Book 6-Unit 1 Grammar 虚拟语气 (1).ppt

Book 6 Unit 1 Grammar: Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气1),英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 一、陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood): 用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、 否定、疑问或感叹等形式。 The sun is larger than the earth. Does Tom usually get up very early? What a clever boy!,二、祈使语气(The Imperative Mood) 用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。 Wait outside until you are asked . Lets just take a break, shall we ？,三、虚拟语气（The Subjective Mood）,虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现 。,Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood. (1) If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town. (2) If he had time now, he would come to see me. (3) If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic. (4) If I had a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. (5) If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. (6) If they should come tomorrow, they could meet the general manager.,条件句可分为两类, 一类为真实条件句, 一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况, 故采用虚拟语气。,1) 真实条件句: 真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况可能发生, 其中if是如果的意思。 2) 非真实条件句:非真实条件句用虚拟语气, 假设的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很小, 其中if 是“要是、如果”的意思。,虚拟语气的特殊句式 Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood. I wish I were ten years younger now. (2) I wish you would go with us tomorrow. (3) I wish I had met him yesterday. (4) I wish he could come tomorrow. (5) She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him.,归纳：wish 后的宾语从句，表示与现在情况相反，从句用 ，如例句 ，表示与过去情况相反，从句用 ， 如例句 ； 表示与将来情况相反，从句谓语常用“ ”，如例句 。,一般过去时,1,过去完成时,3,would / could/ might + 动词原形,2,4,5,注意： wish 后的宾语从句中常用 代替was, 如上面的例句 ； 但是动词hope 后面不用虚拟语气，而用相应的时态表达与过去、现在或将来有关的希望，例如： 1）I hope you werent late. 2) I hope you are ready. 3) We hope youll be very happy.,were,1,练一练： He wishes he (paint) as well as a professional artist. (2) I wish I (be) with you yesterday. (3) We wish the rain (stop) tomorrow. (4) I hope you (make) great progress this term.,could paint / painted,had been,would stop,will make,Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood. (1) The teacher suggested that our sports meeting (should) be put off till next week. (2) The headmaster ordered that all of the students (should) be here on time. (3) He insisted that we (should) attend the meeting. (4) We demanded that he (should) pay the bill by the end of the month. (5) She insisted that she was right. (6) The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy. (7) My suggestion is that you (should) visit the farm,归纳： 1、在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用_ ,should可省略。如例_,“should +动词原形”,1、2、3、4,一坚持：insist 二命令：order，command 三建议：suggest，propose，advise 四要求：request，require，demand，ask,2、当insist表示_ , suggest表示_时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。如例_ 3、句中有suggestion, plan, idea, order, requirement, motion, recommendation, proposal等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用_。如例_,“坚持认为，坚持说”，,“表明，暗示”,5、6,(should) + 动词原形,7,练一练：,1. I insisted that a doctor _ (send) for immediately. 2. The teacher demanded that the classroom _ (clean) at once. 3. His suggestion that we _ (go）to Shanghai is wonderful.,(should) go,(should) be cleaned,(should)be sent,Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood. (1) Without air, there wouldnt be living things in the world. (2) With favorable winds, we might have arrived there in two days. (3) But for your help, I wouldnt have made such great progress. (4)He was very busy yesterday. Otherwise he would have come to the meeting. (5) I got up late, or I should have caught the first bus.,归纳：无“条件”的虚拟语气句： 有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过 “if”条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 等或通过上下文暗示来说明。句中谓语动词的形式与前面表格中的内容一致。 练一练： (1)Without music, the world (be) a dull place. (2) But for your help, I (fail) in the experiment last month. (3) We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we (be) late.,without, with, but for, otherwise, or,would be,would have failed,would have been,Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood. (1)I would rather you told me the truth. (2)I would rather you had been present. (3)I would rather you told him the truth next week. 归纳：would rather 后的宾语从句中，用 来表示与现在或将来情况相反的假设，如例句 ，用 表示与过去情况相反的假设， 如例句 。,一般过去时,过去完成时,2,1，3,练一练： I would rather you (do) it now. (2) I would rather you (not tell) me the truth yesterday. (3) I would rather you (come) tomorrow.,did,hadnt told,came,Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood. If only I were a bird! (2) If only I would fly into the sky one day! (3) If only I had followed Mr. Lius advice! (4) If only I could speak several foreign languages! (5) If only I might live on the moon one day!,归纳：由if only“要是就好了.” 引导的句子相当于感叹句，多用虚拟语气。 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，用 (be动词用 ), 如例句 。 （2）表示与过去事实相反的假设，用 , 如例句 。 （3）表示与将来事实相反的假设或难以实现的意愿或愿望，用 . 如例句 。,一般过去时,were,1,过去完成时had done,3,would/could/might+动词原形,2,4,5,练一练： If only our parents (live) with us! (2) If only I (not miss) the train! (3) If only I (be)20 years younger!,could live,had not missed,were,Step2. Practice 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given verb. (1)If I should be free tomorrow, I (go) with you. (2) If I were to meet him tomorrow, I _ (ask) him about it. (3)Without your help, we (not finish) this task on time. (4) I wish you (not smoke) any more. (5) I wish I (know) it earlier.,would / could/ might /should go,should /would / could/ might ask,would not have finished,wouldnt smoke,had known,(6) I wish I (have) a little lab of my own. (7) If I (be) you, I wouldnt answer the call. (8) If you tried again, you (succeed). (9) But for your timely warming, we (be) in trouble. (10) If only I (come) to the party yesterday! (11) We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us now.,had,were,would succeed,would have been,had come,stayed,12. Our only request is that this _ (settle) as soon as possible.,(should) be settled,2. Choose the best answers. (1) Thank you very much. We might have lost the competition if you us a hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give (2) He did his best in everything. , he would not be what he is today. A. And B. But C. Otherwise D. However (3) We back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be (4) Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her. A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced (5) We Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put,C,C,D,D,D,Homework : Writing 请根据以下要点，写一篇有关珍惜水的短文： 1.众所周知，水在人类生活中起着非常重要的作用； 2.如果没有水，我们人类就会灭绝了； 3.如果以前我们爱惜水，现在就不会缺水了； 4.要是水是无穷无尽的就好了，我们就可以充分利用它； 5.由于水是有限的，现在是我们做点事来保护水的时候了。 写作要求 尽可能多地使用虚拟语气。,参考范文： As is known to all，water plays an important role in our life. If there were no water，we would die out. If we had saved it before，we would not lack it now. If the water were endless，we would make full use of it. As water is limited，it is time that we did something to protect it.,