最新牛津译林版七年级英语知识点归纳+7B+Units1--2优秀名师资料.doc

牛津译林版七年级英语知识点归纳 7B Units1-2牛津译林版初一英语下学期 (7B) Unit 1-2 重 点 词 组 would like to do 想要做某事 live next to a restaurant 住在餐馆的隔壁 the capital of France 法国的首都 my favourite place 我最喜欢的地方 a wooden house 一座木房子 over a river 河上面 my own bedroom 我自己的卧室 it rains a lot 经常下雨 make dinner 做饭 in the center of 在的中心 share with 和某人分享某物 a dining room 餐厅 a sitting room 客厅 arrive in / at 到达 cant wait to do 迫不及待做某事 where else 其他什么地方 get eighty-one points 得81分 be different from 和不同 on the ground floor 在底楼 at the same time 同时 speak to 交谈 Im afraid 恐怕 take a message 捎口信 call sb back 回电话给某人 order a pizza 叫一份匹萨 a football pitch 足球场 a swimming pool 游泳池 have a shower / bath 洗淋浴或洗澡 at least 至少 two floors above / below 上面或下面两层 by underground 乘地铁 on my bicycle 在我的自行车上 air pollution 空气污染 in other areas of Beijing 在北京其他地区 go walking 去散步 such a tall building 如此一幢高楼 be close to 离得近 do have to go far 不必走太远 want help with 在某方面需要帮助 all your souvenirs 你所有的纪念品 shopping malls 大卖场 any food you like 任何你喜欢的食物 Western restaurants 西餐馆 local theatre 当地的餐馆 sing Beijing opera 唱京剧 make the air dirty 使得空气变脏 speak Putonghua 讲普通话 thirty of each 每样三十个 four big cartons of milk 四大盒牛奶 three kilos of each 每样三公斤 exchange students 交换生 have a really good time 玩得的确开心 talk to in English 用英语交谈 grow vegetables 种蔬菜 works of art 艺术品 Chinese paintings 中国画 at the youth center 在青年中心 ride bicycles 骑自行车 show you around my home town 带你参观我的家乡 enjoy a full day there 在那儿愉快地过了一整天 the best game in the world 世界上最好的运动 climb a ladder to get into my house 爬梯子进入我家 the best place to grow flowers 种花最好的地方 come first in the English exam 英语考试第一名 take them to the sports center 带他们去体育中心 tell somebody about something 告诉某人关于某事 send an e-mail to somebody 发电子邮件给某人 语 法 精 讲 1. 方位介词(Prepositions of place) 1) 常用的方位介词(词组) 成反义词:above-below, over-under, inside-outside, in front of-behind 有关联的:above-over-on, below-under, beside-next to, at-in, between-among 其他:opposite 2) 使用时的注意点 A. 方位介词在句子中的位置 The book is under the desk. (be动词的后面) He is standing between the two trees.(实义动词的后面) Do you know the man in front of the classroom?(放在名词后面修饰它) He lives in an old house in the center of the city.(作为整句话的状语) B. above和below，over和under 这两组反义词的前者都表示“在上方”，后者都表示“在下方”。 There are some bridges over the river. Whats under the bed? An old shoe. The shelf is above the top bunk bed. She lives two floors below Linda. C. above, over和on 这三个词都表示“在上面”，on是指和物体有接触，over是指在正上方，没有接触面，above也是没有接触面，正上方或斜上方，但现在可代替over，如: The wooden house is over / above the river. The bag is on the table. There is a plane flying above our heads. D. at和in 这两个词常用在arrive后面，at后加小地点，in后加大地点，如: He arrived at the airport at 4 p.m. We will arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning. E. between和among between是指在两者之间，常用词组betweenand，而among是在三者或三者以上之间，如: I sit between Lily and Lucy. Mr. Li likes staying among his students.(注:英语中的复数名词，没有特别指出是两个，都默认为三者或三者以上) F. opposite:在对面 如:Our school is opposite a park. 2. 基数词(Cardinal numbers) 表示数目的数词是基数词。 1) 基数词的构成 A. 两位数:十位数与个位数之间加连字符。如:23 twenty-three B. 三位数:百位数与最后两位数加and(美语省略and)。 如:201 two hundred and one 642 six hundred and forty-two C. 四位数:thousand之后加逗号，后面依照以上原则。 如:1,351 one thousand, three hundred and fifty-one D. 表示万以上的数目，将数字由右向左每三位加一个逗号，使一个数字分成几个小节，称为thousand节，million节等，然后按节处理，如: 68,343 sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-three 13, 526, 300 thirteen million, five hundred twenty-six thousand, three hundred ?