牛津译林版八年级下册英语：Unit 5 Good manners 词汇与语法基础训练-精选文档.docx

要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的，看不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 Unit 5 Good manners与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。 课本、报刊杂志中的成语、名言警句等俯首皆是,但学生写作文运用到文章中的甚少,即使运用也很难做到恰如其分。为什么?还是没有彻底“记死”的缘故。要解决这个问题,方法很简单,每天花3-5分钟左右的时间记一条成语、一则名言警句即可。可以写在后黑板的“积累专栏”上每日一换,可以在每天课前的3分钟让学生轮流讲解,也可让学生个人搜集,每天往笔记本上抄写,教师定期检查等等。这样,一年就可记300多条成语、300多则名言警句,日积月累,终究会成为一笔不小的财富。这些成语典故“贮藏”在学生脑中,自然会出口成章,写作时便会随心所欲地“提取”出来,使文章增色添辉。 知识精讲一、必背词汇litter n. 垃圾，杂物 vi.&vt.乱丢杂物tap n. 水龙头；旋塞run vi. 流动pick vt. 采，摘obey vt. &vi. 遵守，顺从queue vi. （人、车等）排队等候turn n. 轮流，（轮流的）顺序proper adj. 符合习俗的；正确的greet vt. 问候，打招呼kiss n. 亲吻close adj. 亲密的；严密的conversation n. （非正式）交谈，谈话avoid vt. 避免subject n. 话题；主题behave vi.&vt. 表现public n. 民众，群体 adj.公共的，公开的push vi.&vt. 推，挤bump vi.&vt. 撞，碰touch vt. 触摸，碰excuse vt. 原谅，宽恕till conj. 到时，直到为止as conj. 正如，如同saying n. 谚语，格言Roman n. 罗马人discussion n. 讨论express vt. 表达explain vt. &vi. 解释warn vt.&vi.警告，告诫parking n. 停车successful adj. 成功的sometime adv.(=some time)在某时risk vt. 冒险做worm n. 软体虫，蠕虫pain n. 痛,疼痛gain n. 收获indeed adv. 真正地practice n. 练习；训练；实践candle n. 蜡烛purpose n. 目的content n. 内容,；目录conclusion n. 总结，归纳guest n. 客人，宾客host n. 主人；主持impolite adj. 不礼貌的manner n.礼貌，礼仪；规矩polite adj. 礼貌的loud adj. 大声的第 17 页二、重点词汇1. pick verb /pk/1). to take some things and leave others挑选；选择例句： She was picked to play for the team. 她被选中代表该队参赛。2). to remove separate things or small pieces from something, especially with the fingers从上剔除；采，摘例句： He picked the watch up from the carpet.他从地毯上把表捡起来。2. subject noun /sb.dekt/1). the thing that is being discussed, considered, or studied主题，话题；问题；题目例句： Our subject for discussion is homelessness. 我们讨论的话题是无家可归问题。2). an area of knowledge that is studied in school, college, or university学科；科目；专业例句： My favourite subjects at school were history and English. 上学时我最喜欢的科目是历史和地理。3. excuse verb /kskjuz/v.1). to forgive someone原谅；宽恕例句：Nothing can excuse that sort of behaviour. 无论如何那种行为都是不可原谅的。2). excuse mea polite way of attracting someone's attention, especially of someone you do not know（用于礼貌地引起他人、尤其是陌生人的注意）劳驾，打扰，请原谅例句： Excuse me, does this bus go to Oxford Street? 打扰一下，请问这辆公共汽车去牛津大街吗？n.a reason that you give to explain why you did something wrong（辩解的）理由，借口例句：He'd better have a good excuse for being late. 他迟到最好有正当的理由。【拓展】make excusesto give false reasons why you cannot do something找借口；编理由例句：You're always making excuses for not helping me. 你总是找种种借口不来帮我。4. express verb /kspres/to show a feeling, opinion, or fact陈述；表达；表露例句： Her eyes expressed deep sadness. 她眼神中流露出深切的悲伤。【拓展】express yourselfto communicate what you think or feel, by speaking or writing, or in some other way表达自己（的想法或感受）例句：I'm afraid I'm not expressing myself very clearly. 