1、LOGOUnit 5应用英语系应用英语系戚萍萍戚萍萍Teaching objectivesI.To talk about the topic of lying freely and understand the real truth of lies.III.To master some key vocabulary and difficult language points.II.ContentsConsolidation activitiesConsolidation activitiesWarming-up activitiesWarming-up activitiesGlobal stu
2、dy of the textGlobal study of the text Detailed study of the textDetailed study of the textWarming-up activitiesBlack liesBlack liesBlackliesreferstomalicious lies,theyaretoldtodeceivesomeoneelsefortheliarsadvantage.Usually,peoplegethurtoristakenadvantageof.White liesSupposeyouareintrouble.Whenyourp
3、arentscallyouandaskhowyouare,willyoutellthemaliebysayingthatyouarefineortellthemthetruth?A white lie is one that lacks evil intent.It is harmless or trivial,and is frequently said in order to show the speakers good intention and avoid hurting someones feelings.List some situations in which you think
4、 a white lie would be told.Discuss about the would-be benefits and would-be costs about white lies.Group discussionQuotes lie&truthTruthisbeautiful,withoutdoubt;butsoarelies.-Ralph Waldo Emerson Aliestandsononeleg,truthontwo.-Benjamin FranklinTruthiscompletelyspontaneous.Lieshavetobetaught.-Richard
5、Buckminster Fuller Jr.Truthisthesafestlie.-Jewish Proverb Itisalwaysthebestpolicytotellthetruth,unless,ofcourse,youareanexceptionallygoodliar.-Jerome K.Jerome Global study of the textTextwriting stylebackgourndstrucutral analysismain ideatone of writingconsequences of lyingItisanessaywhichintendstoc
6、onvincethereadertobelievewhattheauthorbelievesaboutacertaintopic.(acleartopicstatement,sufficientevidenceorexamples,logicalreasoning)Background informationThistextisselectedfromReaders DigestinNovember,1999.the author:RandyFitzgeraldStyle:an_ essay in a_ style.argumentative or persuasivejournalistic
7、Main ideaTheme:toprovetherealtruthaboutlies.The tone:quitehumorousasitresortstodailylifeandcausesmuchresonance.Inthistext,theauthorassertstheubiquitouspresenceofpettywhitelies,analyzesits_,discussesitsgrave_,andconcludesthatsomeliesare_,whileothersaretobe_.causesconsequencesavoidedjustifiableStructu
8、ral analysisparas 16-18Discussingwhetherliesshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IVparas 7-11Tellinglittlewhiteliesisacommonpracticeandthereasonfortellingsuchliesisfamiliar-wedontwanttohurtothers.paras 12-15Theconsequencesoftellinglies.paras 1-6Introducingthetopicbyreportingtwosurveyr
9、esults.Theconsequencesoflyingfallintothree aspects:thedeceivedmayfeelcheatedandwonttrusttheliaranymore;theliarwilllosetrustfromthedeceivedandgetentangledinthelieshefabricates;thesocietyasawholewouldcollapseasitsmembersdonottrusteachotheranymore.Consequences of lying(paras.12-15)Detailed study of the
10、 textvocabularysentence structurecultural noteswriting techniquegrammarrhetorical featuressentenceparaphrasePart 11AttheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,psychologyprofessorBellaDePaulogot77studentsand70townspeopletovolunteerforanunusualproject.Allkeptdiariesforaweek,recordingthenumbersanddetail
11、softheliestheytold.2OnestudentandsixCharlottesvilleresidentsprofessedtohavetoldnofalsehoods.Theother140participantstold1535.questions:paras.1-6Part 13Theliesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswouldcallearth-shattering.Someonewouldpretendtobemorepositiveorsupportiveofaspouseorfriendthanheorshereallywas,orfe
12、ignagreementwitharelativesopinion.AccordingtoDePaulo,womenintheirinteractionswithotherwomenliedmostlytosparetheothersfeelings.Menliedtoothermengenerallyforself-promotingreasons.Part 1 4Moststrikingly,thesetellers-of-a-thousand-liesreportedthattheirdeceptionscausedthemlittlepreoccupationorregret.Migh
