大钢模板工程作业指导书 定稿.doc

Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand中天四建区域公司大钢模板作业指导书总工室：金爱华2014.04.01目 录一.大钢模板构造二.大钢模板配板原则三.大钢模板出厂验收四.大钢模板进场准备五.大钢模板安装施工控制线六.大钢模板施工缝处理七.大钢模板顶模棍的设置八.大钢模板安装流程九.大钢模板安装要点十.大钢模板门窗洞口模板设置十一.全钢楼梯模板关键工序控制十二.大模板现场检查验收十三.大模板安装质量标准十四.大模板拆除要点十五.大模板存放有关规定十六.大钢模板使用过程中成品保护十七.大钢模板施工安全措施一.大钢模板构造 大钢模板系统由标准面板、钢龙骨、角板、堵头板、斜撑、操作平台挑架、穿墙螺栓等配件组成。标准板阳角模阴角模腰带模支架楼梯模板门窗洞口品牌中天 品质四建模板连接模板连接拼缝处连接异型模板加固模板连接器大模螺栓二.大钢模板配板原则1.大模板配板数量控制在80-120块（含角模），一段大模板、一段角模板。根据工程型体，板楼一般分为4个流水段组织流水，流水无间隔，拆模板不落地直接吊到待合模现场清理、刷脱模剂后合模板，每段当天入模板完成。总配板数量保证施工流水段塔吊的吊次与施工进度的搭配。2.大钢模板配置的高度一般为层高-楼板厚（最小）+50mm。3.塔吊的设置位置，应满足塔吊覆盖作业区的最远处起重重量不小于1.8t。三.大钢模板出厂验收 大模板出厂前，在模板加工厂家对加工成型的大钢模板进行验收检查，重点检查模板加工的尺寸、数量、面板平整度、对角线误差、板缝错台、焊缝焊接质量、主次龙骨设置间距是否符合要求，螺栓孔的设置位置和数量是否合理。 整体式大模板的制作允许偏差及检验方法及标准：四.大钢模板进场准备1.涂刷脱模剂 首次涂刷前，必须清理板面的油污和锈蚀，脱模剂涂抹要薄而匀，不得积存脱模剂或流淌。油性脱模剂（机油：柴油为3:7），涂刷脱模剂时，脱模剂涂抹要迅速，有流淌的使用丝布擦匀。涂刷脱模剂后的模板，长时间闲置或雨淋后应重新补刷。2.模板的试组装 在正式安装模板之前，应先根据模板的编号进行试验性安装，以检查模板的各尺寸是否合适，配件安装是否合适，模板的接缝是否严密，如发现问题应及时进行调整以保证模板工程顺利进行。五.大钢模板安装施工控制线 测量放线是建筑施工的前提，只有确保测量放线的准确，才能保证模板安装位置的准确。大模板施工控制线有门洞口边线、墙体边线、墙体大角折线、及上述边线的50控制线。为了控制外墙大阳角顺直，除采用内控法之外，还需要提前用经纬仪将外墙轴线及时投测到操作层下的混凝土墙体上，在安装外大角模板时，用线坠下层墙体轴线控制线吊垂直（2mm误差未合格）。墙柱边线200mm范围内顶板混凝土收面时，要压光找平。结构墙体边线及50控制线框架柱轴线、边线及50控制线六.大钢模板施工缝处理1.大模板根部施工缝剔凿 墙体大模板合模前，墙体根部混凝土浇筑完成混凝土强度达1.2Mpa后（经验判断方法：用铁钉划混凝土面，划痕清晰，不起块）才允许剔凿，剔除表面软弱砂浆层，露出坚硬石子。 墙根部混凝土剔凿品牌中天 品质四建六.大钢模板施工施工缝处理2.大模板合模板前顶板外帮施工缝处理浇注砼时外墙一周高出楼面30mm与模板平齐，墙内侧同楼面平，形成斜坡面楼板砼施工前安装吊绑模并高出楼面30mm左右 砼浇筑后吊绑模下移并重新加固，根据平整度情况在砼墙上口弹线 高顶板10mm采用云石机将墙外口弹线割切，割切深度5-10mm，切缝以上砼全部剔除。六.大钢模板施工施工缝处理3.墙体接高施工缝剔凿 内墙拆模后在砼墙顶弹水平线，切平，并对局部胀模部位进行打磨。施工缝处贴双面海绵条，砼拆模后对施工缝弹线进行并剔凿。 墙体上口不平进行切割并剔凿六.大钢模板施工施工缝处理 4.梁窝留置及墙体上预留梁窝切割、剔凿。预埋梁窝，泡沫与砼接触面包裹塑料膜，四周留20mm左右砼保护层厚度 泡沫板必须加固可靠，防止砼浇筑时位移拆模后对梁窝部位进行放样，洞口各边均向内退5mm，用切割机切口，深度在5-10mm六.大钢模板施工施工缝处理 4.梁窝留置及墙体上预留梁窝切割、剔凿。支模后的梁口，确保砼施工缝在模板内5mm按切口位置对梁窝进行清理，保证洞口四周完整典型梁墙节点观感品牌中天 品质四建七.大钢模板顶模棍的设置1. 底部预埋钢筋焊接顶模棍 墙体根部在浇筑该部位混凝土时，预埋2根直径为14附加钢筋，埋置间距不大于600mm一道，顶模板棍采用无齿锯下料，端头刷防锈油漆，加工长度为墙厚-2mm，顶模棍的直径不小于16。 七.大钢模板顶模棍的设置2. 竖向梯子筋 墙体竖向梯子筋中、上、下设置有3道顶模棍，竖向梯子墙肢中间间距不大于1.2米加设一道。