h不良地质深路堑处理施工安全工作技术总结.doc

不良地质深路堑处理施工安全工作技术总结摘要：通过对我省近年来三处较有影响的不良地质深路堑的开挖、整治处理施工分析，认为精心设计、严格监理、作好施工组织按排是确保施工安全的关键。 关键词：不良地质深路堑 设计 施工 &nbsp;一、前言 近年来高等级公路建设在我省方兴未艾，不良地质深路堑的处理施工日益增多，如何保证其施工安全，已成为设计、施工、监理三方迫切需要解决的重要问题，本文从设计角度出发，通过对我省三处较为典型的深路堑的不同设计处理施工，对不良地质深路堑挡土墙、明洞、抗滑桩等处理施工安全进行了较为系统的总结。 二、津市澧水大桥南端接线挡土墙综合防护工程 2.1工程概况 津市澧水大桥南端接线工程是津市城市规划建设的配套工程，又是湘北公路的一部分。该路段原为一座相对高差为100m左右的山丘，原山坡自然坡度一般在1:1.751:2.5之间,因澧水大桥南端接线穿越该山岭中下部宽达42m。大部分地段形成2030m的高路堑边坡,而原设计对该路段这一特殊地质条件估计不足,路堑边坡定为1:1，尤其在边坡&gt;20m时,也未设台阶进行变坡处理,故其边坡略显较陡。1996年底建成通车后，1997年雨季在该路段K0+130K0+465皇姑山地段右侧路堑发生大范围坍塌，长达215m。该处原砌有高2.2m，顶宽1.0m路堑挡土墙，边坡面采用了厚40cm的干砌片石条型护坡及半园拱型护坡，均从K0+295K0+340段被推跨。坍塌土方大量进入行车道，严重影响了湘北公路的贯通。 2.2 施工条件 皇姑山地段位于澧水下游近河口地区，冰渍特征极为典型，地面表层为第四系黑色粘土，厚度在1m以内。下部为第三系红色泥砾粘土岩，产状不明。泥砾所含砾石大小悬殊、杂乱无章，毫无分选，混集于粘韧红泥之中。砾石岩性单一，几乎全部由石英砂岩组成，砾径超逾1米的巨砾在剖面中比比皆是，经研磨的砾面光滑平整，根据调查和钻探表明，泥砾层厚在5060m以上。 坍塌地段位于断层影响带内。地表为第四系地层覆盖，第三系红色泥砾粘土岩呈单斜构造，受澧水大断裂影响，地质构造较为复杂，近期尚有活动。 坍塌地段表层由于遭受了较强烈的构造运动和风化作用的影响，节理裂隙发育，组成了良好的透水层和储水层。而深部的地层受风化作用甚微，透水性较弱，形成相对阻水层。山坡上居民生活废水及雨水下渗成为土体中地下水的主要来源，北侧边坡体内发育一条厚度达11.5m的富水带,雨季地下水较丰富,边坡渗水严重,局部呈细股状渗水。 本地区基本地震烈度为度，近期地震对断层活动有一定影响。 从土质分析，该路段表层为亚粘土夹碎石，所含砂砾约50%以上，具亚膨胀性，渗水性强，下部为红色泥砾层，冰渍特征极为典型，泥砾所含砾石大小悬殊，粒径超逾1m的巨砾比比皆是，砾石表面附着的薄层粘泥，遇雨水浸泡，即发生松散破碎，从而导致边坡失稳，产生坍塌。 原挡土墙断面尺寸在该地质条件下，抗滑、抗倾覆均未达到规范要求。且原片石护坡采用干砌方式，未能起到防止雨水下渗、保护坡面作用，严重影响施工安全。 2.3精心设计： 对冰渍层地质灾害的整治，尤其对皇姑山这样国内罕见的特殊地段，目前还未见有效的整治记载文献，为此，在整治处理设计中，本着安全、美观、经济的原则，设计方在处理设计过程中进行了抗滑桩、压浆固结法、预应力锚索加固法、重力式挡土墙多方案比选。 通过技术、经济分析，经专家评审，分析认为冰渍层地基土容许承载力300kPa，基坑开挖浅，施工难度小，且结合当地的大量漂石经加工后可用于挡土墙，就地取材，可大大降低造价。达到稳固、美观、经济的目的，最后采用挡土墙为主体工程，通过坡面修整，放缓边坡，坡面草皮护坡防止雨水冲刷，建立起地表排水和地下排水相结合的综合排水系统达到综合整治的目的。综合整治方案来进行处理。 2.4严格监理 鉴于本地区冰渍层的特殊性，建设单位通过招标择优选取施工单位，并聘请了三名现场监理工程师配合省、地、市三级交通质监站建立了严格的质量保证体系，以确保工程安全。 2.5施工安全措施 挡土墙基础开挖，分散跳槽开挖，挖成一段砌筑一段。并采取适当临时防挡措施，尽量减少基础开挖范围，避免因施工开挖引起新的坍塌。 施工在旱季进行。 认真及时做好截水肓沟和草皮护坡工作。 1 坡面上坍体以及裂缝、凹凸不平之处，全部平整夯填并铺种草皮，防止表水下渗。 原有挡土墙损坏、开裂部分，一律拆除，新建挡土墙，结合修筑支撑渗沟及截水盲沟，及时将地下水排出以保证支挡效果。 挡土墙主体工程修成以后，应在墙顶面再铺一层30cm厚的混凝土保护层封顶，以便防止地表水下渗及气候作用和影响，使填土强度不致降低。 挡土墙的墙背应设置30cm的砂垫层，一方面引导墙后渗水沿着预定的路线排出墙体，另一方面砂垫层也可以起到缓冲的作用，削弱墙后土体的任用。 施工过程中因基础开挖，随时可能诱发新的坍塌，除采取跳槽开挖方法外，应以“快开挖，快支护，快砌筑”为指导思想，加强施工管理，合理计划工序。 通过以上措施，确保了工程安全施工，工程得以顺利竣工。 三、娄湘公路金家冲滑坡明洞整治工程 .工程概况 工程位于湘乡市棋梓桥镇金家冲，棋梓桥至娄底二级公路K31+150K31+240段，滑坡前缘宽180m,最大长度为110m,前后缘高差62.55m,总土方量约40万m3。