最新新课标人教版英语必修1_2必背知识点名师优秀教案.doc

新课标人教版英语必修1_2必背知识点三、现在完成时考点例析 现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有: 一、考查其构成 "助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如: 1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she 析:陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。 2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析:already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。 3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 析:"so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。 二、考查其用法与标志词 (一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如: 1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I_ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 析:据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。 (二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如: 1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 析:主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。 2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 析:A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。 3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard 析:据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。 三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如: 1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 析:据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。 2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 析:本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。 四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如: 1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子) 析:非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为:Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句) _more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析:据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。 3. I won't go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming 析:因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。 一、持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。 常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。 二、瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。 常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法: (1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换 He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. (他参军已有3年了。)不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. (她起床已有好久了。)不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? (离家已有好久了吗,)不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系: 1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away(be not here) 5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in()或be amember 18、becomebe (2)用it issince结构来替换瞬间动词 例如:电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法) (1)The film has been on for five minutes. (2)Its five minutes since the film began. 他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法) (1)He has been away from Shanghai for three days. (2)It is three days since he left Shanghai. 这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法) Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了,(一种方法) How long is it since be found his sister? 4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如:I havent seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。) Unit 1 Great scientists I. Phrases 1. put forward 提出 2. draw a conclusion 得出结论 3. be/get under control 在控制下 be/get out of control失去控制，不能操纵 4. be absorbed in 专心 5. be to blame 应该受责备(用主动形式表示被动) blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 6. in addition 也，另外，此外 7. link.to. 将和连接或联系起来 8. die of 因而死亡(内因) die from 因而死亡(外因) 9. lead to 导致，通向 10. make sense 有意义，说得通 11. apart from 除之外，此外 12. contribute to 为作贡献或捐款，导致，有助于 13. be enthusiastic about 对热情 14. be curious about 对好奇 15. cure sb. of illness 治好某人病 16. point of view 态度，观点，看法 17.(be)strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 II. Sentences 1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 约翰?斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生,他的确太负盛名了，所以维多利亚女皇生孩子时都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。 2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助患病的普通老百姓，特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时，他就感到很振奋。 3. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。 4. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. 他知道，在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。 5. He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people. 霍乱之所以能致人于死，当时有两种看法，斯诺对这两种推测都很感兴趣。 6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。 7. He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct. 他相信第二种说法，但是需要证明他是正确的。 8. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来要归罪于饮用水了。 9. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used. 约翰?斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 10. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其它行星的运动才能说得清楚。 11. But only his new theory could do that. 看是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。 12. Yet Copernicus theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. 然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙赖以建立的基础。 Unit 2 The United Kingdom I. Phrases 1. consist of 由组成 2. divideinto 把分成 3. at war (with) (与)交战中 4. break away ( from ) 挣托(束缚);脱离 5. educational / legal system 教育 / 立法制度 6. have a good / bad influence on 对有好/ 坏影响 7. take the place of 代替 8. break down (机器)破坏，损坏;(人)身体出毛病;(计划等)受挫，失败 9. make an error 出错 10. leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑 11. puzzle over / about 为烦恼，困扰 12. debate sth. with sb. 与某人讨论、争辩 13. at your convenience 在你方便的时候 14. in / with relation to (介)关于;和相关 15. under construction 在建设中 II. Sentences: 1. There is no need to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries. 对于用来描述这四个国家的词语，现在已经没有争辩的必要了。 2. To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. 这三个国家惊奇地发现他们是和平地而没有通过战争联合起来了。 3. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom worthwhile. 如果你想要使你的英国之旅不虚此行，你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。 4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London . 由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。 5. It looked splendid when first built. 刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌。 6. What interested her most was the longitude line. 她最感兴趣的是那条经线。 7. Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you. 只要你方便，随时都可以来。 Unit 3 Life in the Future I. Phrases 1. make a deep/strong impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 impress sb. with sth.= impress sth. on sb.