英语中没有直接的单词来表示“万”和“亿”，如: 一万 10,000 ten thousand 两万 20,000 twenty thousand 十万 100,000 one hundred thousand 三十万 300,000 three hundred thousand 一千万 10,000,000 ten million 两千万 20,000,000 twenty million 一亿 100,000,000 one hundred million ?表示十亿，美国用one billion，英国用one thousand million 2)基数词的运用 A. 表示确切数目时，hundred，thousand和million只能用单数，不能变复数;但表示不确定的数目时，要用复数形式。如: five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千 hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 B. 表示时间:7:30 seven thirty C. 表示年代:in the 1980s(读作nineteen eighties)在二十世纪八十年代 2005(读作two thousand and five) D. 表示不确定的年龄:in his twenties 在他二十几岁时 3. 序数词(Ordinal numbers) 表示人或物的顺序的数词是序数词。 1) 序数词的构成 一二三，特殊记， (first，second，third) 加th从四起; (从四开始所有的序数词都是以th结尾的。) 八少t，九少e; (eight去t加th变成eighth，nine去e加上th变成 ninth) 逢五与十二，f替ve ; (five，twelve中ve变为f再加th，就成为fifth，twelfth) 二十到九十，y变ie; (2090等十位整数的基数词都是以y结尾的， 变成序数词时要变y为ie,再加th。例如:twentieth，thirtieth等。) 若是几十几，前基后序要牢记。(这些词的序数词写法是:十位数保持基数词不变，个位数改成序数词，如:twenty-first, ninety-fifth.) ?百位数的序数词:百位数用基数词，后面十位数或个位数的序数词，如: 第二百二十 two hundred and twentieth 第二百零三 two hundred and third ?序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成，如: th two hundred and twentieth - 220 two hundred and third - 203rd ?第九 ninth 十九 nineteen 第十九 nineteenth 九十 ninety 第九十 ninetieth 第四 fourth 十四 fourteen 第十四 fourteenth 四十 forty 第四十 fortieth 2)序数词的用法 ththA. 表示日期，如:March 18, 1978 或 18 March, 1978 B. 表示编号或顺序，如:the sixth lesson = Lesson Six C. 前面一般加定冠词the，如:He is the first student to get to the school every day. ? 如果序数词前面有形容词性物主代词，可以不加the，如: It was his fifth bowl of rice for lunch. D. 有时还可以作副词用，如:I finished the homework first in my class today. 4. No和None的用法 1) no A. no表示“没有”，作为形容词时后面接名词(可数和不可数)，相当于not any 或not a, 如: I have no brothers. = I do not have any brothers. There is no student in the classroom. = There is not a student in the classroom. I drank no water this morning. = I did not drink any water this morning. B. 还可以用来回答一般疑问句，如: Did you have lunch? No, I didnt. 2) none 表示“没有人”或“没有东西”，后面不能接名词，可以作为可数或不可数。如: -How many chips are there in the packet? -There are none. -how much orange juice do you have? -We have none. 5. 定冠词The 1) 指上文所提到过的人或物，如:I have a cat. The cat is white. 2) 指世界上独一无二的事物，如:the capital of China, the sun 3) 用于序数词，方位名词和最高级的前面，如:the second, in the north, the best game 4) 用于乐器前面，如:play the piano 5) 用于一些形容词的前面，表示一类人，如:the old 老人，the rich 富人 6. There is a swimming pool which is 50 metres long. 有一个50米长的游泳池。 这里which is 50 metres long 是修饰前面的a swimming pool，在英语中不能像中文一样把句子放在名词前面作为修饰语，所以放在该名词的后面，which是关系词，在以后的学习中会详细表述。再来一个例句: I have a friend who can play tennis. 我有一个会打网球的朋友。 7. want help with our homework. 在作业方面需要帮助 在这里help是不可数名词，所以用want (some) help表示“需要一些帮助”，动词help用词组help with ，意思是“在某方面帮助某人”，因此名词词组也用with，want (some) help with。 8. You can shop until ten. 你可以一直购物到十点。 until意思“直到”，前面的动作一直做到until后面的时间，还有一种用法，not until的含义是“不做某事直到“，即意为”直到 才“。如: He didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night. 昨晚他直到11点才上床睡觉。 We wont leave here until we are told to. 我们直到被告知(离开)才会离开这儿。 9. Why dont you visit our local theatre with us? 为何不和我们一起参观当地的剧院呢, Why dont you do something? = Why not do something? 表示提出建议，其他句型还有: What / How about something / doing something? 如:How about drinking milk? 喝牛奶如何, Lets do . 如:Lets learn something interesting. 让我们学点有趣的东西吧。 Shall we do ? 如:Shall we do some shopping this weekend? 这个周末我们去购物吗, Wed better do 如:Wed better tell him the truth. 