竖向梯子筋采用16钢筋制作。 搭接长度1.3倍搭接长度七.大钢模板顶模棍的设置3. 双T卡设置 在墙体暗柱端头及窗台梁边设置双T卡，暗柱端头上、中、下设置3道，梁上下设置2道。 七.大钢模板顶模棍的设置4.大模板拼缝处 形卡大模板模板拼缝处增设 形卡保证模板拼缝的平整，不发生错台。 七.大钢模板顶模棍的设置5.大模板门洞口堵头板设置 形卡 大模板在丁字墙侧有门洞口处需要加设 加长型顶模板棍，以保证门洞口处堵头板位置。 八.大钢模板安装流程吊装单侧内墙模、模板就位、模板调直吊装阴角模、阳角模上穿墙螺栓及定型化牛腿节点加固，连接处理,张拉钢丝绳，砂浆封堵吊装单侧外墙模、模板就位、模板调直紧固穿墙螺栓、调整垂直度九.大钢模板安装要点1.大模板先入阴角模、内模，后入外模、大模板。分房间进行,直至模板全部吊装就位。当模板无支腿时,用模板专用卡具将模板与墙体钢筋牢固地连接在一起,防止倾倒,然后摘钩。大模板支腿支点应设在坚固可靠处,杜绝模板发生位移，不得与脚手架拉结。九.大钢模板安装要点2、大模板阴角模安装1）阴角模与大模板采用企口连接方式,大模板板面与阴角模板面保持平齐,且留有2 mm安装间隙。阴角模与大模板采用钩栓、压槽固定,防止出现错台现象。阴角模板加固现场九.大钢模板安装要点3、大模板阳角模安装第1种方式：外墙大角处相邻大角的大模板，采取在边框上钻连接销孔，将角模用U形卡固定于两侧的大模板上。第2种方式：单独配置阳角模板，与两侧大模板用边框连接器卡紧，外加直角背楞（950*950mm，8#槽钢）与两侧大模板背楞与卡具拉结紧固。单独阳角模现场应用连接阳角模现场应用九.大钢模板安装要点4.校正模板与安装穿墙螺栓同步进行。穿墙螺栓的卡头应竖直安装且大头朝上,不得呈现水平或倾斜状态,防止脱落。穿墙螺栓安装必须紧固牢靠,用力得当,防止出现松动而造成涨模,不得使模板表面产生局部变形,不得漏安穿墙螺栓。4.模板与模板拼缝处除采用专用连接器连接外,模板采用10#槽钢为主龙骨上、中、下三道加固，穿墙栓拧紧。九.大钢模板安装要点5.大模板安装并加固完成，外墙模板采用外墙内侧支腿顶撑并拉设钢丝绳。九.大钢模板安装要点6.顶板外帮采用集中加工木模板，集中编号、分层倒运使用。 九.大钢模板安装要点7. 顶板混凝土浇筑完成后，定型化牛腿（10#槽钢加工）上移，利用墙体螺栓孔安装小牛腿，固定并校正小牛腿的垂直度。牛腿上垫通长100*100mm木方，最后支设好后外侧模板及大模板安放模板至模具与墙体形成的槽内，用短木方与木楔对楔夹紧固牢。 九.大钢模板安装要点 大钢模板外墙安装完成，定型化小牛腿应用图片九.大钢模板安装要点8.门洞口侧短墙肢模板加固：采用大模丝杆拉结，端部内侧无法拉结时采用外侧拉结。 九.大钢模板安装要点9.大模板设置梁窝，采用多层板、木条卡置梁窝（泡沫板裹胶带填充），采用钢筋棍或木方与钢筋组合背楞加固。 十.大钢模板门窗洞口模板设置 墙板门窗预留洞加固体系应合理，便与装拆，确保边角不漏浆，洞口不变形，门窗洞口模板采用50mm木板与竹胶板拼装（木板与竹胶板同宽都为墙厚-2mm），角部为角钢连接，根据门窗洞口尺寸加设水平及竖向支撑（不大于500mm设置一道）。对于较大门洞口模板应有抗浮措施（下口用铁丝或T型钢筋与钢筋骨架拉结在一起），混凝土浇筑时要注意从门窗 的两边对称下灰，防止门窗洞口模板发生水平位移，保证门窗洞口下混凝土浇筑的饱满要求在封闭式门窗洞口模板下设置排气孔。 T十.大钢模板门窗洞口模板设置 门洞模板设置及加固方法十一.全钢楼梯模板关键工序控制标准层楼梯采用定型钢模板。侧模板加设海绵条防止漏浆，下口采用钢管顶托顶撑，侧板采用钢管扣件锁紧或焊制一体化侧板。楼梯踏步、侧模板支设节点支腿下垫与休息平台板同厚度的混凝土垫块十二.大模板现场检查验收 大钢模板合模完成后,质检员应依照规范规定和有关分项工程标准进行认真检查。合格后填写模板工程检查记录及验收单,经业主或监理人员验收后,方可进行下道工序。 1.检查模板下口密封是否到位，下口如果不到位时，在浇筑墙体混凝土前至少4小时将缝隙封堵到位。安装外墙模板前，在模板下口沿长度方向加海绵条，以防跑浆。2.模板上口拉通线，看模板是否发生错台，模板上口截面尺寸是否符合要求。3.检查模板垂直度偏差是否符合规范。4.检查模板的加固情况：重点检查阴阳角、门窗洞口的支撑有无松动、丝杆是否拧紧和漏穿丝杆。下口及时用砂浆封堵大模板垂直度检查十三.大模板安装质量标准1.大模板安装质量应符合下列要求：1）模板安装后应保证整体的稳定性，确保施工中模板不变形、不错台、不胀模。2）模板间的拼缝要平整、严密、不得漏浆。