使人记住某事 2. take up 拿起/占用/接受/开始/从事/继续/选修 speed up 加速 sweep up 打扫 / 横扫 /掠过 use up 用光 come up 过来 eat up 吃光 sit up 熬夜 / 坐正 turn up 出现 / 开大(音/水量) 3. remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事 /提醒某人某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事 remind sb. that 提醒某人 4. as a result (of) 结果 5. suffer from 遭受 6. be similar to 和相似 7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事 8. the six of us 我们六人(共六人) 9. by/ for /through +( the / a ) lack of 由于的缺乏 be lacking in 缺乏(品质 /特点) lack for (否定句) 缺乏 10. in no time 很快,立刻 11. on ones feet (从病痛或挫折中)复原 12. in all directions 四面八方 13. Sb. lose / catch sight of . 看不见 / 看见 Sb. / Sth. be in / out of sight 看得见 / 看不见 at first sight 第一眼 at the sight of 一看见就 14. provided A with B 向A提供B 15. plenty of + u / c 许多 16. be previous to 早于 17. compare A with B compare A to B 把A与B作比较，把A比喻作B 18. for health reasons 出于健康原因 19. bend the rules 变通,放宽 20. on earth 究竟，到底 21. be under repair 在维修中 22. search for 寻找 23. assist sb. in /with sth. = assist sb. in doing sth. = assist sb. to do sth. 帮忙,协助某人去做某事 24. go soft 变软 25. speak in whisper 低声地说 26. be optimistic about 对乐观 27. switch on / off the power 开 /关电源 28.explain to sb. sth.= explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 29. give off 发出(光/热等) 30. get / be caught in 被困在中 31. require sb. to do sth. =require that sb. (should ) do sth.要求某人做某事 Sth. require doing / to be done 某物需要被 32. be supposed to do 应该 33. be equipped with 装备有 34. be essential for / to 对是必要的 II. Sentences: 1. Think about how many changes there have been in the last one thousand years . 想想近一千年来有多少变化。 2. What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome? 你认为，未来的人将已克服了什么问题, 3.The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. 空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。 4. Why not sit down and rest? = Why dont you sit down and rest? 为什么不坐下休息呢, 5. What three visits would you ask to go on if you were Li Qiang ? 如果你是李强，你想去哪三个地方看看, 6. Neither of these creatures is easy to talk to . 这两种生物都不容易与之交谈。 7. The dimpods have so many arms and legs that you cant tell which is which. 丁波兹有这么多的臂和腿，以致你无法区分哪些是手臂哪些是腿。 8. Everyone will get twice as much personal space as in flats on land. 每个人都将得到陆上公寓两倍的个人空间。 Unit 4 Making the News I. Phrases 1. be curious about 对感到好奇 2.be to do 必将 / 将要 / 应该 3.go out on a story 外出采访 4. on ones own 独自，*自己 of ones own 自己的 5. concentrate on 集中精力于 6. be of interest = be interesting 有趣的 7. bring with 随身携带 8. have a nose for 对非常敏感 9. depend on 依赖 10. a trick of the trade 职业诀窍 11. accuse sb. of sth.= charge sb. with sth. 指控某人做某事 12. so as to do sth.(句中) 为了 13. be supposed to have done 理应当 / 被认为做过某事 14. look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望做某事 15. be eager to do sth. /for sth. 渴望做/ 16. get the wrong end of the stick 完全搞错了 17. tell the whole truth 说出全部真相 18. ahead of 在前头 19. set (out)to do/ set about doing 着手做某事 20. pass on to 把传递给 21. make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会，预约 22. polish the style 润色语言风格 23. be / get absorbed in 专心于，集中精力于 24. in turn 依次，逐个地 25. defendagainst 为某人辩护 26. note down 记下 27.cover sth. / interview sb.报道某事 / 采访某人 28. do some research on 对做调查 29. work on 从事 30. last of all 最后 31. on purpose / by accident 故意地 / 偶然,意外地 32. arrange an interview (with sb. )安排采访 33. stick to 坚持 34. A rather than B A而不是B 35. account for 解释 36. through sb.s analysis 通过某人的分析 II. Sentences: 1. (倒装)Never will ZY forget his first assignment at the office of China Daily. 周阳永不会忘记他在中国日报报社当记者的首次任务。 2.(倒装)Only when you have seen what he or she does, can you cover a story by yourself. 3. ( Theres ) No need for a camera ! 没必要带相机。 4(倒装)Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university, so its actually of special interest to me. 对摄影我不仅感兴趣，在大学我还专修过摄影，因此，我的确对摄影特别感兴趣。 5(This is how the story goes. 事情是这样的。 6(Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick? 你是否有这样的情况:有人控告你手下的记者的报道完全失实, Unit 5 First aid I.Phrases 1. give / offer / do first aid to sb perform / carry out first aid on sb. 对某人实施急救 2. fall ill 生病 3. get injured / infected / burned 受伤 / 感染 / 烧伤 4. save ones life 挽救某人的生命 5. sense of touch 触觉 6. electric shock 触电;电休克 7. take off 脱下;(飞机)起飞 8. squeeze out 榨出;挤出 9. over and over again 反复;多次 10. in place 在适当的位置;适当 11. put ones hands on 找到 12. present sb. with sth. present sth. to sb. 赠予/ 给予某人某物 13. a piece of jewellery 一件珠宝 14. cause / do damage to. 使受到危害/ 损害 15. a number of +n. (pl. ) 若干;许多 16. stick sth. to 贴在.上 17. make a difference 区别 II. Sentences: 1. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skins are burnt. 根据皮肤烧伤的层次而有一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。 2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。 3. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily 她躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。 4. There is no doubt that Jons quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life. 毫无疑问，是敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。 5. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference . 这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。 6. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. 如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部，可能的话，就要把他们抬高到高于心脏的位置。 状语从句讲解 由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。 一、时间状语从句 表示时间的状语从句可由when， as， while， whenever， after， before， till (until)， since， once， as soon as (或the moment )， by the time， no sooner than， hardly (scarcely) when， every time等引导。 e.g. When I came into the office， the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him， you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep. 二、原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because， since， as ， now that(既然)等，for 表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词，语气不如because强。 e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position. As it is raining， I will not go out. Now that you mention it， I do remember. 三、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。 e.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you have a question. 四、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so， so that(从句谓语常有情态动词)， in order that， in case(以防，以免)等。 e.g. Speak clearly， so that they may understand you. She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the train. 五、结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that(从句谓语一般没有情态动词)， so that， such that等引导。 e.g. She was ill， so that she didn't attend the meeting. He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. 六、条件状语从句 条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if， unless， so (as) long as， on condition that， so (as) far as， if only ( = if )。注意:条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。 e.g. If he is not in the office， he must be out for lunch. You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know(据我所知)， he will be away for three months. You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don't go too far away from the river bank.