我们最好告诉他真相。 10. The party was really great, wasnt it? 这个聚会真的很棒，不是吗, 这是反意疑问句。该句型有三个原则:前后人称一致，前后动词一致，前面肯定后面否定。人称一致是指后面用的人称代词要和前面的主语一致，it替代的是the party;代词一致是指前后用同一种代词并且时态一致。如: He can play football, cant he? She went to Shanghai last week, didnt she? There wasnt a meeting yesterday, was there? 典 例 解 析 1. Every spring, people plant _ trees to make our city more beautiful. A. five thousands of B. five thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of 解析:答案选D。 thousand有两个用法，一为表示具体的数目，thousand只能用单数，如“两千”two thousand，另一为表示不确切的数目，thousands of成千上万，两者不能同时用，所以只能选D。 2. _ student comes from France. A. Twenty-three B. The twenty-three C. The twenty-third D. Twenty-third 解析:答案选C。 这儿需弄清基数词和序数词的区别，题目中是student单数，所以不能用基数词twenty-three,否则student要变成复数，而序数词前面要加定冠词the。故选C。 3. The teacher is giving us a talk _ the classroom. A. in front of B. in the front of C. under D. between 解析:答案选B。 首先理解“give us a talk”，意思是“作讲座”，后面又有classroom，意思应该是“在教室里”，再比较A和B选项，A是指“在整个物体的前面”，B是指“在物体内部的前部”。故选B。 4. I think Kunming is a good place _ either in summer or in winter. A. going B. to go C. goes D. go 解析:答案选B。 to go在这里是用来修饰a good place，意思是“一个好去处”，由于to go不是形容词，所以不能放在place前面，而good是形容词可以放place前面。故选B。 5. What _ do you want to buy? A. other B. else C. else things D. others 解析:答案选B。 else意思是“其他”，但它不像other(其他)可以用在形容词前面，而是用在不定代词(如something, anybody)和疑问词(如what, where等)前面，像本题中What else意思是“其他什么”，如果要用other，应该是other things。故选B。 6. It _ me five minutes to walk to school. A. spends B. costs C. takes D. has 解析:答案选C。 A，B和C选项都可表示“花费”，spend是人作主语，somebody spends time / money on / doing人花时间或金钱在某物上或做某事，cost是物体作主语，something cost (somebody) money某物花去某人多少钱或某物值多少钱，take也是物体作主语或it作形式主语，it takes somebody some time to do something做某事花去某人一段时间，it是形式上的主语，而真正的主语是to do something。故选C。 7. Wilson lives on the tenth floor and Elsa lives on the sixth floor. So Wilson lives 4 floors _ Elsa and Elsa lives 4 floors _ Wilson. A. below / above B. above / below C. on / under D. under / on 解析:答案选B。 住在上面或下面”用live above / below表示，再加入“几层”，而on the tenth floor表示“在第十层”，只是一个楼层。故选B。 8. Our school playground is about _. A. 400 metre long B. 400 metres long C. 400-metres-long D. 400-metre-long 解析:答案选B。 表示数字加单位的有两种形式，一种是词组，如13 years old，超过一要用复数，并且只能用在be动词后面，另一种是单词，如13-year-old，超过一不要用复数，并且只能用在名词前面。故选B。 综 合 练 习 (A) I. 选择你所听到的内容 (5%) ( ) 1. A. plays B. place C. palace D. pays ( ) 2. A. France B. French C. from D. friend ( ) 3. A. quite B. quiet C. quietly D. quick ( ) 4. A. shall B. show C. shy D. share ( ) 5. A. 12,062 B. 12,026 C. 21,602 D. 1,206 II. 根据你所听到的上句选择符合逻辑的下句 (5%) ( ) 1. A. Whos calling? B. Who are you? C. My name is Simon. D. How do you do! th( ) 2. A. On the 4 floor. B. In Thailand. C. In a flat. D. I like it. ( ) 3. A. A bed. B. A basin. C. A computer. D. A fridge. ( ) 4. A. There are 2 bedrooms. B. They are 2 bedrooms. C. There are 5. D. They are 5. ( ) 5. A. Floor 1 B. Floor2. C. Floor 3. D. Floor 5. III. 