13、tthat,too,bealie?Perhaps.Butthereisevidencethatthisattitudetowardscasualuseofprevaricationiscommon.Part 15*Forexample,20,000middle-andhigh-schoolersweresurveyedbytheJosephsonInstituteofEthicsanonprofitorganizationinMarinadelRey,California,devotedtocharactereducation.*Ninety-twopercentoftheteenagersa
14、dmittedhavingliedtotheirparentsinthepreviousyear,and73percentcharacterizedthemselvesasserialliars,meaningtheytoldliesweekly.Despitetheseadmissions,91percentofallrespondentssaidtheyweresatisfiedwithmyownethicsandcharacter.Part 16ThinkhowoftenweheartheexpressionsIllcallyouorThecheckisinthemailorImsorr
15、y,buthesteppedout.*Andthenthereareprofessionslawyers,pundits,publicrelationsconsultantswhosemembersseemtospecializeinshapingorspinningthetruthtosuitclientsneeds.Part 27Littlewhitelieshavebecomeubiquitous,andthereasonswegiveeachotherfortellingfibsarefamiliar.Consider,forexample,acorporateexecutivewho
16、mIllcallTom.Hegoeswithhiswifeandsontohismother-in-lawshomeforaholidaydinnereveryyear.Tomdislikesherspecialpumpkinpieintensely.Invariablyhetellsherhowwonderfulitis,toavoidhurtingherfeelings.questions:paras.7-11Part 28Whatswrongwiththat?TomaskedMichaelJosephson,presidentoftheJosephsonInstitute.Itsaque
17、stionwemightallask.Part 29JosephsonrepliedbyaskingTomtoconsidertheliefromhismother-in-lawspointofview.SupposethatonedayTomschildblurtsoutthetruth,andshediscoversthedeceit.Willshetellherson-in-law,Thankyouforcaringsomuch?Orisshemorelikelytofeelhurtandsay,Howcouldyouhavemisledmealltheseyears?Andwhatel
18、sehaveyouliedtomeabout?Part 210AndwhatmightTomsmother-in-lawnowsuspectaboutherowndaughter?AndwillTomsboylietohisparentsandyetbesatisfiedwithhisowncharacter?Part 211Howoftendowecomplimentpeopleonhowwelltheylook,orexpressourappreciationforgifts,whenwedontreallymeanit?Surely,theseniceliesareharmlessand
19、well-intended,anecessarysociallubricant.But,likeTom,weshouldrememberthewordsofEnglishnovelistSirWalterScott,whowrote,*Whatatangledwebweweave,whenfirstwepracticetodeceive.Part 312Evenseeminglyharmlessfalsehoodscanhaveunforeseenconsequences.*PhilosopherSisselaBokwarnsusthattheycanputusonaslipperyslope
20、Afterthefirstlies,otherscancomemoreeasily,shewroteinherbookLying:Moral Choice in Public and Private Life.“Psychologicalbarriersweardown;theabilitytomakemoredistinctionscancoarsen;theliarsperceptionofhischancesofbeingcaughtmaywarp.”questions:paras.12-15Part 313Takethepumpkin-pielies.Inthefirstplace,
21、itwasntjustthathewantedhismother-in-lawtofeelgood.Whetherherealizeditornot,hereallywantedhertothinkhighlyofhim.Andaftertheinitialdeceitheneededtotellmoreliestocoverupthefirstone.Part 314Whobelievesitanymorewhentheyretoldthatthepersontheywanttoreachbyphoneisinameeting?Byitself,thatkindoflieisofnogrea
22、tconsequence.Still,theendlessproliferationoftheselittleprevaricationsdoesmatter.Part 3 15*Oncetheyvebecomecommonenough,eventhesmalluntruthsthatarenotmeanttohurtencourageacertaincynicismandlossoftrust.*“When(trust)isdamaged,”warnsBok,“thecommunityasawholesuffers;andwhenitisdestroyed,societiesfalteran
23、dcollapse.”Part 4 16*Areallwhiteliestobeavoidedatallcosts?Notnecessarily.*Themostunderstandableandforgivableliesareanexchangeofwhatethicistsrefertoastheprincipleoftrustfortheprincipleofcaring,“liketellingchildrenthetoothfairy,ordeceivingsomeonetosetthemupforasurpriseparty,”Josephsonsays.“Still,*wemu
24、staskourselvesifwearewillingtogiveourfriendsandassociatestheauthoritytolietouswhenevertheythinkitisforourowngood.”Homeworkquestions:paras.16-18Part 4 17Josephsonsuggestsasimpletest.Ifsomeoneyoulietofindsoutthetruth,willhethankyouforcaring?Orwillhefeelhislong-termtrustinyouhasbeenundermined?Part 4 18
