1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ）he was in the United States as student studying computer science, but in reality he was spying on Silicon Valley firms for Gun Dap Systems, his employer.问题1选项A.DisingenuouslyB.DiscretelyC.OfficiouslyD.Ostensibly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。disingenuously “不诚实地”；discre
2、tely “离散地”；officiously“过分殷勤地，非官方地”；ostensibly “表面上，外表”。句意：表面上他在美国学习计算机科学，但实际上，他是在为他的雇主Gun Dap Systems监视硅谷的公司。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题There are plans to give everyone （ ） insurance, allow leave from work for anyone with a sick child or elderly relative to look after, and enforce a seven-day wait for anyone wan
3、ting to buy a handgun.问题1选项A.afforded healthyB.affordable healthC.afforded healthD.affordable healthy【答案】B【解析】语法和固定搭配。根据空格前的give可知空格中应该填入形容词。afforded是动词afford的过去式和过去分词，所以排除A和C项。affordable “买得起的”，health“健康”，healthy“健康的”。句意：有计划给予每个人买得起的健康保险。health insurance “健康保险”，为固定搭配。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Then I saw in my
4、dream, that when they were got out of the wilderness, they presently saw a town before them, and the name of the town is Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair; it is kept all the year long. It bears the name of Vanity Fair, because the town where it is kept is lighter than
5、 vanity, and also because all that is there sold, or that comes thither, is vanity. As is the saying of the wise, “All that comes is vanity.” This fair is no newly begun business, but a thing of ancient standing. I will show you the original of it. Almost five thousand years ago, there were pilgrims
6、 walking to the Celestial City, as these two honest persons are; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with their companions, perceiving by the path that the pilgrims made, that their way to the city lay through this town of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a fair wherein should be sold
7、all sorts of vanity, and that it should last all the year long. Therefore at this fair are all such things sold, as houses, lands, trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures, and delights of all sorts, as wives, husbands, children, masters, servants, lives, bl
8、ood, bodies, souls, silver, gold, pearls, precious stones, and what not. And, moreover, at this fair there is at all times to be seen cheats, games, plays, fools, apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every kind. Here are to be seen, too, and that for nothing, thefts, murders, adulteries, false swea
9、rers, and that of a blood-red color. And, as in other fairs of less moment, there are the several rows and streets, under their proper names, where such and such wares are vended; so here likewise you have the proper places, rows, streets (namely, countries and kingdoms), where the wares of this fai
10、r are soonest to be found. Here are the Britain Row, the French Row, the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German Row, where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. But, as in other fairs, some one commodity is as the chief of all the fair, so the ware of Rome and her goods are greatly promoted in
11、 this fair; only our English nation, with some others, have taken a dislike thereat. Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just through this town where this lusty fair is kept; and he that would go to the city, and yet not go through this town, must needs go out of the world. The Prince
12、 of princes himself, when here, went through this town to his own country, and that upon a fair day too; yea, and as I think, it was Beelzebub, the chief lord of this fair, that invited him to buy of his vanities; yea, would have made him lord of the fair, would he but have done him reverence as he
13、went through the town. 1.The word “fair” in Vanity Fair is closest in meaning to （ ）.2. The word “they” in Line 3, Paragraph 3 refers to （ ）.3.Which of the following is FALSE about Vanity Fair?4.Where is Vanity Fair situated?5.The pronoun “him”, in “would he but have done him reverence as he went th
14、rough the town” refers to （ ）.问题1选项A.justiceB.averageC.a travelling showD.market问题2选项A.Beelzebub, Apollyon, and LegionB.these two honest personsC.the companions of the these two honest personsD.pilgrims问题3选项A.Cheating, stealing and killing prevails.B.You can buy things as well as humans.C.It is an a
