大庆国家森林公园总体规划正文.doc

My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me to rest for a while. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton-wool. He knew I collected birds' eggs and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at last removed the cotton-wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.    Lesson49 The end of a dream 美梦告终 Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he  had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.   Lesson50 Taken for a ride 乘车兜风 I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way. I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.  ' I'm going to Woodford Green,' I said to the conductor as I got on the bus,' but I don't know where it is.' ' I'll tell you where to get off,' answered the conductor.  I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. After some time, the bus stopped. Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.  ' You'll have to get off here,' the conductor said. 'This is as far as we go.' ' Is this Woodford Green ?' I asked. 'Oh dear,' said the conductor suddenly.' I forgot to put you off.' 'It doesn't matter,' I said. 'I'll get off here.' 'We are going back now,' said the conductor. 'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered.   Lesson51 Reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏 My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!    Lesson52 A pretty carpet 漂亮的地毯 We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'    Lesson53 Hot snake 触电的蛇 At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fire are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.   Lesson54 Sticky fingers 粘糊的手指 After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to market. It was still early when I returned home. The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some tarts for tea. In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. Nothing could have been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the door-knobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter !   Lesson55 Not a gold mine 并非金矿 Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where-it is said-pirates used to hide gold. The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. Armed with the new machine, a search party went he did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.   Lesson58 A blessing in disguise? 是因祸得福吗？ The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists-have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!   Lesson59 In or out ？ 进来还是出去？ Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out ! Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.      Lesson60 The future 卜算未来 At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky. I went into her tent and she told me to sit down. After I had given her some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said: 'A relation of yours is coming to see you. She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. A woman you know well will rush towards you. She will speak to you and then she will lead you away from this place. That is all.' As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me. 'Where have you been hiding ?' she asked impatiently. 'Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. We are late already.' As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair.    Lesson61 Trouble with the Hubble 哈勃望远镜的困境 In future, astronauts will be required to descend from a spaceship while it is still in space and to return to it. The ability to do this will be necessary in future flights to distant planets. Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible. The spaceship Astra which left the earth a short time ago, will be travelling three hundred miles into space. At a certain point, the Astra will stop for a short time and an astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it. We shall not know whether the experiment has been successful until we have received a radio message. The first message is expected to arrive at 7 o'clock this evening. By that time, the Astra will have been flying through space for seventeen hours and will have circled the earth a great many times. When the first radio messages have been received, the results of the trip will be announced immediately.   Lesson62 After the fire 大火之后 Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.    Lesson63 She was not amused 她并不觉得好笑 Geoffrey Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor-everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny. Recently, one of Geoffrey's closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception. This is the sort of thing that Geoffrey loves. He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny. He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home. Geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. To his surprise, she said she hadn't. Geoffrey asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!   Lesson64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道 In l858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunnel across the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an第一章 规划总则一、指导思想坚持以科学发展观为指导，以生态经济和旅游经济理论及可持续发展观为依据，以红旗林场森林资源为依托，以观光休闲度假旅游为主题，突出草甸、沼泽广布地区独有的人工森林特色，体现人文关怀，为大庆市市民及周边城市居民提供融休闲度假、娱乐游憩、农业观光、森林科普等多种功能为一体的综合性的天然户外活动场所。二、规划原则第一，因地制宜原则根据区位、林相及用地类型的不同，结合已开发的苗圃旅游景区，充分利用坡地、草地、风沙环境下形成的独特的树形景观等自然资源及已建成的旅游接待、服务设施，因地制宜地设计、开发旅游项目。第二，可持续发展原则有效利用现有森林资源开发旅游项目的同时，准确评估因开发、建设给环境带来的不良影响，通过确定科学、合理的开发深度和时序，规划森林资源保护限制区域，调整林相结构等，强化对森林资源的保护及养护，实现森林资源的永续利用和旅游业的可持续发展。第三，保护与开发相结合原则在旅游开发、经营、管理、服务的全过程中，严格遵守有关法律、法规和政策，坚持在保护的前提下开发，在开发的过程中予以保护，重点保护好森林生态环境，在开发森林旅游资源的同时注意维护森林生态系统的平衡。第四，统一规划、突出重点、留有余地的原则坚持统一规划、总体布局、近详远略、分期开发、重点突出、留有余地的规划原则。根据市场需求及林场内的资源特点，对森林公园内旅游业发展空间进行总体筹划，划分旅游主题园区，确定各个园区的重点旅游项目和开发时序，形成优势互补、互不雷同的旅游时空分布格局。对于近期内不具备开发条件的旅游资源和区域，提出严格的保护措施，留有充分余地，让后人去开发，实现旅游业的持续发展。第五，整体效益原则在旅游规划的编制及实施过程中，正确对待经济效益、生态效益与社会效益三者之间的关系，避免只注重眼前利益而忽视长远利益；只注重经济效益而不顾生态效益和社会效益，更不能以损害后二者为代价去提升经济效益。力求经济效益、生态效益与社会效益协调统一、同步发展。第六，协同发展原则协同发展原则着重体现在两个方面：一是旅游区的规划应与黑龙江省及大庆市旅游发展的战略相一致，与周边地区的旅游发展相衔接。实现资源共享、产品互辅、客源互流、共同发展；另一方面则是与其它相关产业建立良好的互助关系，实现旅游业和相关产业的同步、协调发展，促进本地区的经济繁荣。三、规划依据1.森林公园总体设计规范，林业部调查规划设计院，1995年2.中国森林公园风景资源质量等级评定国家标准，（国家质量技术监督局），（GB/T180051999）3.中华人民共和国森林法实施条例，国务院，2000年4.森林防火条例，国务院，1988年5.旅游规划通则，国家标准（国家质量监督局），GB/T1897120036.风景名胜区规划规范，国家标准（国家质量监督局，建设部），2000年 7.黑龙江省旅游业发展“十五”计划和2020年远景目标纲要,黑龙江省旅游局,2001年8.中国旅游发展“十五”计划和2015、2020年远景目标纲要，国家旅游局，2000年9.黑龙江省环境保护条例，黑龙江省人大，1995年10.中华人民共和国环境保护法，全国人大常委会，1989年11.中华人民共和国水污染防治法，全国人大常委会，1996年修正12.中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法，全国人大，1995年13.中华人民共和国土地管理法,全国人民代表大会常务委员会,2004年四、规划范围大庆市红旗林场内的大庆国家森林公园，即场部所在的6林班区域，重点规划通让铁路线以西的区域。所规划的大庆国家森林公园的面积为1751公顷。五、发展目标（一）总体目标将大庆国家森林公园建成大庆市的城市后花园，作为市民休闲度假、娱乐游憩的原生态的休闲旅游度假区。（二）阶段目标1.近期（20072010年）：基础建设阶段（1）建设目标：初步完成基本接待设施的建设，完成某些重点项目及简易项目的建设，使森林公园旅游初具规模。（2）游客接待及创收目标：到2010年接待国内外游客力争达到2万人次，人均停留1天，日均消费100元，旅游总收入200万元。2.中期（20112015年）：全面发展阶段（1）建设目标：进一步完善森林公园的总体建设，完成大部分已规划项目，使其成为大庆市民家喻户晓的休闲度假森林公园。（2）游客接待及创收目标：到2015年接待国内外游客力争达到5万人次，人均停留1.5天，日均消费150元，旅游总收入1125万元。3.远期（20162020年）：完善提高阶段（1）建设目标：全面提升森林公园的服务质量与服务水平，根据市场需求进一步开发新的旅游项目，使其成为大庆市市民休闲度假的真正的城市后花园。（2）游客接待及创收目标：到2020年接待国内外游客力争达到8万人次，人均停留2天，日均消费200元，旅游总收入3200万元。第二章 基本情况一、自然地理概况1.地理位置大庆国家森林公园坐落在大庆市大同区红旗林场境内。林场地理坐标为东经125°1910，北纬46°237，距大庆市市中心60千米，东与红岗区毗邻，北与绿色草原牧场接壤，西同和平牧场相连。林场总面积6800公顷，森林公园规划面积1751公顷，约占林场全部经营面积的1/4。2.地形地貌、土壤大庆国家森林公园位于松嫩平原南部，地势平坦开阔，略有起伏，由东北向西南逐渐变低，相对高差在1030米之间，平均海拔高度为140米。地貌类型主要是沙丘覆盖下的冲积平原。黑钙土为大庆地区的地带性土壤，非地带性土壤有盐碱土、风沙土、草甸土、沼泽土等。红旗林场以风沙土和黑钙土为主，盐碱土分布其间，构成了明显的土壤复区。3.气候大庆国家森林公园属于温带大陆性季风气候，气候特点表现为春季干旱少雨多风，夏季短促炎热，降水多集中在6、7、8三个月份，秋季凉爽早霜，冬季寒冷而漫长，四季交替明显。年平均气温为4.6，极端最高气温在35左右，年平均日照时数为2800小时。历年风日都集中在春季，平均大风日占全年