备战2018年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题05非谓语动词含解析20171028255.doc

专题05 非谓语动词1. Lily doesnt feel like _ （study）abroad. Her parents are old. （单句语法填空）【错因分析】易误填to study。like to do sth. 喜欢做某事，偶尔一次喜欢做某事；like doing sth.后跟动词不定式，经常性地喜欢做某事。看到like，容易误填to study。此句表示莉莉不想要出国留学，feel like doing sth. 想要做某事。【参考答案】studying动名词与不定式的不同1) 动名词与不定式的区别动名词状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相近，如：begin/start to do = begin/start doing; continue to do =continue doing。3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11组：stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingregret to doregret doingcease to docease doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingafraid to doafraid doinginterested to dointerested doingmean to domean doingbegin / start to dobegin/ start doing常见考法1. 不定式作状语；2. it作形式主语代替后面的不定式；3. 不定式的否定形式；4. 被动语态中的不定式；5. 不定式省to情况；6. 不定式作定语的情况。误区提醒1. 不定式的不同形式误用；2. 被动语态中仍然省to；3. 否定形式not位置弄错；4. 主动语态中该省to不省；5. 不定式作定语时丢内容。动名词作宾语a. 作动词的宾语，某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词，不能加不定式，如advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, escape, bear等。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当违反交通规则时，Mark总是尝试着逃脱惩罚。b. 作介词的宾语（单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语），如depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。We are against killing small animals. 我们反对屠杀小动物。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们是休息一下还是继续工作？c. 作短语动词的宾语give up, keep on, put off, insist on等。He is often persuaded to give up smoking. 他总是被劝戒烟。d. 其他情况be worth, be busy, cant help, cant stand等。The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这音乐值得反复听。We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们忙着为即将到来的运动会做准备。不定式作宾语I want to speak to Tom. 我想跟Tom谈谈。Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示一下怎么操作。2. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _（be）late for school. （单句语法填空）【错因分析】易误填been或be。worried about.是过去分词短语作状语，【试题解析】句意：一天早上，我正在等公交车，担心上学会迟到。介词about后面用名词或动名词作宾语，故填being。【参考答案】being3. _ （ignore）the differences between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （单句语法填空）【错因分析】分析不清句子成分，易误填Ignore。【参考答案】Ignoring动名词作主语：a. 直接位于句首作主语。Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一项很不错的运动。b. it作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等。It is no use telling him not to worry. 告诉他没必要担心。注意：important, essential, necessary之后常用不定式。c. 用于There be结构中。There is no saying when hell come. 不知道他什么时候回来。d. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).（这里）禁止抽烟。No parking. 禁止停车。e. 动名词的复合结构作主语。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们的到来及提供的帮助对我们来说是极大地鼓励。动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较a. 动名词多用来表示泛指，不定式多用来表示特指。Smoking is not good for health. 抽烟对健康有害。It is not good for you to smoke so much. 抽这么多烟对你不好。b. 在It is no use., It is no good., It is fun., It is a waste of time.等句型中，常用动名词作真实主语。It is no use talking about that. 说那些没有用。It is no good quarreling with him. 跟他吵架没好处。c. 在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，不用不定式的复合结构作主语。Does your saying that mean anything to him? 你说那个对他意味着什么对吗？d. 在There be句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。There is no telling what will happen. 没有被告知将要发生什么。e. 句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼见为实。4. No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished _ （make）them, so he couldnt have done it. 【错因分析】易误填having made。有的考生误以为是-ing形式的完成式作宾语，从而误填having made。【试题解析】finish后只能接名词、代词或-ing形式作宾语，故填making。【参考答案】making。常见后跟动名词的动词有：acknowledge承认，自认cease 停止mention说到，讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌advocate提倡，主张complete完成dread可怕appreciate感激，欣赏confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有，喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒cant help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑，逃避 cant stand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想，爱好favor 造成，偏爱mind介意repent悔悟figure描绘，计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成，结束不得pardon原谅，饶恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟，延期risk冒险involve卷入，包含practise实行，实践suggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救，储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持，忍受loathe非常讨厌，厌恶recall回想5. When I came in, my naughty son pretended _（read）.【错因分析】to read。有的考生以为这里是不定式的一般式作宾语，从而误填to read。【试题解析】根据语境，这里的pretended后要接to be doing 作宾语，表示我进来时，儿子假装正在做什么。本句意为：我进来时，我那顽皮的儿子假装在看书。