恐怕我没把我的意思表达清楚。5. manner noun /mæn.r/1). the way in which something is done方式，方法例句：She stared at me in an accusing manner. 她以责备的目光注视着我。2). the usual way in which you behave towards other people, or the way you behave on a particular occasion态度；举止例句： She has a somewhat cold, unfriendly manner. 她的态度相当冷淡、不友好。三、必背短语shake sb's hand 与某人握手in public 公开地，在别人面前push in <英>插队，加塞 =<美>cut inexcuse me 劳驾by accident 偶然，意外地soon after 不久以后above all 首要的是cut in on 打断（谈话），插嘴in someone's way 挡住某人的路keep from 保护，使免受as well 也，还有四、经典句型1. You're old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo.霍波，现在你足够大了，可以学习礼仪了。2. You should learn about manners too.你也应该学习礼仪了。3. You're never too old to learn.学无止境。4. What's the proper way to greet people there, Jenny?珍妮，在那里问候人的正确方式是什么？5. But please avoid subjects like age, weight or money.但是请避免问及一些像年龄、体重或钱这样的话题。6. These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.这些规则很重要，因为我们要确保主人和客人都在餐桌旁感到舒适。三点剖析一、考点1. enough to的用法1). 该结构表示“某人/某物在某方面已经能够达到做某事的程度”，即“某人/某物足够可以做某事”。enough 作副词时，需要放在被修饰词的后面。例句： The ice is hard enough to skate on.冰层够坚固，可以在上面滑冰。The water may not be warm enough to swim in. 水可能不够暖，还不适合游泳。2). 有时根据需要，动词不定式前还可加上由for 引出的逻辑主语。例句：This exercise is hard enough for a nine-year-old boy to do.这个练习对一个九岁的男孩来说做起来够难的。It's easy enough for us to carry such a light box.对我们来说，搬运这么轻的箱子足够容易了。3). 与so.that 句型的转换。可转换为：主语+be so+adj.+that sb.can do sth.例句：He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.他身体足够健壮，能搬动这个重箱子。4). 与too.to 句型的转换。主语+be not+ adj.+enough to do sth.= 主语+be+too+adj.(反义词)+to do sth.例句：The old man isn't young enough to climb the mountain. The old man is too old to climb the mountain.这位老人年纪太大了，不能登山。2. tooto的用法1). 该结构形式是肯定的，但表达否定意义，表示“太而不能”。too 后面接形容词或副词的原级，to后面接动词原形，构成动词不定式。例句： He is too young to join the army. 他年龄太小，不能参军。2). 动词不定式所表示的动作，其执行者与整个句子的主语不指同一个人或物时，需要在动词不定式前加上一个逻辑主语。例句： The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难了，我解不出它。3). too 前面含有表示否定意义的词，如not、never、nothing 等时，tooto结构不表示否定意义。例句： One is never 100 old to learn. 活到老，学到老。4). tooto结构与enough to结构以及sothat结构的相互转换。(1). 将tooto结构转换为enough to结构需注意：Ø enough前的形容词或副词应是too后面的形容词或副词的反义词。Ø enough to结构应用否定式。Ø tooto结构有逻辑主语时，enough to结构也要加上逻辑主语。例句： She is too young to do the work.She isn't old enough to do the work.她太年轻了，不能做这项工作。(2). 将tooto结构转换为sothat结构时要注意：Ø sothat结构是复合句，so后面接形容词或副词，that后面接从句。Ø that后面的从句要用否定形式。例句：She is too young to do the work. She is so young that she can't do the work.她太年轻了，不能做这项工作。二、易错点1. loud和loudly1). loud作副词时意为“大声地，响亮地”，常用于谈笑方面，指说话声和笑声，一般和speak、talk、laugh、sing等动词连用，常用于比较级；它除作副词外还可作形容词。例句：Try to sing louder. 试着再大点儿声唱。2). loudly意为“大声地”，可指人声、敲门声或其他声音，强调声音喧闹、不悦耳。例句：He argued with his father loudly. 他大声地和父亲争辩。2. sometime; some time; sometimes; some times1). sometime用作副词时，意为“某个时候”，可指过去或将来的某个时候；用作形容词时，意为“间或的，偶尔的”。