25、Andifyourenotsure,MarkTwainhasgivenusagoodruleofthumb.“Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.*Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends.”Questions(Paras.16-18)1.Howdoesthewriterbeginwiththetopic?Theauthorbeginswiththeresultsoftwosurveys.2.WhatistheresultofProfessorBellaDePaulossurvey?Whatconclusioncanwedra
26、wfromtheresult?AccordingtothesurveydonebyProfessorDePaulo,140outof147peopleadmittedhavingtoldlies.Assomeoftheliesarewell-intentioned,peoplemaynotregardthemaslies.Thisresultshowsthattellingliesiscommon.Part I(paras.1-6)3.WhatistheresultofthesurveyconductedbyJosephsonInstituteofEthics?Accordingtothiss
27、urvey,among20,000studentssurveyed,92percentprofessedtohavetoldliesandmeanwhile,91percentneverdoubtedabouttheirownethicsorcharacter.Again,thisresultshowsthattellingliesiscommonandpeopleseldomrelatetellingliestomorality.4.Howdoesheconvincethereaders“therealtruth”oflies?scientificresearch;example;schol
28、arlyquotationPart I(paras.1-6)The University of Virginia TheUniversityofVirginiaisdistinctiveamonginstitutionsofhighereducation.FoundedbyThomasJeffersonin1819,theUniversityispublicandremainstheNo.2best,accordingtothe2005USNews&WorldReport.Numerousdistinguishedalumnigraduatedfromtheuniversityandnowdo
29、minatevariousareas,afewofwhomarethe28thpresidentWilson,SenatorRobertKennedyandEdwardKennedy;andworld-famousdirectorMarkJohnson.Bella DePaulo ProfessorBellaM.DePauloisspecializedinSocialPsychology.Formorethan20years,shehasstudiedthecommunication of deception.Morerecently,shehasalsobeenstudyingthesoci
30、al psychology of singles.ShereceivedherPh.D.fromHarvardUniversityin1979.Sheistheauthorofmorethan100publications,andherworkhasbeenfundedbyNSF(国家科学基金会),NIMH(国家精神卫生研究院),andtheNationalAcademyofEducation.Language work 1.profess:v.tomakeaclaim(of/about)e.g.Jamesprofessedtoknoweverythingaboutsculpture.Hepr
31、ofessedthegreatestrespectforthelaw.Derivation:professor教授，声称的人profession职业，声明professorial教授似的，学者派头的professorship教授职位Language work falsehood:n.(count)aliee.g.他指责他们故意散布有关他的谎言。Heblamedthemforknowinglyspreadingfalsehoodsabouthim.n.(uncount)thequalityorfactofbeinguntrueorofbeingalie虚伪性；虚假性；谬误e.g.Shecalle
32、dtheverdictavictoryoftruthoverfalsehood.她将这一判决称为真理对谬误的胜利。Language work2.earth-shattering:ofthegreatestimportancetothewholeworlde.g.Afteryearsofhardwork,theyfinallymadeanearth-shatteringdiscovery.Thenewinventionisofearth-shatteringimportance.3.feign:v.topretendtohaveorbe;toputonafalseairofe.g.She fei
33、gned tobeillinordernottodotheexercises.Hefeignedsurpriseandtheyallbelievedhim.Collocation:feigninterest/surprise/ignorance/illness(formal)pretendthatyouareinterested,surprised,etc.e.g.“Ohreally!”hesaid,tryingtofeigninterest.Sometimesitsbestjusttofeignignorance(=pretendthatyoudonotknowanything).Langu
34、age workLanguage work4.spareonesfeelings:toavoiddoingsomethingthatwouldupsetsomebodye.g.Hesimplywishedtominimizethefussandtospare her feelings.Wecarefullyavoidedmentioningthenewstospare his feelings.5.preoccupation:n.thestateofconstantlythinkingorworryingaboutsomethinge.g.Becauseofhispreoccupationwi
35、thhisbooks,hedidntrealizewewerealreadyback.Suchpreoccupation withyourworkisnthealthy.Language workDetailed reading4 Might thatMightthat,too,bealie?Isitpossibletoconsiderthatalie?Might heremeans“possibility”.Notethatmay,whenusedtomean“possibility”,isnormallynotusedinaquestion.Language work6.prevarica
36、tion:n.thestateofavoidinggivingadirectanswerormakingafirmdecisione.g.Aftermonthsofprevarication,adecisionwasfinallymade.Whenwequestionedtheauthoritiesonthesubject,weweremetbyprevarication.Language workJosephson Institute of EthicsThe Joseph&Edna Josephson Institute of Ethics is a public-benefit,nonp
37、rofit,nonpartisan无党派 and nonsectarian无宗派 membership organization founded by Michael Josephson in honor of his parents.Detailed reading3-devote to 7.devotetogivealloralargepartofonestimeorresourcesto(aperson,activity,orcause)e.g.Iwanttodevotemoretimetomyfamily.Hedevoteshimselftophilanthropy(慈善事业).Lan
