2018高一非金属单质化学反应方程式.doc

2018高一非金属单质化学反应方程式非金属单质(F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si)1、氧化性：F2+H2=2HF F2+Xe(过量)=XeF2 2F2(过量)+Xe=XeF4nF2+2M=2MFn(表示大部分金属) 2F2+2H2O=4HF+O22F2+2NaOH=2NaF+OF2+H2O F2+2NaCl=2NaF+Cl2F2+2NaBr=2NaF+Br2 F2+2NaI=2NaF+I2 F2+Cl2(等体积)=2ClF3F2(过量)+Cl2=2ClF3 7F2(过量)+I2=2IF7Cl2+H2=2HCl 3Cl2+2P=2PCl3 Cl2+PCl3=PCl5Cl2+2Na=2NaCl 3Cl2+2Fe=2FeCl3 Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3Cl2+Cu=CuCl2 2Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2 Cl2+2NaI=2NaCl+I25Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HCl Cl2+Na2S=2NaCl+SCl2+H2S=2HCl+S Cl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl Cl2+H2O2=2HCl+O22O2+3Fe=Fe3O4 O2+K=KO2S+H2=H2S 2S+C=CS2 S+Fe=FeS S+2Cu=Cu2S3S+2Al=Al2S3 S+Zn=ZnSN2+3H2=2NH3 N2+3Mg=Mg3N2 N2+3Ca=Ca3N2N2+3Ba=Ba3N2 N2+6Na=2Na3N N2+6K=2K3NN2+6Rb=2Rb3NP4+6H2=4PH3 P+3Na=Na3P 2P+3Zn=Zn3P22、还原性S+O2=SO2 S+H2SO4(浓)=3SO2+2H2OS+6HNO3(浓)=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O 3S+4HNO(稀)=3SO2+4NO+2H2ON2+O2=2NO4P+5O2=P4O10(常写成P2O5) 2P+3X2=2PX3(X表示F2，Cl2，Br2)PX3+X2=PX5 P4+20HNO3(浓)=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OC+2F2=CF4 C+2Cl2=CCl4 2C+O2(少量)=2COC+O2(足量)=CO2 C+CO2=2CO C+H2O=CO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO2=Si+2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗)+2Cl=SiCl4 (SiCl4+2H2=Si(纯)+4HCl) Si(粉)+O2=SiO2Si+C=SiC(金刚砂) Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H23、(碱中)歧化Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO(加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化)Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH(热，浓)=5KCl+KClO3+3H2O 3S+6NaOH=2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O=PH3+3KH2PO211P+15CuSO4+24H2O=5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaO=CaC2+CO 3C+SiO2=SiC+2CO