路基防护工程施工作业指导书.doc

Fourth chapter of carbon safety responsibility system at various levels of the company, General Manager of security responsibilities 1, overall responsibility for the company's safety; 2, strict implementation of national safety guidelines, policies, laws, regulations and directives and to establish and improve the responsibility system for production safety; 3, developed safety rules and regulations; 4, to ensure the effective implementation of safety production inputs; 5, supervision, inspection of production safety work, elimination of production safety accidents in a timely manner. 6, organizations develop and implement production safety accident emergency plan; 7, according to accident "four no" principle of organization to the investigation and handling of major incidents, with a report back to the Board of Directors of the company, the Executive Board decisions. Biotech chief security responsibilities 1, timely convey the relevant directives, regulations, standards of production safety; 2, when the conflict should be subject to safety and security, organized, directed under the prerequisite of ensuring the safety production to prevent assault or overload the production to ensure safety; 3, supervise operation of worker training and assessment, strict implementation of the processing operation, strict implementation of the safety management system procedures and to ensure safety; 4, when the total technology plan, safety measures as an important content should be included in the project; 5, responsible for production accidents investigation, treatment, statistics and reporting work. 6, the preparation of new devices starts programme review of technical operation, release process specification and inspection of the implementation; 7, in the formulation of technical measures and changes in the operating conditions must be consistent with safety requirements, to evaluate security technology and projects such as improving working conditions; 8, discovery, to stop the violation of the safety management system and reporting to the supervisor, Deputy General Manager, notify the relevant departments; 9, responsible for