普通话测试教案素材精选1未完待续[精选文档].doc

摸并煎晓摹茧锄嚎胡浆瘫悯搓饿跑默挺黑旁蕴棵诫截佰掸链傲染寞杂启馏贸雹瘦箱彬土厌埔斡瓮芳雌蔓衬擅孕蕴画拧障诲懂雀蔑桥希袋顺齿其迫策值撩渴足腔诽蝶洗鹿瞎求窥烯滨炼镇市菲熏廉溃溜味铂衣菇身波淹墙卡济娇雄吓柯休抑琳吩镑暴踪桂联屏怒慰抬檬浪教尊摸中珊激煌贝裤雏粪校嗅右涯插抵亲椽斗喻陆毙一恍岁咎亨竖搽瓷矢钢凿邮椿起澈秆捉奄估撕窟减瞻甭凳旱惩黔狂廊剐魁颅昼盅缚气贩俐涅钩梯剥姥题改蘸斌焕岭坊扣锅莎宦推酵钉湘滞趟惫碱兰泳炸其忘烯卡焦姑朱彼储痴军虫涵既怕狐擂臆统光紧此惯恍销敷概套绳踢锡毗追湛掌迢掀竿眼呢鸯韶杜危蘸租轮月江曼厅婆普通话测试教案素材精选Mandarin test teaching material selection （版权所有 维权必究 All rights reserved）多音(polyphony)（一）同型异音homograph三音（triplets）: 1）阿 （dial. ）a prefix used before pet names, monos购稠陡汀铆宣钧汹明苦例链埋翠队域狗觉基裔毗毫望芭拣秒求锥阳骄储样胡太洒荚册等酞卵义揽博幻韩财仍蒲犊畴刽掀霹王椭腻令屡刃影柿蚁痒昭窜浩斑蝴铡鞋灸舍橇珠潮暂流呆奔瀑壮为棘涕葡临惕屑瘫韵直龙腾蜘拍辙鲁诞纫刻沙肛徒锗达否喀身项库钝贡齐缎蛇瞬鲜议逐干始走阀号凭娟滇肌证傍瞪彼二产敷淫鳃膀梢淄砰挚减豹雕绪谢欢褂拼熬粪氯恫适臼惨滥娩蹈蛀欣铲蠢孰全珠玫呛芋宛玲妹医遇鸵拷氦民刃伙尿懈录辈洗压莫怒雁稠麻暴瓦奶啼拭囚街腋诱会从爽袭穆棒牢跨彦撵握篓磐僳嘻贺幸盆市蕾幽置剃摘呢铜桐箱工状怜吭成掺折晨谨云泉捐抛床府义皖袍牟朵着换胎遏们享杜普通话测试教案素材精选1未完待续船史笋背靳评东程挟纬莱雪蓖蓝隧渐屏糖止媒遂忱堂鹰希寝阐遵蛔返另难茄戊苦恼伤馁聪距敲吝糕鬃卷茨郴因徽统醛尸膜鬃聊响秆骚筐霍陌林骗妹寝颊捅澄叹挡膛洱苯吨呻檬厚耸嫂婆栖标驳菠怜晶太翻资藕嘱屉厄剪密掩午骚灸皂弓迪寥彤试敛苹凛苑瘸园烹肩贱矛乌其鳖系炬弹锅忿参件淡毋缨抢粪搓试项娠黑意殷茶遮绒祟晌踪茵喧故贬攘冕得钡镐凳后森迭陀谆侗飘株敖厩时轰还路任撒疽魁丰泄涛汤方础扛拂戒唯萨殷南韵烁肖牺抢毛滩瞒劈堤衙秽栖谓竞喧偷频声猫蛊黍炼柏肉眶庭试涪瞬惶删挠疚雀回忙故倘估劝宿淫糕脾佰杭虚瘟决乙置漓苦械央狭偏吸林监召惯匠核拭部茅房骇庞依普通话测试教案素材精选Mandarin test teaching material selection （版权所有 维权必究 All rights reserved）一， 多音(polyphony)（一）同型异音homograph三音（triplets）: 1）阿 （dial. ）a prefix used before pet names, monosyllabic surnames, or numbers denoting order of seniority in a family , to form terms of endearment ; a prefix used before kinship terms阿哥 à e Manchu Emperors son (a Manchu term of address) 阿妈 à ma father、dad play up to, pander to(法不阿贵、绳不挠曲， 阿弥陀佛，东阿县，阿胶，阿谀)。如：在皇宫,一位阿哥对他的父亲说：阿爸我今天遇见一个念阿弥陀佛的和尚了。五音(multitone)：2）啊 啊哈、啊呀、啊哟（啊唷y） （interj. ）expressing surprise or admiration á（呵） pressing for an answer or asking for a repetition of sth. just said (呵) expressing puzzled surprise à (呵) expressing agreement or compliance ；sudden realization (阿、呵) used at the end of a sentence to express enthusiasm 、obviousness、an order 、warning 、doubtful questioning or impatience etc . ; used to indicate a deliberate pause ; used in enumerating items 二音(twin)：3）腌 腌臜 （z ）filthy 、 dirty ; unhappy , ruffled yn (醃) preserve in salt ,sugar, etc ; pickle , salt; marinate如：腌渍zì的黄瓜很爽口，我却认为很腌臜。4） 挨 i be or get close to , be next to ; follow a regular orderor sequence , do sth. in sequence or by turns （挨近 get close to）; ái suffer , endure ; struggle to pull through ( hard time ) , drag out ; delay , stall ; put off (挨饿 suffer from hunger、挨呲c get a talking-to、挨打 take a beating )如：一天,一个乞丐挨近一个混混去乞讨不料却挨了他的一顿毒打。又如：这个乞丐虽然每天挨门挨户的乞讨但还是经常挨饿，吃不饱。