例句：It happened sometime last month. 此事发生在上个月的某个时候。2). some time作名词词组，意为“一段时间”；作副词词组，意为“在某时”，相当于sometime。例句：I stayed here for some time. 我在这儿待了一段时间。3). sometimes频度副词，意为“有时”。例句：Sometimes they make model ships. 有时他们制作轮船模型。4). some times意为“几次”。例句：We have been there some times. 我们已经去过那儿几次了。题模精选题模一：Unit 5 词汇应用例1.1.1 -Dont _ so rudely while were talking, OK?-Im sorry, but I really have something important to say.A cut outB cut downC cut offD cut in例1.1.2 根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。1). If you dont look after your pet bird in _ (正确的) ways, it will get ill easily.2). The charity aims to provide help for people _ (在困难时).题模二：语法-enough to和tooto的用法例1.2.1 -Jim, I went to the concert last night. How big the hall is!-Yes, it is _ to hold more than one thousand people.A big enoughB enough bigC too bigD too small例1.2.2 翻译句子。1). 安迪很大方，给我们大家买了漂亮的礼物。_2). 西蒙不够强壮，不能游到河对面。_随堂练习随练1.1 There were some big stones _ my way _ my way home.A in; onB on; inC in; byD at; by随练1.2 They always warn us _ ball games on the road to avoid _ ourselves.A to not play; hurtingB not to play; to hurtC not play; hurtingD not to play; hurting随练1.3 -It's a waste of water to leave the tap _.-Right. We should do what we can _ water.A to run; to saveB run; to saveC running; saveD running; to save随练1.4 Dont _ if you want to be a polite person.A queue for your turnB cut in onC behave properlyD be patient随练1.5 根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。1. When you visit a foreign country, it is necessary to know how to ask for help _ (礼貌地).2. Many people are _ (排队等候) at the supermarket gate. What are they going to buy ?3. The teacher told us not to leave _ (垃圾) in the classroom.4. Don't _ (摘)flowers in the garden. It's not good.5. It's your _ (机会) to clean the classroom today, Sandy.6. Everyone makes mistakes. No one is _ (完美的).7. Jill is 19 years old, so we should buy 19 _ (蜡烛).8. We can see some public _ (指示牌) over there.9. Im still not clear about it. Could you _ (解释) it to me again?10. Have you _ (警告) them not to smoke here?随练1.6 -Who can help me carry the heavy box?-I think Ted is _ to do it. But the door is _ for him to go through.A too strong; too narrowB so strong; narrow enoughC enough strong; narrow enoughD strong enough; too narrow自我总结课后作业作业1 -It's dangerous to drive after drinking.-That's true. It can increase the _ of traffic accidents.A advantageB stressC safetyD risk作业2 You should avoid _ books in the sun. It's bad for your eyes, children.A readB readingC to readD to reading作业3 -I'll be away for a long time.-Don't worry. She can look after your pet _.A careful enoughB enough carefulC carefully enoughD enough carefully作业4 -Teamwork is very important in a football match.