water, electricity, steam and wind stopped sending and its not normal or emergency safety measures; 10, production in the event of danger or accident, to take decisive measures to prevent the situation, and to immediately notify the relevant departments; 11, responsible for the investigation and handling of run, run, strings or other material and other production accidents, and statistical reporting, participation in major accident investigation work; 12 participate in safety inspections, and keep track of safety dynamics, praise or criticism in dispatching to the relevant units in a timely manner. Scheduling safety responsibility system of carbon facility system security on duty period is to run total Commander, on reasonable economic operation and the correctness of the operations command, responsible for security. Should be familiar with the accident investigation procedures, safe work procedures, production scheduling procedures and related technical regulations and company procedures,长吉城际铁路CJCJ-1标 路基防护工程 施工作业指导书（DK9+508.98DK31+105.80）编制： 复核： 日期： 长吉城际铁路CJCJ-1标工程指挥部二工区路基防护工程施工作业指导书1 目的明确路基防护工程施工工艺、操作要点和相应的工艺标准，指导、规范路基防护、挡土墙工程施工。2 编制依据客运专线铁路路基工程施工质量验收暂行标准客运专线铁路路基工程施工技术指南铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工规范 铁路路基边坡绿色防护技术暂行规定新建铁路长吉城际铁路施工图设计文件3 适用范围适用于新建铁路长吉城际铁路路基防护与支挡工程施工。4 施工工艺及技术要求4.1路基防护及支挡的一般规定使用的砂浆或混凝土必须有配合比和强度试验，并留够试件。石质强度应符合设计要求。施工所用砂浆、混凝土，应用机械拌和，不应直接在砌体面上或路面上以人工拌和，并应随拌随用。4.1.1边坡防护在所有路堤的基床表层以下路堤边坡的外边缘处，水平铺设宽度不小于3.0m的双向土工格栅。当路基土石方施工时或完毕后，应及时进行路基防护施工。各类防护与加固应在稳定的基础或坡体上施工。设有支挡结构物及排除地下水设施地段，应先作好支挡结构物、排水设施，再施作防护工程。防护的坡体表面应进行检查处理，防护设施应与坡面密贴结合。施工前应先清刷坡面浮土，填补坑凹，使坡面大体平整。路基防护所设置的泄水孔的位置、布置形式、孔径尺寸及泄水孔背反滤层的材料、设置应符合设计要求，且排水畅通。砌体及反滤层（或垫层）的材料、设置应符合设计要求。4.1.2路基支挡岩体破碎或土质松软、有水地段，修建支挡结构应按结构要求适当分段，及时施工，不应长段拉开挖基。支挡结构基坑开挖前，应做好排水设施。基坑开挖后应及时进行基础及墙身施工，并做好墙后排水设施，及时回填或填筑路堤。支挡结构的各部尺寸应符合设计要求。支挡结构背后填料及压实度应符合设计要求。支挡结构端部伸入路堤或嵌入地层部分应与墙体一起施工。路堑支挡结构顶面应抹平与边坡相接，其间孔隙应填实并封闭。支挡结构与桥台连接时，应协调配合施工；必要时应加临时支撑，保证相接填方或地基土层的稳定。支挡结构基础基坑开挖后，要核对地质资料，经验收合格后，方可进行基础施工，当与设计不符时应及时反馈。泄水孔、反滤层、排水层、隔水层、沉降缝和伸缩缝设置应符合设计要求。4.2 边坡防护施工工艺及技术要求4.2.1施工方法及工艺干、浆砌片石边坡准备：边坡砌筑应在坡面密实、平整、稳定后，方可铺砌。石料等级应符合设计要求。砌筑前，其表面泥土、水锈应清洗干净。挖基：护坡施工采用人工挖基，人工刷坡，砌筑前，将基底平整夯实，检查合格后方可进行砌筑。 