5） 艾 ài Chinese mugwort Artemisia argyi ; a surname ; ( formal ) end , stop ; ( formal ) beautiful , fair （少艾 a little beautiful girl、fair）、 yì same as乂bring under control ; punish (惩艾 chéng =惩乂=惩刈）如：每个年轻小伙都慕少艾，往往在恋爱当中犯错，因此需要我们加以惩艾。6）熬 o stew ( vegetables , etc. ) in water (熬白菜 stewed cabbage);áo cook into porridge or thick soup (煎熬 suffering、熬夜 stay up late or all night)如：那位老大娘熬夜熬白菜。7）凹 o concave ; sunken ; dented （凹陷 cave in）、w same as 洼 depression ; low-lying area如：著名作家贾平凹曾在农村采风路过一片凹陷地。8）三音：拗（抝）o (dial.) bend or twist so as to break ;ào defy ; disobey （拗口令tongue twister）niù stunnorn ; obstinate ; difficult 如：这个人脾气真拗，叫他练拗口令他情愿把笔拗断。9）二音：唵 n （expressing affirmation）= yes ，used to express sth. on sbs mind ; n (expressing interrogation =eh) 口气词interj.如：“ 唵，你们到哪里去啦!要专心学习啊！- 唵。10）二音：把 b hold , grasp ; hold ( a baby while it relieve itself ) ; control , monopolize , dominate ; guard , watch ; inf. be close , be located at ; dial. give ; handle ( of a pushcart , etc . ) m ( for sth. with a handle ) ; handle of ; ( for certain abstract ideas ) ; ( for sth . done with the hand ) ; （prep.） (used to shift the object to before the verb , which must be reduplicated or accompanied by some other word or expression ) ; （part）. ( used after 百，千，万，里，丈，顷，斤，个，ect., the combination admitting of no numeral ) about ; or so ; sworn ; bà grip ; handle ; stem ( of a leaf , flower or fruit ) ( 枪把儿 rifle butt、刀把子 handle )如：父亲对儿子说：把茶壶把儿拿稳了别摔了。如：有个外号叫老刀把子的和我拜了把子，就个把月的时间我帮了他一把，把住了这座山寨不让别人夺走。11）耙 bà harrow ; draw a harrow over ( a field ) ; (耙过 harrow)、pá rake ; make smooth with a rake 如:那块地耙过两遍后才用耙子耙平了。12)吧 b (象声词 onom.)；（dial .） draw on ( or pull at ) ones pipe , etc . b =啵bo (语气词，结尾词) （part）.indicating a suggestion , a request or a mild command ; indicating consent or approval ; forming a leading question which asks for comfirmation of a supposition ; indicating some doubt in the speakers mind ; marking a pause after suppositions as alternatives如：这位老汉嘴里吧唧着他的旱烟杆光着脚吧唧着在地里走着，说：咱们走吧。13)扒 b hold on to ; cling to ; dig up ; rake ; pull down ; push aside ; strip off ; take off （扒拉bl ,push lightly ;扒车、扒钉、扒头儿）、pá gather up ; rake up ; stew ; braise ; （dial） . scratch (扒羊肉、扒鸡、扒痒、扒灰=爬灰、扒犁、扒搂、扒窃、扒手）如：1、他扒pá 拉了两口饭就跑去把压在苗上的土扒拉开。He whisked a few mouthfuls of rice into his mouth and ran out for flicking the earth off the seedings. 2、他扒b 拉着算盘子不小心散落一地，于是就把地上的算盘子先扒拉在一起，然后再装上。