-I think so. _A The early bird catches the worm.B Every dog has its day.C One tree can't make a forest.D Everything comes to him who waits.作业5 -I havent seen my grandparents for long. Im too busy _ them these days.-Why not call them instead?A visitB to visitC visitingD visited作业6 翻译句子。1. 会议室够大,可以容纳100人。_2. 他太忙了，不能按时完成作业。_3. 我很幸运，赶上了最后一班公共汽车。_4. 她很友善,给了我们免费的午餐。_5. 他们太穷了，买不起房子。_答案解析题模精选题模一：Unit 5 词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】D【解析】 考查动词短语辨析，cut out剪下，删掉；cut down砍倒，减少；cut off切掉，切断；cut in打断（谈话），根据句意可知应选D。例1.1.2【答案】 1). proper2). in need【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。题模二：语法-enough to和tooto的用法例1.2.1【答案】A【解析】 考查enough to和tooto结构辨析，末句句意：是的，它足够大，可以容纳一千多人。本句表达肯定意义，故选项C、D排除；enough修饰形容词时应后置。故选A。例1.2.2【答案】 1). Andy was generous enough to buy nice presents for all of us.2). Simon is too weak to swim across the river./ Simon is not strong enough to swim across the river.【解析】 考查本课语法的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】A【解析】 考查介词，句意：昨天在我回家的路上，有一些大石头挡了我的路。in one's way 挡某人的路；on one's way在某人去的路上。故选A。随练1.2【答案】D【解析】 考查固定搭配，句意：他们总是警告我们不要在路上玩球类游戏以避免伤害我们自己。warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事。故选D。随练1.3【答案】D【解析】 考查固定搭配，句意:让水龙头开着是浪费水。对的。我们应该做我们所能做的来节约水。前空考查“leave sth.+动词-ing”结构；后空考查动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。随练1.4【答案】B【解析】 考查固定搭配，句意：如果你想成为一个有礼貌的人，不要打断别人。queue for your turn 意为“按次序排队”；behave properly 意为“举止得当”；be patient 意为“有耐心”；三种都是有礼貌的行为，不符合句意；cut in on others 意为“打断别人”，是没有礼貌的行为。故选B。随练1.5【答案】 1. politely2. queuing3. litter4. pick5. turn6. perfect7. candles8. signs9. explain10. warned【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随练1.6【答案】D【解析】 考查enough to和tooto结构辨析，句意：-谁能帮我提这个重箱子？-我想特德足够强壮可以提，但门太窄了，他通不过。enough 修饰形容词/ 副词时，置于其后；“too+形容词/副词+to+动词原形”意为“太而不能”。故选D。课后作业作业1【答案】D【解析】 考查名词辨析，句意：-酒后开车是危险的。-那是真的。它会增加交通事故的风险。考查名词辨析。advantage 优点；stress 压力；safety 安全；rick 风险。故选D。作业2【答案】B【解析】 考查固定搭配，句意：你们应该避免在阳光下看书。这对你们的眼睛不好，孩子们。avoid 后接动词应该用v.-ing形式。故选B。作业3【答案】C【解析】 考查enough修饰形容词和副词时用法，句意：-我将离开很长时间。-不要担心。她能足够细心地照顾你的宠物。此空修饰动词短语look after，要用副词，故排除A 和B；enough 修饰副词时，置于其后。故选C。作业4【答案】C【解析】 考查英语谚语辨析，句意：-在足球比赛中团队精神非常重要。-我认为是这样。独木不成林。选项A 意为“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”；选项B 意为“凡人皆有得意时；每个人都有出头的一天”；选项C意为“独木不成林”；选项D意为“功夫不负有心人”由Teamwork可知选C。作业5【答案】B【解析】 考查tooto结构，句意：-我很久没有见过我的外祖父母了。这些天我太忙了以至于不能去看望他们。-为什么不打电话给他们？“太而不能”结构中to 后接动词原形。故选B。作业6【答案】 1. The meeting room is big enough to hold 100 people.2. He was too busy to finish the homework on time./ He was not free enough to finish the homework on time.3. I was lucky enough to catch the last bus.4. She was kind enough to give us free lunch.5. They are too poor to buy a house./ They are not rich enough to buy a house.【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。