38、guage work7.pundit:n.apersonwhoisanauthorityonaparticularsubject;anexpertMr.Johnsonisawell-knownpoliticalpundit.Weveinvitedaforeign-policy pundittogiveusalecture.8.shapeorspinthetruth:tomodifythetruthLanguage workPart 2Qs:1.Whatistheauthortryingtoargueinthispart?Andhowdoesheputit?2.Whatarelittlewhit
39、elies?3.Accordingtothewriter,whatcouldbeconsidered“nicelies”?4.Whatdoesthissentencemean:“Whatatangledwebweweave,whenfirstwepracticetodeceive”?Language work9.ubiquitous:a.seemingtobeeverywhereBytheendoflastcentury,thecomputerhadbecomeubiquitous.WearenowconfrontedwiththeubiquitousspreadofEnglish.10.fi
40、b:n.asmallunimportantlieHaveyouevertold fibs?Shetoldinnocentfibslikeanyoneelse.11.invariably:ad.alwaysItsinvariablywetwhenItakemyholidays.Sheinvariablyforgetstotakeherkeys.12.blurtout:tosaysomethingsuddenlyandwithoutthinking,usuallybecauseoneisnervousorexcitedTooursurprise,he blurtedhissecret out at
41、table.Johnblurted outthathedreamedofbecomingacomputerprogrammer.13.lubricant:n.asubstancesuchasoilwhichcausesamachinetooperatemoreeasily14.tangled:plicatedormadeupofmanyconfusingpartsAfter listening to his speech I thought his ideas andopinionsweresotangledthatIcouldnotvoteforhim.Theflooroftheforest
42、wascoveredwithtangled grass.Part 3Q:1.Whatisthegraveconsequencesoftellinglies?Language work15.weardown:v.toreduceorbecomeweakeruntiluselessHeavytrafficandvariableweathercanwear downthesurfaceoftheroad.Yourbacktyresarebadlyworn down;youshouldfitnewones.16.warp:v.to(causeto)turnortwistoutofshapeLeftin
43、thegaragewhereitwasdamp,thewoodenframehadwarped.Thedoormustbewarped.Itwontcloseproperly.17.proliferation:n.arapidincreaseintheamountornumberofsomethingOverthepasttwoyears,wehavewitnessedtheproliferation ofTVchannels.Language work18.associate:n.somebodywhomyouworkordobusinesswithHeisnotafriend,butabu
44、sinessassociate.19.undermine:v.tograduallymakesb.orsth.lessstrongoreffectiveShejealouslytriedtoundermineourfriendship.Lackoffoodhasunderminedhishealth.20.ruleofthumb:aroughmethodofcalculation,basedonpracticalexperienceIneverweighanythingwhenImcookingIjustdoitbyrule of thumb.Asa rule of thumb,acupoff
45、iltercoffeecontainsabout89mgcaffeine.Part 41.Areallwhiteliesunacceptable?Whatistheyardstickofacceptablelies?Notallwhiteliesareunacceptable.Somefalsehoodslikesettingsomebodyupforasurprisepartyortellingchildrenaboutthetoothfairycanbejustified.However,youhavetoconsidertheattitudeofthedeceivedtowardslyi
46、ngandtheconsequences,i.e.whetheryouractwillunderminehistrustinyou.Language work(4)31.at all costs:underanycircumstances32.associate:n.somebodywhomyouworkordobusinesswithHeisnotafriend,butabusinessassociate.33.undermine:v.tograduallymakesb.Orsth.lessstrongoreffectiveShejealouslytriedtoundermineourfri
47、endship.Lackoffoodhasunderminedhishealth.34.rule of thumb:aroughmethodofcalculation,basedonpracticalexperienceIneverweighanythingwhenImcookingIjustdoitbyrule of thumb.Asarule of thumb,acupoffiltercoffeecontainsabout89mgcaffeine.35.confound:v.toconfuseandsurprisepeople,causingthemtobeunabletoexplaino
48、rdealwithasituationHischoicemay confound usall.Thedancerconfoundedthecriticswhosaidshewasfinishedbygivingthebestperformanceofherlife.36.astound:v.tomakesomebodyverysurprisedorshockedItastounds methatanyonecouldeverconsiderdeclaringwar.Heusedtoastoundhisfriendswithfeatsofphysicalendurance.Stylistic f
49、eatures of Text I2.Intermsofthefinalconsequenceoftellinglies,thewriterdoesnotsaydefinitelyitisabsolutelyrightorwrong,butpointsoutthepossibleconsequence,whichleavesnoroomforreaderstodoubtaboutthepercentageofthetruth.3.Homework1.Retellthetextinyourownwords2.Consolidationactivities3.Writingtask:-Lie:A Necessary Part of LifeLOGO The End