砌筑：片石采用挤浆法施工，铺砌时自下而上进行，砌块不得大面平铺，石块应彼此交错搭接，错缝一般为78cm ，不得松动，严禁浮塞。砂浆在砌体内必须饱满、密实，不得有悬浆。砌体宜用15cm以上的块(片)石。干砌边坡表面应平整，如遇坚石可挖成台阶。砌体护坡分段施工时，每隔1015m宜设一道伸缩缝，并做好伸缩、沉降缝及泄水孔，泄水孔后面，应设置反滤层。勾缝养生：勾缝前，应先将松动和变形处修整完好，干砌护坡勾缝应在路堤沉降已趋稳定后进行。浆砌片石应进行洒水养生。砂浆凝固后，墙面全部刷干净，使外貌整洁美观。边坡植物防护准备阶段：喷植前应修好天沟等排水设施，修整坡面，嵌补凹槽、坑洼、准备好喷混材料等。喷射混合物由黏土、谷壳、锯末、水泥及复合肥等拌合，喷混材料应随拌随喷。粘土要先放在搅拌机中预拌，粉碎成粉状达到要求后，再加草籽和化肥，拌合均匀。备好风、水、电。备好塑料网、梯架。喷播操作：检查风、水、电路与机具。在已修整好的边坡上先撒上一层客土。人员与喷射机就位，调整好进料阀门，向机组的料斗中加料。打开进风管阀门，开启喷头水阀，湿润坡面。调整供水量，使混合料湿润成浆状，喷到坡面上的泥浆光泽而不下流。喷射枪尽量垂直坡面，从上到下反复喷射数次达设计厚度。喷射厚度为0.080.1m。停料、断水电、关闭风路、停机。回收回弹料。养护：护坡喷植后，进行不少于20天的喷(洒)水养生，务使喷植护坡始终具有足够水份，促使草籽发芽、生长。 栽植乔木、灌木种植前的准备工作a.苗木准备根据工程设计图纸，列出苗木的品种、数量、规格、落实苗木供应来源，以及运到栽植地的运输情况及方法。对符合规格、生长健壮无病虫害的苗木，逐株做记号。高质量的苗木应具备的条件：根系发达完整，主根短直，接近根茎范围内有较多的侧根和须根，起苗后根系无劈裂；苗木粗壮通直；主侧枝分布均匀，能构成完美的树冠；无病虫害和机械损伤。b.植前整地及放线根据设计图纸要求，栽植地土质应基本满足植物生长需要，如发现土质太差，在栽植前换填种植土，以保植株成活。根据图纸，在现场找出苗木实际栽植位置，用白灰撒处灰点，进行定点放线。一般采用行列式放线法及等距弧线放线法。c.树穴的开挖树穴开挖一般在运取苗木前12天进行。种植穴的大小依土球及根系情况而定，带土球的应比土球大1620cm，穴的深度一般比球高度稍深1020cm，栽植裸根苗木应保护根系充分舒展，树穴必须保证上下口径一致，避免出现上大下小的“锅底坑”，挖出的表土、心土应分别堆放。 苗木栽植施工要点a.栽植时间：应尽量缩短起苗与栽苗之间的时间差，做到随起随栽。b.苗木运输：在运输过程中，所有植物必须有良好的包装，以保证不受太阳、风吹等不良气候的侵害。裸根植物的根系应沾泥浆，并包在稻草袋中，常绿树及灌木应有土球及草袋包装，到现场及种植前保持完好土球。c.苗木种植：将苗木的根系或土球放入树穴内，使其居中再将树木立起，保证垂直，然后分层回填种植土。一般每层2030cm，先填较肥沃的表土，填土后将树根稍向上一提，使根系舒展，用锨把将土捣实，直至填满穴坑。土痕应略平稍高于坑口，防止栽植后出现陷落、下沉，导致树干基部积水腐烂。坑土填平后，用余土环树，筑起拦水围堰并拍实以利浇水，高度不低于15cm。d.苗木浇灌：新植苗木的浇灌应以天然水为佳，之后48小时之内必须浇上一遍水，第二遍水随后进行，第三遍水在第二遍水后510天内进行。注意浇水必须浇足浇透，浇完第三遍后，应及时封堰，并在树干基部周围堆成2030cm高的土堆，以保持土壤内水分。4.2.2施工工艺干、浆砌片石边坡测 量 放 样开工申请报告基 坑 开 挖工、料、机准备测量放样资料基 底 检 查沉降缝设置砌体养护砌筑坡面回填验收勾 缝片石边坡施工工艺框图边坡植物防护修整骨架内坡面铺撒客土喷播植草养护管理 边坡植物防护施工工艺框图4.2.3边坡防护技术措施干、浆砌片石边坡砌体应分层、分段砌筑，浆砌片石采用挤浆法砌筑，应坐浆饱满，各砌块的砌缝应相互错开，不得有通缝和空缝，表面平顺整齐，与边坡嵌接牢固密贴。砌筑完成后应及时采取有效的养护措施。骨架砌筑前应按设计型式、尺寸挂线放样，开挖沟槽，沟槽尺寸根据骨架尺寸而定。砌筑骨架应从衔接处开始，自下而上砌筑，两骨架衔接处应处于同一高度。骨架应与坡面密贴，骨架流水面应与草坡表面平顺。骨架基础与下部侧沟平台，浆砌片石或浆砌片石水沟连接时，应整体砌筑，灰浆饱满不留缝隙。边坡植物防护骨架内铺立体植被护坡网时，在纵横向每隔1m左右用不短于15cm竹钉垂直打入边坡固定，客土后夯拍，使网与坡面密贴。草籽需选用根系发达茎矮叶茂且适于本地区成活的多年生草种，喷播草籽含量每平方米不小于1520g。完成喷播后，需及时进行洒水养生。对漏喷、草籽发芽成活过9稀部位还应进行补喷。种草时分撒播和行播两种方式，草籽埋入深度不小于5cm，为使草籽均匀分布，可将种子与砂、干土或锯末混合。草籽养生期内，需用透气农膜覆盖，避免雨水冲刷。路堑边坡较陡或较高时，可通过试验采用草籽与含肥料的有机质泥浆混合，喷射于坡面。喷射机作业应严格执行操作规程：应连续向喷射机供料；保持喷射机工作风压稳定；完成或因故中断喷射作业时，应将喷射机和输料管内的积料清除干净。4.2.4注意事项干、浆砌片石边坡干、浆砌片石边坡防护施工前，应将坡面杂质、浮土、松动石块及表层风化破碎岩体等清除干净；当有潜水露出时，应作引水或截流处理。