3）模板表面应清理干净，隔离剂涂刷均匀，不得漏刷。2.大模板安装允许偏差及检验方法见下表：十四.大模板拆除要点1.大模板拆除顺序 拆除模板连接装置拆除大模板拆除阳角模拆除阴角模。2.大模板拆除规定1）大模板拆除应认真、严肃的履行拆模申请手续进行拆模。2）拆除模板对混凝土强度要求：为满足穿墙螺栓顺利拆卸，墙体达到1.2MPa后（铁钉划痕或预松螺栓丝杆判断）可松动螺栓，待墙体拆模时不会碰损混凝土表面时方可开始拆除模板。同时应掌握温度、外加剂等因素的影响，不得超时过长防止模板拆除困难。3)大模板的拆除顺序应遵循先支后拆、后支先拆的原则。拆除有支撑架的大模板时，应先拆除模板与混凝土结构之间的对拉螺栓及其它连接件，松动地脚螺栓，使模板后倾与墙体脱离开。拆除无固定支撑架的大模板时，应对模板采用临时固定措施。4）阴角模拆除：角模两面都接触混凝土墙面，吸附力较大，如遇施工中模板密封不严或者角模移位，形成混凝土握裹造成模板拆除困难。需先将模板表面的混凝土剔除，然后用小锤敲击高出大模板部分的角模拆除阴角模。5)大模板拆除：拆除穿墙螺栓，调整地脚螺栓松动支撑使模板完全脱离混凝土墙面，当局部有吸附或粘结时，可在模板下口用撬棍撬动，但不得在墙上口晃动或使用大锤砸模板。确保模板与混凝土间无任何的连接时，方可起吊大模板。6)模板拆除后，凸出部分的混凝土应及时剔凿处理，墙面破损处应根据碰损大小程度采取不用的修补措施。对于结构的棱角部位，要及时进行保护，以防止损伤。7）拆除的模板要及时的进行清理，重点清理模板字母口、丝杆及面板并涂刷脱模剂。十四.大模板拆除要点3.各施工流水段进行流水施工，模板周转时不落地，钢模板拆除后，直接吊到待合模板段对模板进行清理、刷脱模剂、就位、合模、加固，能节省塔吊吊次，加快工程施工进度。作业面清理大模板、涂刷脱模剂墙体脱模板后待吊运作业面合大钢模板十五.大模板存放有关规定1、大模板现场堆放场地区应在起重机的有效工作范围内，堆放场地必须坚实平整，不得堆放在松土、冻土或凸凹不平的场地上。2、大模板堆放时，有支撑架的大模板必须满足自稳要求，在保障模板安全施工的前提下，板宽L1.8m，安装一套支腿，板宽在1.8m<L4.5m，安装2套支腿，板宽L>4.5m，安装3套支腿，如遇到房间的开间或进深较小不能正常安装支腿的情况，应存放在专业的插放架内，不得依靠其他物体上，防止模板下脚滑移倾倒。3、大模板落地或周转至另一工作面时，必须一次安放稳固；倾斜度要符合自稳角75°80°的规范要求，然后及时进行板面清理工作。模板间留置不小于600mm的操作间距，当长期存放时应将模板连成整体。4、大模板叠层平放时，在模板的底部及层间应加垫木，垫木应上下对齐，垫点应保证模板不产生弯曲变形。叠放高度不宜超过2m，当有加固措施时，可适当增加高度。十五.大模板存放有关规定无脚模板放置在大模板插方架内十六.大钢模板使用过程中成品保护1 .大模板拆除时，其混凝土强度应能保证其表面及棱角不因拆模而受损坏，禁止用大锤砸，禁止用撬杠撬动大模板上口，防止损坏模板。2 .大模板吊装时，应注意防止碰撞已浇筑的墙体。3 .拆模后，对墙体混凝土浇水养护。冬施期间大模板应采取保温措施。4 .运送模板附件时，应注意码放整齐，避免相互发生碰撞。保证模板附件的重要连接部位不受破坏，确保产品质量，小型模板附件应装箱、装袋或捆扎运输。5 .墙体混凝土浇筑完成后，应立即对板面及模板龙骨背楞处粘附的混凝土进行清理。脱模后再对板面水泥浆、支撑架螺栓、穿墙螺栓、上口卡具等进行清理保养。剪力墙浇筑砼完成清理落地灰十七.大钢模板施工安全措施1.模板施工前，必须进行安全技术交底，大模板吊运专业信号工持证上岗。2.大模板存放应随时将自稳角调好，面对面放置，防止倾倒，大模板存放在施工楼层上，必须有可靠的安全措施。没有斜撑的模板应在现场搭设钢管堆放架，堆放架应设剪力撑和双向斜支撑。3.需专人指挥吊装模板，信号统一、明确，信号工和挂钩人员必须退至安全的地方后，方可起吊，严禁人和模板一起吊运。当大模板就位或落地时，要防止摇晃碰人或碰坏墙体。4.模板起吊前，应将吊钩挂牢固，做到稳起稳落，就位准确，禁止人力牵运大模板，严禁模板大幅度摆动或碰撞其它物体。5.大模板的配件必须齐全，不得随意改变或拆卸。6.模板及其支撑系统在安装过程中，设置临时固定设施（钢丝绳挂钩），严防模板倾覆。7.拆除模板严禁操作人员站在正在拆除的模板上，模板严禁乱放，保护好模板防止变形。8.五级以上大风不得吊装模板。9.所有模板及配件拆除完毕后，方可将模板吊走，起吊前必须复查。十七.大钢模板施工安全措施10.模板及其配件含斜撑挑架等必须定期检修。发现有丢失、损坏、变形等问题时要及时妥善处理，确保无问题后方可再次使用。11.