由于兴建公路深切方达18m以上，形成了倾角约40°的边坡，坡面岩石裸露，降水大量渗入山体，形成了滑坡。目前坡面上已形成多级台阶及环形裂隙，滑坡后缘陡壁高0.61.6m。该滑坡地貌特征明显，是施工期产生、发展和形成的滑坡，范围较大，地质条件复杂，处于断层破碎带及断层影响带内，已建挡土墙大部分被破坏，严重影响了公路的修建与贯通。 .施工条件 本施工场地地质情况复杂，残积、坡积成因的碎石土由粘性土与碎石混杂而成，厚1.302.50m，断层破碎带岩石受挤压破碎严重，节理裂隙极发育，岩石多为碎石状，局部为泥状，断层泥遇水极易软化膨胀，滑坡体下部为砂岩、泥灰粉砂岩、泥灰岩、硅质砂岩、钙质泥岩。据区域地质资料及勘探表明，工地位于普安堂南北向背斜构造的西南侧，区内岩层总的倾向为30°，倾角为38°。有条较大的断裂从滑坡前缘处通过，与滑坡轴线交角约80°同时与路基中心线交角10°左右，断层走向NWW倾向NNE，倾角为30°40°，受该断裂的影响，勘探区岩石节理发育岩石受挤压，破碎严重，且多风化强烈，除此之外，在勘探区及附近，次一级的小断裂也较发育。对明洞施工安全修建有一定影响。 .精心设计 明洞路线与地形等高线斜交，进、出口洞门形式均采用翼墙式，施工时应注意避免对山体稳定性造成破坏，同时加强观测记录，做好防范措施。 衬砌结构设计采用路堑式明洞结构，拱圈采用30号钢筋混凝土，边墙采用20号片石混凝土，仰拱采用20号混凝土。回填土设计坡度为1：5，实际回填土坡度为1：10，两者之差作为坡面土石零星坍的储备。 对围岩地下水的影响采用以排为主，防、排、截、堵相结合的综合治理原则，即在明洞衬砌外设防水层，将水堵在模注衬砌之外，防水层可用复合土载布或橡胶防水板等，其性能应满足下列要求：拉伸强度25KN/m,拉伸率大于100%，抗渗水压0.7MP；在墙脚上设有泄水孔，间隔610m，将渗水引入明洞内纵向排水沟。在仰拱中央布置集水圆管，排走渗入仰拱低洼处的积水，出仰拱后视情况将水引入侧沟或路堑边沟。以达到排水通畅、防水可靠、经济合理、不留后患的目的。 对于洞口段，地表水采用以排为主，排、堵、截结合的原则，即在坡面上按常规设置截水天沟，洞门顶部及洞顶坡脚设排水沟，在边墙背后设渗水盲沟，使洞内外形成一个完整畅通的排水系统。 .施工安全措施 明洞施工应严格执行JTJ042-94公路隧道施工技术规范，在施工过程中应认真做好监理管理工作。 明洞地处山岭重丘区，须因地制宜布置好地表各项排、导、防水工程，洞门墙应尽早砌筑，各翼墙、挡土墙须及时砌筑，按施工规范作好泄水孔，水沟均需抹面以保证排水顺畅。有关护坡需确保质量。洞外须搞好环保工作，采取防排水工程措施时，注意保护自然环境。 为保证施工质量及安全，尤其对隐蔽工程必须建立严格的监理制度。 设计、施工、监理密切配合，预想施工中可能出现的问题，提出预防措施。 边墙、边沟施工，必须分段间隔开挖，要缩短进尺，加快封闭，防止扰动。 对部分地段之软弱岩层，开挖时还应采取挡板支撑等措施，以策安全。 对于需要开挖开挖至明洞边墙基底以下的工程，设计、施工都应采取有力措施，防止基础下沉、边墙、拱圈变形。 通过以上措施，本明洞工程安全竣工，获得建设方一致好评。 四、湘耒高速公路炮石岭滑坡抗滑桩整治工程 .工程概况 工程场地位于衡东县新塘镇，在建湘耒高速公路炮石岭地段K79+500左右，为丘陵地貌，地形起伏较大，相对高差最大约150m，滑坡体位于一面向北东的“圈椅”内，周围山体坡面倾角约3040°，滑坡前缘为一山间垭口，在施工过程中右侧产生发较大的滑坡，严重影响了高速公路施工的顺利进行。 .施工条件 工程场地内地质条件复杂，上部土体为碎石土，厚度一般从1.08.3m，局部夹粘土层，为泥岩风化后的产物，下部为泥岩，全风化，呈可塑硬塑状，具一定的膨胀性，此外，滑坡体南东侧为灰白色灰黑色砂岩，产状为300330°2628°。其北东侧有一北西向的压扭性断层通过，受其影响，区内发育有二条逆断层，滑坡体位于这两条断层的下盘。该路堑边坡曾在三十年代由于连降暴雨从而滑动，至五十年代修建省道1820线时，开挖垭口也产生了滑动，新砌挡墙常在一天左右即被推倒，由于当时无法治理，公路被迫改道,施工安全难以保证。 .精心设计 设计方经过大量方案比较与计算分析工作，认为单设挡土墙方案相对经济，且较容易施工，但因其结构尺寸较大，基础开挖可能诱发新的滑坡，施工安全很难保证，而明洞方案虽能减少新塘联络线跨线桥工程和对面山体路堑边坡的土石方数量，但造价仍显偏高，考虑到该地段地质情况复杂，滑坡发展规模较大，且新塘联络线于此附近上跨湘耒高速公路，整治工作显得十分重要。本设计采取排水工程和抗滑工程相结合的综合整治方案，排水工程为了排除地表水，设置了截水沟、排水沟、边沟；为了拦截滑坡体上方地下水，设置了截水盲沟；抗滑工程以抗滑桩为主，采用了悬臂式抗滑桩+重力式挡土墙组合设计方案。 4.3施工安全措施 本工程所处地区，地质情况复杂，为确保工程质量，要求如下： 施工时间宜在旱季进行。 施工流程宜坡面排水工程抗滑桩分段开挖路基挡土墙。 