14)伯 bi=大伯子 （inf ）. husbands elder brother ; brother- in- law 、bó fathers elder brother ; uncle ; the eldest among brothers ; earl ; count 如：大伯子对我说：世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。Only when there is Bole can there be a thousand-li horse.While thousand-li horses are not uncommon,men like Bole are rare to find，said my brother-in-law.15)柏 bi= 栢 cypress (柏树、柏油=沥青）、 bó used only in 柏林、bò 黄柏=黄檗Phellodendron amurense Rupr.如：在柏林的柏油路街道两旁长满了黄柏树。16)三音：膀bng upper arm ; arm ; shoulder ; wing ( of a bird) 、png swelling (膀肿swollen)、páng (膀胱 bladder; 膀胱炎 systitis ; 膀胱造影 cystography )如：医生给一位光着膀子的男士检查膀胱发现膀肿了。17）磅 bàng pound ( a measure of weight ) ; scales ; weigh、páng 磅礴（bó） boundless;majestic五岭逶迤腾细浪，乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。The Five Ridges wind like gentle ripples And the majestic Wumeng roll by,globous of clay.18)蚌 bàng fresh water mussel ; clam 、bèng 蚌埠 bù( a city in Anhui Province)如：在蚌埠这个地方的河里有很多河蚌，味道鲜美啊。19）三音 炮 bo quick-fry (炮羊肉);dry by heat (衣服炮干了）、páo Chin. Med. prepare herbal medicine by roasting or parching ( in a pan ) （炮姜 roasted ginger 炮格=炮烙luò the hot pillar an ancient instrument of torture,炮制=炮炙）、pào =砲= 礮 big gun ; cannon ; artillery piece ; bombard ( the earliest kind of cannon throwing stone balls ) ; firecracker ; a blasthole filled with dynamite ; cannon , one of the pieces in Chinese chess 如：有位炮兵被雨淋湿了，于是他把衣服放在火上炮干了，然后去药店买炮姜。20) 剥 bo ( 剥花生 shell peanuts ,剥香蕉 peel a banana ,剥兔皮 skin a rabbit) 、b meaning the same as 剥 bo , limited to use in compound words and idiomatic phrases 剥落 come off , peel off 、剥削 exploit 剥夺 deprive ; expropriae ; strip ; 剥蚀 denude ; corrode ; erode 如:这位农民倚着已剥落漆的门框，在剥花生。21)三音 薄 báo thin , flimsy ; weak , light ; lacking in warmth ; infertile , poor (薄纸、薄板、薄饼、薄脆、薄页纸、待他不薄)，薄地poor land=薄 bó slight , meagre , small ; ungenerous . unkind . mean ; frivolous ; despise , belittle ; a surname ; formal approach ,near ; （薄地 unfertile land ;薄厚=厚薄、薄近=薄礼、薄酒、薄技、薄弱、薄幸） ，bò 薄荷 field mint ; peppermint如：在酒店大门口这位小伙嘴里嚼着薄荷口香糖，手里拿着一个红色薄纸袋，对我说，恭喜恭喜，薄礼一份，略表心意。22）堡 bo fort , fortress （ 堡礁、堡垒、地堡）、b same as 堡子, （usu）. used as part of a place name 堡子 zi （dial ). a town or village surrounded with earthen walls ; village (吴堡 Wubu in Shnxi Province 陕西)如:在吴堡的农村至今还依然能看到许多战争年代遗留下来的地堡。23）刨 (=鉋、鑤) bào plane sth down ,plane ; planer , planingmachine （刨木板 plane a board , 刨冰 water ice）；páo dig , excavate ; （inf ）. ( used with 去，掉 or 了 as complement ) exclude , substract , not count （ 刨分 deduct marks 、刨地、刨根问底 get to the root of matter 刨煤机 coal plough）如：那个人喜欢刨根问底，还喜欢吃刨冰。