单项选择 (15%) ( ) 1. There are _ things to do in Sunshine Town. A. lots B. lot of C. many D. much ( ) 2. We want to _ you _ life in our city. A. say/about B. talk/of C. speak/of D. tell/about ( ) 3. How do you go to school every day? _. A. By a bike B. By a bicycle C. On my bicycle D. In my bike ( ) 4. I live in a house _ a bus stop. A. near to B. next C. close to D. is close ( ) 5. Do you want me to help you _ your English? A. of B. to C. with D. to learning ( ) 6. What _ you _ last night in the bushes? I heard nothing. A. are / hearing B. will / hear C. did / hear D. did / heard ( ) 7. Look! A dog _ in the middle of the road. Please try to move it away. A. lieing B. is lieing C. lying D. is lying ( ) 8. Dont make any noise. Peter is sleeping in his _. A. bunk bed B. bunk beds C. bunk D. beds ( ) 9. Did you _ a taxi to the park yesterday? A. order B. buy C. mend D. sell ( ) 10. My brother enjoys _ and he often goes to _. A. to play football, a shopping mall B. playing football, restaurants C. to play football, a playground D. playing football, a sports center ( ) 11. _ do these apples cost? A. How B. How many C. How much D. What ( ) 12. There is _ any milk left in the fridge. A. no B. not C. none D. some ( ) 13. Simon is going to show you _ his new school later. A. in B. at C. visit D. around ( ) 14. It _ Mr. Yang half an hour to get here yesterday. A. take B. took C. spends D. costs ( ) 15. Who _ are you going to meet tomorrow? A. other B. else C. others D. else people IV. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 (10%) 1. He lives in a _ house. The house is made of large _.(wood) 2. My mother always makes _ in the kitchen. We have supper in the _ room. (dinner) 3. Our neighbors are all very _. We often make _ with each other. (friend) 4. They _(hold) a party for the American students last Sunday. It _(be) very interesting. 5. My parents usually go _(walk) after supper along the river bank. 6. Why _(not go) to the zoo instead, V. 句型转换 (5%) 1. We need four cartons of milk.(根据划线部分提问) _ 2. I had three loaves of bread for breakfast. (根据划线部分提问) _ 3. My uncle bought a tin of Coke for me in the shop nearby. (根据划线部分提问) _ 4. It takes 40 minutes to walk to the supermarket. (根据划线部分提问) _ 5. Neil lives with his parents in a flat in the center of a city. (根据划线部分提问) _ VI. 完成句子 (15%) 1. 瓶子里有多少橘汁,一点也没有。 _ 2. 妈妈正在厨房中做饭。我能捎个口信吗, _ 3. 底楼有一个游泳池。你想去那儿吗, _ 4. 我将带你去参观我的家乡。 _ 5. 我恐怕不能帮你。 _ VII. 完型填空 (10%) All big cities are quite similar. Living in a modern Asian city is not different _?_ living in an American city. But the same cannot be said about _?_ on farms. In many parts of _?_ , farmers and their families live in villages or towns. In the USA, each farm family live on _?_ own fields, and often they live far away from each other. _?_traveling from a village to the fields every morning, American farmers stay on their land _?_. They travel to the nearest town on Saturdays for _?_. Of course life _?_ changing for everyone, including(包括) farmers. Today they have cars, good roads, radios and television sets. _?_ of course there are modern machines for farming. _?_ have changed farm life. ( ) 1. A. from B. as C. with D. for ( ) 2. A. lived B. live C. living D. lives ( ) 3. A. the country B. the world C. the city D. the mountain ( ) 4. A. ones B. its C. its D. his ( ) 5. A. Instead of B. Instead C. Not to D. For ( ) 6. A. for a moment B. for weekdays C. several times D. for a visit ( ) 7. A. swimming B. fishing C. shopping D. beginning ( ) 8. A. keeps B. stops C. start D. beginning ( ) 9. A. Or B. But C. So D. And ( )10. A. Much of it B. Some of these C. All of these D. Many of these VIII. 阅读理解 (20%) (A) Many people have dogs or cats as pets. Mr. Jenkins wanted a different kind of pet, so he bought a lion! The first night, Mr. Jenkins put the lion in a bedroom and locked the door. The next morning he went to look at his new pet. The