【参考答案】to be reading常见后跟动词不定式的动词有：attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算begin开始expect期望omit忽略，漏appear似乎，显得determine决定manage设法cease停止hate憎恨，厌恶pretend假装ask问dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱；烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢，宁愿care关心，喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺，允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意，赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法，图谋incline有倾向propose提议seek找，寻觅try试图【归纳】决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on【答案】B2. I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going【解析】why not后面接不带to的不定式，故选D。【答案】D3. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 【解析】make后接不带to的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to不可省略，故选B。【答案】B4. She pretended _ me when I passed by.A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen【解析】pretend后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。【答案】A5. The patient was warned _ only food after the operation.A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating【解析】warn一词要求后用不定式，否定形式为be warned not to do。【答案】C6. Days of snowstorms have left the city _ under thick layers of ice and some 50,000 homes without power.A. to be trapped B. trappedC. having trapped D. being trapped【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：连日的暴雪使这个城市陷入厚厚的冰雪中，大约5万个家庭停电。此处是leave宾语补语结构，the city与trap之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，故选B项。【答案】B7. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if _ properly, may contribute to spreading diseases.A. not handled B. not being handledC. not to be handled D. not having been handled【答案】A8. Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.A. Smith has taken an extra job B. the boss has given Smith an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to Smith【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对1万美元的账单，史密斯又找了一份工作。前半句是过去分词作状语，只有主、从句主语一致的时候，才能用非谓语动词作状语，所以主句主语与be faced with的主语一致，故选A项。【答案】A1. A study of travelers _ （conduct）by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 【错因分析】conducting。有的考生以为此处为-ing形式作后置定语而误填conducting。【参考答案】conducted。过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词作定语Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。动名词作定语和动词不定式作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。2. What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to air condition a house without _（use）electric equipment.【错因分析】used。有的考生认为此处为过去分词作定语而误填used。【试题解析】由空格前的介词without可知，空格处应该使用动名词形式。【参考答案】using动名词和现在分词的同与不同相同之处：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful. 能做演讲，他肯定很开心。（现在分词短语，作状语）She hates speaking in the public. 她讨厌做演讲。（动名词短语，作宾语）区别：1）动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：a. 作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于是，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变。My hobby is swimming.可改为：Swimming is my hobby. 我的爱好是游泳。b. 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置，例如：The story is interesting. 不可改为：Interesting is the story. 这个故事很有趣。2）动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时表性质、状态或动作等。比较：a swimming boy一个正在游泳的男孩，即a boy who is swimming，现在分词swimming表示被修饰名词boy的动作。a swimming suit游泳衣，即a suit for swimming，动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。常见考法1. 动名词做主语时，谓语动词的数；2. 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词；3. 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语；4. 有些词后只能接动名词；5. 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法。误区提醒1. 动名词(短语)作主语，谓语数用错；2. to作不定式符号和介词分不清；3. 否定形式not位置不对；4. 动名词和现在分词的用法弄混；5. 只接动名词的动词和短语、句型识记不完整。1. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling【解析】appreciate后可直接加动名词作宾语，也可加动名词的复合结构。故选C。【答案】C2. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowedC. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed【答案】B3. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending【解析】错选C。此句缺少主语。A、C为句子，但无引导词，故排除;B项逻辑上及形式上都不对。正确答案D，为一动名词复合结构。【答案】D4. On the bank of the river, we found him _ on a bench, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky.A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixingC. seated; being fixed D. sitting; fixed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现他坐在河岸边的长椅上，眼睛盯着空中的风筝。第一空用seated或sitting作宾语补足语；第二空是with的复合结构，由fix one's eyes on sth可知这里用过去分词fixed，故选D项。【答案】D5. _ by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain makes it a famous tourist attraction.A. Surrounded B. Being surrounded C. Having been surrounded D. Surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被美丽的绿色的山包围着而且位于庐山的山脚下使得它成为一个著名的旅游胜地。