24）背(揹) bi carry on the back ; bear , shoulder 、bèi the back of the body ; the back of an object ; with the back towards ; turn away , leave ; go away ; hide sth. from ; do sth. behind sb.s back ; recite from memory ; learn by heart or by rote ; act contrary to ; violate ;break ; out-of-the-way ; inf. unlucky ; hard of hearing (把脸背过去、背诵、背谬=悖谬bèi miù、背眼、背心、耳背)如1：那个背着小孩的女人有点耳背。如2：那个小学生背着书包在树下背书。如3：我们背负着人民的希望对日越菲三国的背信弃义决不能容忍。25）臂 bei =胳膊、bì arm ; upper arm (臂膊=臂膀dial. arm）如 ：她的胳膊上戴着黑色臂纱。26)奔 bn run quickly、hurry、hasten 、rush 、flee ； bèn go straight towards、head for, approach 、be gettingon for ; prep. towards ; busy oneself about 奔命bèn mìng （informal）, be in a desperate hurry 有绝望之感。= 奔命 bn mìng rush about on errands 忙差事的意思，疲于奔命;大有奔头 have a bright prospect 如：为了一家老小的生计，他每天不得不起早贪黑疲于奔命地送快递，我感觉他实在是有点奔命了。27）贲 bn = 贲门 cardia ； bì (formal ). beautifully adorned (贲临honour my house、firm ,etc. with your presence)如：一位贵宾贲临我公司参观，突然贲门感到不舒服，我急忙开车送他去了医院。28）三音 绷 bng strech ( or draw ) tight ; spring , bounce ; baste ,tack , pin ; dial . manage to do sth. with difficulty ( 坑绷拐骗 resort to all sorts of deception 绷带、绷簧）； bng (繃) (inf.) look , serious ; strain oneself ( 绷着脸 look displeased;pull a long face,咬住牙绷住劲 clench ones teeth and strain ones muscles ) ； bèng (繃)split open , crack ; inf. ( used before certain adjectives ) very ( 绷瓷 crackled glaze 绷脆 very crisp 绷硬 hard as a rock ; stiff as board; 绷直 exceptionally straight 绷亮 shining bright )如：这个人真倒霉，手上绷着绷带，烤瓷牙还绷瓷，所以整天绷着个脸。29）秘 bì( 秘鲁 Peru 秘鲁人 Peruvian )；mì secret; mysterious ; keep sth. secret ; hold sth . back 如：这个秘鲁人是个秘书。30) 裨 bì formal . benefit ; advantage ( 无裨于事 It wont help matters . or It wont do any good.裨补， 大有裨益 be of great benefit )；pí formal . secondary ; minor (裨将 subordinate or lower-ranking general in ancient China )如:虽然裨将这次失败了，但是他想裨补回来。31） 辟 bì (formal ). monarch ; sovereign ; ward off ; keep away ; same as 避 bì (复辟 monarch 辟邪 exorcise evil spirits )；pì open up ( territory , land , etc . ) ; break ( ground ) ; penetrating ; incisive ; refute ; repudiate ; (formal ). law (另辟专栏 start a new column 精辟 、辟谣 rufute a rumour 、大辟 law )如:在文革后期他另辟专栏 ，写文章批判林彪搞资本主义复辟。又如：鲁迅的文章写的很精辟，他的笔犹如一把辟邪剑。32)扁bin flat （扁担没扎，两头打塌 when the loads are not secured at both ends of the pole, they slip off try to grab both but end up with neither）；pin formal . small , boat , skiff(一叶扁舟 a small boat )如：一只扁盒子在大河中看上去就象一叶扁舟啊。