防护工程的各种防护都必须加强基础处理和圬工质量，防止水流冲刷和淘空，保证路基稳定。边坡植物防护喷播植草应按设计要求施工，喷播材料与草籽应按配比充分搅拌均匀，清理好的坡面应提前湿润，喷洒应自下而上进行，草籽喷洒应均匀，不得流淌。植物防护工程施工应根据植物的特性，适时种植，避免在暴雨季节、大风和高温条件下施工。喷播植草时大面积的喷播工程应先进行试播，以得到合理的种子、肥料、农药、保水剂和营养土等的配合比，将混合料按一定比例加水制成喷投物料，喷投物料应有一定的稳定性，喷到预定的坡面上切忌浆材沿坡面流动。4.3路基支挡施工工艺及技术要求4.3.1施工方法及工艺挡墙挖基：挡墙基础采用人工进行开挖，采用分段开挖方式。路堤墙一般在路基填筑前进行施工，但填土面与墙体砌筑顶面高差不得超过1.0m。堑墙的地基承载力满足要求后进行路堑墙开挖的施工。路堤墙基础沿线路方向位于斜坡上时，基底纵坡应不陡于5%，若陡于5%时基底做成台阶式。路堑挡墙基础应在路肩或侧沟平台以下不小于1.2m，并低于侧沟砌体底面不小于0.2m。地质不良地段，应分段跳槽开挖，并及时浇筑墙身。临时开挖边坡一般应与墙背保持一致。现浇墙身混凝土：现浇钢筋混凝土挡土墙与基础的结合面，应按施工缝处理，即先进行凿毛，将松散部分的混凝土及浮浆凿除，并用水清洗干净，然后架立墙身模板，混凝土开始浇灌时，先在结合面上刷一层水泥浆或垫一层23公分厚的1：2水泥砂浆再浇灌墙身混凝土。墙身模板采用大块钢模板拼装，墙身模板视高度情况分一次立模到顶和二次立模的办法，一般4米高之内为一次立模，超过4米高的可分二次立模。当混凝土落高大于2.0m时，要采用串筒输送混凝土入模，避免混凝土产生离析。混凝土由混凝土搅拌站加工，用混凝土运输车运至现场，在墙顶搭设平台，用吊机吊送混凝土至平台进行浇灌，混凝土浇灌从低处开始分层均匀进行，分层厚度一般为30cm，采用插入式振捣器振捣，振捣棒移动距离不应超过其作用半径的1.5倍，并与侧模保持510cm的距离，切勿漏振或过振。在混凝土浇灌过程中，如表面泌水过多，应及时将水排走或采取逐层减水措施，以免产生松顶，浇灌到顶面后，应及时抹面，定浆后再二次抹面，使表面平整。墙身沿线路方向每隔1020m结合墙高或地基条件的变化设置伸缩缝或沉降缝，缝宽0.02m，缝内沿墙顶、内、外三边填塞沥青麻筋，深0.2m。混凝土浇灌过程中应派出木工、钢筋工、电工及试验工在现场值班，发现问题及时处理。混凝土试件制作应在拌和地点或浇灌地点随机制取，每作业班应制作不少于2组试件（每组3块）。混凝土浇灌完进行收浆后，应及时洒水养护，养护时间最少不得小于7天，在常温下一般24小时即可拆除墙身侧模板，拆模时，必须特别小心，切莫损坏墙面。泄水孔、反滤层：按设计要求铺设泄水孔、反滤层。回填：挡墙基础在施工完毕并经监理工程师检验合格后应及时进行回填，墙后填料必须满足设计要求，并做到分层填筑、分层夯实，夯实时应注意勿使墙身受到较大冲击影响。墙前基坑，非浸水地段用原土回填，夯实紧密；浸水地段用M7.5浆砌片石回填，并将回填面做成向外倾斜不小于4%的横向流水坡，以免积水软化地基。 为保证路堤墙在施工过程中的自身稳定，施工中墙背应及时回填夯实，填土面与墙体砌筑顶面高差不得超过1.0m。清理现场测量放线挖基基底检查砌墙体、设沉降缝、泄水孔配合比设计砂、石、水准备强度试验拆除养生勾缝、沉降缝处理不合格合格挡墙施工工艺挡墙施工工艺框图4.3.2技术措施挡墙施工前应做好截排水措施，雨天积水应随时排干。基坑砌筑前应将基底表面风化、松散土石清除挡墙砌筑应挂线施工，挤浆法砌筑。应同时砌筑预埋构件、检查梯、台阶、栏杆等，并应连结牢固。进行地基处理后，挡土墙基础采用人工配合挖掘机分段跳槽开挖。混凝土采用拌合站集中拌合，混凝土输送车运输，人工机械振捣。悬臂式路堤挡土墙采用C20混凝土，受力钢筋采用螺纹钢筋；分布钢筋采用光面钢筋，受力筋与分布筋用铁丝捆扎连接，使之成为一体。悬臂挡土墙墙址板与墙踵板一起浇注，立壁一次浇注完成严格按照设计文件施做沉降缝、伸缩缝、防水层、泄水孔。养生：采用覆盖草袋或毛毡洒水养生。回填：在墙内侧，泄水孔以下先夯填粘土，防止水下渗，粘土层以上，采用砂夹碎石作反滤层，确保水能够顺利从泄水孔中流出。4.3.3注意事项挡墙施工前应作好地面排水和安全生产的准备工作。浸水挡土墙宜在枯水季节施工。挡墙基坑开挖前，作好排水设施。基坑开挖后，及时进行基础及墙身施工，并作好墙后排水设施并及时回填。基坑开挖后，若发现地基与设计情况有出入，应按实际情况报监理工程师调整设计。挡土墙的底部、顶部和墙面外层宜先用较整齐的大块石砌筑。路堤墙当墙后地面横坡陡于1:5时，应将坡面挖成台阶和进行必要的处理后方可填筑，以免填方顺原地面滑动。砌体外露面和坡顶、边缘及边角应选用较大、平整并加凿修的石块砌筑。砌体应在砂浆凝结前将灰缝勾好，否则在砂浆凝结前将灰缝砂浆刮深50mm，为以后勾缝作好准备。砂浆凝固后，墙面全部刷干净，使外貌整洁美观。