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，且surround与it之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式，故选B项。【答案】B6. As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, _.A. Paris is the largest B. Paris being the largestC. Paris to be the largest D. Paris be the largest【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：众所周知，蒙特利尔是世界上说法语的第二大城市，巴黎是第一大城市。前半句是简单句，中间没有连词，所以后半句需要用独立主格结构作状语，且Paris和be之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故选B项。【答案】B7. Put everything _ to you in your bag, not others.A. belongs B. belongedC. belonging D. to belong【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：把所有属于你的物品而不是别人的放进你的包里。分析句子结构可知，此处是分词作定语，belong to是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，与everything之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故选C项。【答案】C8. Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they can _ against national smog.A. fight B. fought C. fighting D. to fight【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家的每个人都应该努力并尽自己所能去抵抗全国性的雾霾。分析句子结构可知，what they can是do的宾语，后面应该接不定式表目的，故选D项。【答案】D9. Shall we put off the match because of the bad weather?No. Rain or shine, the match will be held as _.A. schedule B. schedulingC. scheduled D. to schedule【答案】C1. Peters Chinese was poor when he came to China, so he couldnt make himself _ （understand）.（单句语法填空）【错因分析】易误填understand。有些同学一看到make，就想起了make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。易误填understand。但是此句中主语是he，make后面是himself，表达的是使他自己被听懂，被弄明白。make oneself done使某人自己被。【试题解析】句意：当彼得来中国时，他的汉语很差，所以他不能清楚地表达自己。himself与understand为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填understood。【参考答案】understood过去分词作宾语补足语I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语。With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。2. He had his watch _ (steal) on the bus the other day.【错因分析】to be stone。有的考生误以为是不定式的被动式作补语，从而误填to be stolen。【参考答案】stolen不定式作宾补Father will not allow us to play on the street. 爸爸不允许我们在街上玩耍。1. Unless _, the fridge wont work properly.A. repairing B. having repairedC. being repaired D. repaired【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除非维修，否则冰箱不能正常工作。在作状语的分词前常可加一个时间、条件或让步状语的引导词来表示逻辑关系。本题中the fridge与repair之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，故选D。【答案】D2. Whats in the parcel?Some clothes _ to our son this afternoon.A. sent B. being sentC. to send D. to be sent【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个包裹里面装着什么？一些下午要送给儿子的衣服。由this afternoon可知，此处表示将来的动作，故用不定式形式；又由于clothes和send之间是被动关系，故选D项。【答案】D3. The young actor has broken his marriage faith with his wife for another actress, _ much comment against him in blogs.A. setting off B. to set apartC. setting forth D. to set on【答案】A4. _ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they havent saved enough money.A. Buy B. BuyingC. Bought D. Having bought【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：买一套新房对这对年轻夫妇来说是不可能的，因为他们没有攒到足够的钱。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语，故选B项。【答案】B5. Every book _ from the library should be returned on time.A. borrow B. to borrowC. borrowing D. borrowed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从图书馆借的每本书都要按时归还。句中用分词作定语，every book和borrow之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，故选D。【答案】D6. _ from J. K. Rowlings book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.A. Adapting B. Having adaptedC. Adapted D. To be adapted【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：改编自J.K.罗琳的同名小说，哈利波特系列电影被普遍认为是经典影片。句中用分词作状语，movies和adapt之间是被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词，故选C。【答案】C7. _ to teaching, as we know, contributes to his popularity with his students.A. To devote B. DevotedC. Being devoted D. Devoting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：正如我们知道的那样，对教学的热爱使得他受到学生的爱戴。be devoted to献身于，热爱。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语，故选C。【答案】C8. Please speak aloud to make yourself _ (hear).【解析】根据句意，这里是被动，由make sth done（使某物被做）可知，空格处应该填hear的过去分词作补语。本句意为：请大声点讲以便让别人听见。【答案】heard1. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _ (wear) sun glasses.【答案】wearing2. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _ (be) late for school.【答案】being【解析】考查动名词。介词about后应该跟名词或动名词，故用being。3. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop.【答案】to stop【解析】考查不定式。动词refuse后要接不定式作宾语，refuse to do sth拒绝做某事。4. Still, the boy kept _