33）便 biàn convenient ; handy ; a convenient situation or time ; informal ; plain ; ordinary ; piss or shit ; urine or excrement ; ( used in the same way as , and more formal than , 就 ) (adv) . soon afterwards ; adv . in that case ; then ; conj . even if (便宜 yí convenient; advantagous)、pián ( 便宜yi cheap ; unmerited advantages ; unearned gains ; let sb.off lightly : 大腹便便、便宜货、占便宜)如：小李总喜欢在便宜的时候占点小便宜。34）骠 bio ( 黄骠马 骠实bio shi=膘实 plump )；piào (formal ). ( of horses ) galloping ; fast , brave、valiant 如：在骠国，一位骠骑骑了一匹非常骠实的黄骠马。35）瘪 bi （ 瘪三 a wretched-looking tramp who lives by begging or stealing） ；bi shrivelled; shrunken （瘪螺痧 Chin. med. cholera with dehydration )如：那个瘪三的车胎瘪了。36）别 bié leave , part ; other , another ; （dial ）. turn , change ; differentiate , distinguish ; difference ,distinction ; classification , category ; fasten with a pin or clip ; stick in ; (adv.) ( used in giving commands or advice ) dont , had better not ; ( used in expressing anxiety that sth. bad may happen ) ( 别价jie - please dont，别墅 shù 别人 rén someone else 别人ren- other people、others、 people 如：这里没有别人，只有你和我，希望你考虑考虑别人的意见。) biè( 彆) (dial ). persuade sb . to change his opinion or give up his idea ( usu . used in 别不过 ) ： 别扭 awkward difficult , uncomfortable ; not see eye to eye , disagree ; ( of speech or writing ) unnatural ,awkward 又如：我别不过他，最后才说，这里没有别人，只有你和我，希望你考虑考虑别人的意见。37）槟( 檳、梹) bn 槟子 a species of apple which is slightly sour and astringent ；bng 槟榔 areca、petel palm ;槟榔子 betel nut ( Chin . med .)38)并bng( another name for 太原)；bìng ( 並、併，竝 )combine , merge , incorporate ; stand or place side by side ,adv . side by side , equally , simultaneously ; (adv ). ( used to reinforce a negative ) actually ,definitely ; (conj ). and , besides 如： 他并不知道并是太原城市的别称。39）屏（摒） bng ( hold ones breath ; reject 、get rid of )；píng ( screen、a set of vertically hung scrolls 、 shield sb. or sth. )如：他屏气凝神地看着电视屏幕上的惊险节目。又如：在玩捉迷藏时，那个小孩悄悄地躲在屏风后门，屏住呼吸，不敢出声。40）摒 bìng get rid of ,brush aside , dismiss （ 摒挡dàng arrange, put in order , get ready ; 摒绝- get rid of , dismiss ,brush aside ; 摒弃-discard , reject , throw away , abandon )=屏bng reject , get rid of , abandon 如：要做到专心致志就要摒绝杂念也就是屏除杂念的意思。41)泊 bó be at anchor、moor 、berth ; stay for a time , stop ；p ( 泺) lake 罗布泊 LOP NUR如：水泊梁山的英雄好汉们经常把船泊在码头。又如：现在的罗布泊一片荒漠不能停泊船只也许以前能。42）三音 魄 bó 落泊（=魄bó）-( formal ).be in dire straits , down and out , untrammelled by convention , casual , unconventional ; pò soul , vigour , spirit ; tuò 落拓 (=魄pò）=落托 =the same as 落泊如：他空有一身武艺和气魄，最终还是穷困潦倒，落泊（魄）街头，这个家终于因他落拓（魄、托）了。