截水沟铺砌时迎水面沟壁应设泄水孔（尺寸10×20cm2），以排泄土壤中水，或采用干砌片石铺砌。在滑坡体上方标高为133135m附近截水沟下部设一道截水盲沟，以拦截地下水，引出滑坡体外。施工时应尽量少开挖以保持该地段抗滑功能。 滑体内排水应充分利用滑坡范围内的自然沟谷作为排除地表水的渠道，及时把水引入排水沟中。为此目的要对自然沟谷进行必要的整修、加固及铺砌工作，达到不溢流、不渗漏的目的。 滑坡内土质松散，地表水易下渗，应进行平整夯实，夯填裂缝（将裂缝两侧土体挖开，挖成宽度不小于0.50m深度不小于1.0m的沟槽，然后用粘性土分层夯填）。 设计紧密配合施工，在地下水较为发育地段，事先安装了抽水设备，加强桩基础支护，保证施工安全。 抗滑桩材料采用C20。纵向受力钢筋焊接接长、焊接接头的类型及质量均应符合钢筋混凝土工程施工及验收规范的要求。 施工前应先做好坡面排水，抗滑桩应由两侧向中间靠，跳桩开挖施工。 桩后回填应待桩身混凝土强度达到设计强度70%以上时方可进行回填，回填土宜采用砂性土。 挡土墙与抗滑桩之间回填土应分层夯实，坡面采用草皮护坡，应注意做好排水工作，防止雨水下漏造成挡土墙破坏。为确保工程安全，施工中应建立严格的监测制度，认真做好交接班记录，发现异常情况，及时反映处理。 通过上述措施，使工程抢在雨季之前完成，有力保障了施工安全，深受各方好评。 五、结束语 高等级公路不良地质深路堑处理随地质条件的变化而千变万化，为确保施工安全，设计、施工、监理三方密切配合，避雨季、快开挖，快支护，快砌筑是关键。</Porganization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization published < > and < > League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the city's organizations at various levels. The county committee, directly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to further strengthen the group's leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the league's leadership at all levels of construction. Continue to do a good job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department "on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly under the group (workers) appointed to carry out the" Five "team building activities. Improve the League Association Department working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city group directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively jointly with the unit where the party organization department good group leadership selection with the work. Do a good job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annual assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth League talk system group To weave individual conversation and collective conversation, to strengthen the committees of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound system of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of important issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengthen the work of education and training of cadres to conscientiously implement the Central Committee. "On the implementation of grassroots cadres training project and opinions on carrying out the" mission municipal CYL Cadres training project implementation opinions, full implementation of the project of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus on the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third session of the Communist Youth League system training cadres in party. Focusing on the construction of new socialist countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the young team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of <XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan "". To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt "arrangement menu" course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of <XX editing of young talent ", the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the "feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step" principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the city's young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" as guidance, study and implement the party's sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the city's cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around "11th Five-Year XX" the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the group's propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the "11th Five-Year" planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the "Three Represents" important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) armed with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" armed members of youth education, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of "Three Represents" with the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development education, educate and guide the youth to fully understand the great significance of establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, in-depth understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development era back The king, the practice foundation, basic connotation, historical status, spirit and practice requirements, a profound understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development with Marxi