5 质量控制及检验5.1路基防护质量控制及检验5.1.1各种水泥砂浆、混凝土的强度等级和石料的强度均应符合设计要求，并应符合现行铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工规范（TB10210）和铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工施工质量验收标准（TB10424）的规定。植物防护施工应符合设计要求，并符合铁路路基边坡绿色防护技术暂行规定的规定，按铁路路基边坡绿色防护技术暂行规定进行验收。混凝土空心砖预制应符合设计要求，并符合现行铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工规范（TB10210）的规定。5.1.2检验方法边坡防护的要求如下：表5.11植物防护覆盖率、成活率序号项 目覆盖率（%）成活率（%）1一般地区植草防护土质路基边坡852石质路基边坡703种植藤本植物、灌木、乔木防护土质路基边坡804石质路基边坡705干旱地区植草防护土质路基边坡656种植藤本植物、灌木、乔木防护707寒冷地区植草防护土质路基边坡808石质路基边坡709种植藤本植物、灌木、乔木防护土质路基边坡7510石质路基边坡70表5.12 砌体施工允许偏差序号项 目允 许 偏 差浆砌片石干砌片石带截水沟浆砌片石混凝土预制块1平面位置±50mm±50mm±50mm±50mm2基底高程±50mm±50mm±50mm±50mm3坡顶高程20mm，020mm，020mm，020mm，04坡度±0.5%±0.5%±0.5%5护肩，镶边及基础厚度、宽度不小于设计值不小于设计值不小于设计值不小于设计值6砌石厚度不小于设计值不小于设计值7垫层厚度不小于设计值不小于设计值不小于设计值8坡面平整度30mm30mm30mm10mm9骨架净距±50mm10宽度及边槽高度不小于设计值11骨架厚度及嵌置深度不小于设计值12踏步宽度、厚度不小于设计值13混凝土板边长6mm，3mm14对角线长6mm，3mm15厚度4mm，2mm5.2路基支挡质量控制及检验路基支挡结构工程的检验项目、检验数量执行客运专线铁路路基工程施工质量验收暂行标准的规定，其中有耐久性设计要求的混凝土执行铁路混凝土工程施工质量验收补充标准（铁建设2005260号）。施工允许偏差应符合表5.21的要求。表5.21支挡结构施工允许偏差部位项目允许偏差（mm）基础前边缘距路基中线0，20宽度（前缘至后缘）0，20顶面高程（水平基线）±20墙身前边缘距路基中线0，20厚度（前缘至后缘）0，20顶面高程±20垂直度h5m10h5m15预制钢筋混凝土构件（板、柱、块体）长度柱10，5板、块体10，5板对角线差10横截面尺寸柱、块体±5板宽3，5高5，3厚4，2侧向弯曲柱L/750板、块体L/1000上表面平整5safety management system, main parameters and operating modes of the equipment. Adhere to the "safety and prevention first" approach, when an exception occurs when you run the device shall promptly inform the workshop leaders and to assist in handling the switching operation manner in accordance with the statutes or stop the run. Work in the scrutiny work of necessity and are consistent with the approved duration of maintenance, complete safety measures listed are correct. Often the scene, inspection and supervision system of discipline, the company's . Technology security officer security responsibilities 1, responsible for the enterprise of safety production supervision and inspection work, direct responsibility for job site safety. 2, helped lead the annual safety plan, pay special attention to the specific implementation and supervision. 3, helped lead the safety education lessons, building the training files. 