoes are black _ 肯:_. 否:_. 7) Are those pencils? 2. She is my teacher. _ 3 My keys are on the sofa. _ 肯:_. 否:_. 8) Are these erasers? 4. Lily is in the classroom. _ 5. I am fine. _ 肯:_. 否:_. 9) Is that an orange? 6. That boy is Tom. _ 10. Her telephone number is 88828539. _ 肯:_. 否:_. 11. The skirt is 12 dollars _ 12. She is 12 years old. _ 练习:给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。 1.Are you a student? 13. His name is Jim Green ._ Yes, _ _ . No, _ _ . 14. My birthday is on December,24_ 2. Do they like English? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _ . 1.My name is Nancy. _ _ your name? 3. Is Jane a girl? 2.I am from China. _ _ you from? 4 3.I am fine . _ are you? 8.Those are cars. _ _ _ _ . 4. Miss.Wang is our English teacher. _ is your English teacher? 六. 仿照例句改写下列句子。 5.Lucy is ten years old. _ _ are you? She is in the classroom . 6. It is yellow . _ _ is it, 否定句: She is not in the classroom. 7.My telephone number is 5805000. 一般疑问句: Is she in the classroom? _ _ your telephone number? 回答:Yes, she is. (No, she isnt) 8.They are cars . _ are they? 1. I am a student . 9.This is my cap. _ cap is this? 否定句:_ 10.My favorite movie star is Bruce Lee. 一般疑问句:_ _ is your favorite movie star ? 肯、否定回答:_ 2. This is my book. 五.同义句转换. 否定句:_ 1.Please give Jane the book. 一般疑问句:_ Please _ the book _ Jane. 肯、否定回答:_ 2. This is my book. This book is _ 3. They are on the desk. 3. He has short hair. _ _ is short. 否定句:_ 4. My ruler is not long. My ruler is_ 一般疑问句:_ 5. This jacket is not new. This jacket is _ 肯、否定回答:_ 6.My English teacher is old . 4. The pen is red. My English teacher is not _. 否定句:_ 六.单复数转换. 一般疑问句:_ 1.将下列句子变成复数. 肯、否定回答:_八(改写句子 It is a box . _ _ _ _ . 1. Those are my books. This is a ruler. _ _ _ _. 否定句:_ That is an eraser. _ _ _ _. 一般疑问句:_ He is a student. _ _ _ _. . 肯、否定回答:_ 2.将下列句子变成单数。 变单数:_ 1.They are pencils. _ _ _ _ . 划线部分提问:_ 2.These are erasers. _ _ _ _ . 2. She is my good friend. 3.They are boys. _ _ _ _ . 否定句:_ 4. They are girls . _ _ _ _ . 一般疑问句:_ 5.Those are books. _ _ _ _ . 肯、否定回答:_ 6.These are desks. _ _ _ _ . 变复数:_ 7.These are boxes. _ _ _ _ . 划线部分提问:_ 5 3. The pen is in the desk. 1.Eric has some nice photos. 否定句:_ ?变一般疑问句_ 一般疑问句:_ ?肯定回答 _ 肯、否定回答:_ ?否定回答 _ 变复数:_ ?否定句 _ 划线部分提问:_ ?对划线部分提问_ 2.Her friends have many books. ?变一般疑问句_ 动词have , has 的用法 ?肯定回答 _ 用法一. have强调所属关系，主语常为人或物。意为“有” ?否定回答 _ 当主语是第三人称单数，并且只有当句子为肯定句时，动词“有”用has，当主语不是第三人称?否定句 _ 单数时，以及否定句和疑问句中用一律用have ?对划线部分提问_ 3.Our school has a library. 一(用have或has填空: 1. She_ some balls. ?变一般疑问句_ 2. They_ a nice garden. ?肯定回答 _ 3. Miss Li doesnt_ an English book. ?否定回答 _ 4. What does Mike_? ?否定句 _ 5. My father_ a story-book。 ?对划线部分提问_ 6. My parents dont_ any nice pictures. 4.Lucy has an orange skirt. 7. Davids friends_ a basketball. ?变一般疑问句_ 8. David_ some jackets. ?肯定回答 _ 二(仿照例句句型转换: ?否定回答 _ 1.We have a baseball. ?否定句 _ ?变一般疑问句 Do you have a baseball ? ?对划线部分提问_ ?肯定回答 Yes ,I do . 用法二. Have和has除了意思为“有”外，还可以表示“吃或喝” ?否定回答 No , I dont . 1.吃早饭 _ 2.吃午饭 _ 3.吃晚饭_ ?否定句 We dont have a baseball . 用法三Have也可以和表示某种活动的名词连用，意为“举行” ?对划线部分提问 What do you have ? 7.上课 _ 8.举行生日聚会_ 2.David has a ruler . 句型转换 1. I have some fish for lunch every day. ?变一般疑问句 Does David have a ruler ?(注意has变成 have) ?肯定回答 Yes , he does . ?变一般疑问句_ ?否定回答 No , he doesnt ?肯定回答 _ ?否定句 David doesnt have a ruler . (注意has变成 have) ?否定回答 _ ?对划线部分提问 What does David have? (注意has变成 have) ?否定句 _ 练习: ?对划线部分提问_ 6 2.Lily has apples for dinner. ?变一般疑问句_ ?变一般疑问句_ ?肯定回答 _ ?肯定回答 _ ?否定回答 _ ?否定回答 _ ?否定句 _ ?否定句 _ ?对划线部分提问_ 4. His father likes pears. ?对划线部分提问_ ?变一般疑问句_ ) 动词like 的用法 ?肯定回答 _ (三仿照例句句型转换: ?否定回答 _ 1.They like ice cream. ?否定句 _ ?变一般疑问句 Do they