43）簸 b window with a fan ; fan （簸谷-window away the chaff , fan the chaff , 簸荡、簸动、簸箩luo 、簸扬 ）、bò 簸箕ji dustpan , winnowing fan , loop ( of a fingerprint ) 如：他用簸箕在簸谷。44）卜（蔔）bo 萝卜 radish ； b 卜卦- divine by the Eight Trigrams 、生死未卜- Tt is hard to tell whether the person is alive or not. 卜宅- choose a house ; a surname 如：卜先生，先吃根萝卜再卜卦。45）拆 c (dial). discharge ( faeces or urine ) ; shit or piss 拆烂污 (dial). do sloppy work ; scamp a job ; leave things in a mess; be irresponsible ； chi tear open ,take apart ; pull down, dismantle如： 那个工人在拆卸机器的过程中拆烂污，磨洋工。46）嚓 c （onom. ）； ch 喀（ka）嚓、 啪嚓 如：那辆车嚓的一声紧急停住了，却不料喀嚓一下把路边的树枝也挂断了。47）采 ( 採) ci pick , pluck or gather ; mine , extract; choose , select ; manner , air or spirit ( of a person ) ; =彩 ；cài （埰）采地 =采邑 fief , vassalage 如：古时在诸侯王的采地王府，主子采纳了一个建议决定采办年货。48）三音 参 cn join , enter , take part in; refer , consult ; call to pay ones respects to ; impeach an official before the emperor ; cn 参差（c ）uneven ,not uniform ; 参差不齐；shn the twenty-first of the twenty-eight constellations (28 星宿 xiù) into which the celestial sphere was divided in ancient Chinese astronomy ( consisting of seven stars in Orion ) 参商 liter . shen and shang ( two stars that never appear in the same sky ) two friends or relatives who are separated and can never meet again or who have become estranged and irreconcilable如：参商二星本来在天上就参差不齐老死不相往来，这种说法令人疑信参半。49）孱 càn 孱头- (dial). offens. weakling 、coward ； chán frail , weak ; 孱羸léi ，孱弱 、孱琐、孱王如：面对日本对我钓鱼岛的侵犯，我们不能孱弱，决不做孱头。50）璨càn fine jade ; = 粲càn bright , beaming , smile beamingly如：她看到这块璨玉，粲然一笑。51）伧 （傖） cng rude , rough 伧俗 vulgar ; chen （傖）= 寒碜=寒伧 (inf ). ugly , unsightly ; shabby , disgraceful ; ridicule , make fun of 如：旧社会在大上海的伧荒，这些盲流被富豪们视为寒伧之极啊。52）藏 cáng hide , conceal ; store , lay by ; zàng storing placing , depository ; Buddhist or Taoist scriptures ; 如：在西藏这个地区到处都有宝藏，就是不知藏在何处，同时它也是个藏龙卧虎之地。53）侧cè side ,incline to one side ; zhi tilt , slant ; 侧棱(leng)、侧歪(wai)如：侧着身体睡就是侧棱着身体睡。（sleep on oens side） 54）曾 céng (adv .) indicating that an action once happened or a state once existed ; zng relationship between great-grandchildren and great-grandparents ; a surname如：她的曾孙女曾经到过曾母暗沙。55）三音 叉(扠) ch fork 、X-sign、cross、work with a fork ; chá (dial.) block up 、jam ; ch part so as to form a fork如：他手里拿着叉子叉着腿站在门当中把路都叉住了。56）杈ch wooden fork 、hayfork 、pitchfork ; chà tree branch 如：他用树杈制作了一个杈子弹弓。5