4, often goes into the site to check safety. Find major accident hazards, empowered to stop the production, so as to avoid casualties and economic losses. To eliminate potential accidents, workshop or person entitled to require the relevant departments to immediately eliminate potential accidents. Could not be eliminated, immediately reported the leaders concerned and take measures to eliminate them. 5, helped lead the accident emergency drills and equipment, facility management, maintain equipment, good facilities. 6, do work safety statistical reports, and regular reporting. 7 assist leaders to do work such as rescuing people, and timely reporting of the accident. Shop Director responsibilities 1, Director of the production safety has overall responsibility for, Deputy Director in charge of business-wide security work; 2, seriously carry out the party and the country's work safety laws, regulations, standards, and research on safety technology, exemplary in the implementation of operational procedures and safety production management system, put an end to "three-violation" 2, the new workers (including internships, commissioned officers) to workshop safety education and to ensure that education, organize regular security assessment, without safety and security assessment does not qualify are not assigned work. Participate in security activity per week day, and solve problems in a timely manner; Revised version 3, organization development, safety management systems, safety procedures, safety measures, and is responsible for implementing; Monthly safety checks of the unit 4, organizations, implementation of rectification and guarantee the safety equipment, pipes, devices, fire equipment, fire-fighting equipment in good condition; 5, responsible for application level and fixed-ensue with fire: approve secondary fire, arrangements necessary to implement fire safety measures; 6, the incident happened, the workshop report and handle in a timely manner, to adhere to the "four no" principle: attention to protect the site, identifying causes, responsibility, to take preventive measures. Those responsible for the accident put forward opinions, executed after the approval of the competent authorities; 7, organization of production activities,