挑架每平方米内荷载不得超载，并且在挑架上不允许堆放物料等杂物。12.电梯井内及楼梯洞口要设置防护板，电梯井口及楼梯处要设置护身栏，电梯井内每层都要设立一道安全网。13.每块大模板应设置两个吊环，吊环焊接在大钢模的竖向骨架上，起吊时，必须挂好两个吊环。14.大模板安装就位后，要采取防止触电保护措施，将大模板加以串联，并同避雷网接通，防止漏电伤人。of the difference of the results. This value should be less than 0.5%. Defined for determination of whiteness of starches starch whiteness: under the stated conditions, surface of starch light reflectance standard Whiteboard surface and light reflectance ratio. Whiteness of whiteness meter measurements samples value to represent. 2, principle: Blu-ray through sample reflectivity reflectance contrast with the standard Whiteboard for Blu-ray, get samples of whiteness. Measurement method applicable to dry into a powder of refined starches . Bai Duyi 3, instruments: wavelength can be transferred to 425nm box for sample and standard Whiteboard, accurate to 0.1. Press box: fit in the box. Step 4, analysis sample preparation: samples should be fully mixed. Sample Board by: Bai Duyi samples box zhuangyang, according to Bai Duyi method sample Whiteboard prescribed. Bai Duyi preparation: method of operation required by Bai Duyi operation, will be marked with a white ceramic whiteboard or Whiteboard made of high purity magnesium oxide standard correction. Measurement: determined by white Whiteboard Analyzer sample, write down the whiteness. Determination of number: the same sample for the second determination. 5, said of the results: the whiteness of whiteness of whiteness meter measurements samples value. Such as poor meets the requirements, take the arithmetic mean of the second determination as a result. 6, allowing differential analyst simultaneously or in quick succession for the second determination, the absolute value of the difference of the results. This value should be less than 0.2. Definition starch viscosity determination of starch viscosity: resistance to flow after samples of starch gelatinization. Usedmanipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technolo