15、ncient invention.D.The expensive goods are made in Rome.问题4选项A.In a town on the way to the Celestial City.B.In BritainC.NowhereD.In Europe问题5选项A.the Prince of princesB.the Lord of the fairC.the Celestial CityD.He【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“It bears the name of Vanity Fairand
16、also because all that is there sold, or that comes thither, is vanity.”，可知Vanity Fair这个地方是买卖东西的，所以是一个市集的名字，fair的意思最有可能是“市场”。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with their companionsthey contrived here to set up a fair”，可知Apollyon、Beelzebub和他们的同伴打算在这儿建立一个市镇。所以文中的they就是指这些人。选项A符合
17、题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“But, as in other fairs, some one commodity is as the chief of all the fair, so the ware of Rome and her goods are greatly promoted in this fair”，可知和其他集市一样，也有一些商品会成为市集的主角，比如罗马的器皿以及其他商品就非常畅销。只是说明罗马的有些商品在集市非常受欢迎，无法说明昂贵的物品都产自罗马。选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion,
18、 with their companions, perceiving by the path that the pilgrims made that their way to the city lay through this town of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair”，可知Apollyon、Beelzebub和他们的同伴从朝圣者通往天国的路上，他们能够看到浮华镇是必经之地，所以打算在这里建立一个集市。所以集市的位置应该位于朝圣者通往天国的路上。选项A符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章最后一段第二句，“would have made
19、him lord of the fair, would he but have done him reverence as he went through the town.”，可知Beelzebub邀请耶稣在镇上购买虚荣商品，并且承诺只要在他经过集市的时候，向他表示敬意，就会让他成为集市的主人。所以可推断，文段中的him就是指集市的主人。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题To begin to （ ） the pollution causing climate change, cities around the world need to be made more efficient, adopt
20、ing measures ranging from reducing the energy costs of sanitation to constructing buildings that waste less energy.问题1选项A.mitigateB.migrateC.magnifyD.militate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Mitigate “使缓和，减轻”；migrate “移居，移植”；magnify “放大，夸大”；militate “有影响，产生作用”。句意：要开始缓和气候变化带来的污染，全世界的城市都要提高效率，采取一系列措施，从降低卫生设施的能源成本到建设能源
21、节约型建筑。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题In 1871 the Paris Commune which, as mentioned, was the first socialist revolution, was also the last one to take place in a country that was part of the capitalist center. The twentieth century inaugurated - with the “awakening of the peoples of the peripheries - a new chapter in
22、 history. Its first manifestations were the revolutions in Iran (1907), in Mexico (1910-1920), China (1911) and “semi-peripheral” Russia in 1905. This awakening of the peoples and nations of the periphery was carried forward in the Revolution of 1917, the Arabo-Muslim Nahda, the constitution of the
23、Young Turk movement (1908), the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, and the formation of the Indian Congress (1885). In reaction to the first long crisis of historical capitalism (1875-1950), the peoples of the periphery began to liberate themselves around 1914-1917, mobilizing themselves under the flags o
24、f socialism (Russia, China, Vietnam, Cuba) or of national liberation (India, Algeria) associated to different degrees with progressive social reforms. They took the path to industrialization, hitherto forbidden by the domination of the old imperialism, forcing the latter to adjust to this first wave
25、 of independent initiatives of the peoples, nations, and states of the peripheries. From 1917 to the time when the Bandung project (1955-1980) ran out of steam and Sovietism collapsed in 1990, these were the initiatives that dominated the scene. I do not see the two long crises of aging monopoly cap
26、italism in terms of long Kondratieff cycles, but as two stages in both the decline of historical globalized capitalism and the possible transition to socialism. Nor do I see the 1914-1945 period exclusively as the 30 years war for the succession to “British hegemony.”1 see this period also as the lo
27、ng war conducted by the imperialist centers against the first awakening of the peripheries (East and South). This first wave of the awakening of the peoples of the periphery wore out for many reasons, including its own internal limitations and contradictions, and imperialisms success in finding new
28、ways of dominating the world system (through the control of technological invention, access to resources, the globalized financial system, communication and information technology, weapons of mass destruction). Nevertheless, capitalism underwent a second long crisis that began in the 1970s, exactly
29、one hundred years after the first one. The reactions of capital to this crisis were the same as it had had to the previous one: reinforced concentration, which gave rise to generalized monopoly capitalism, globalization (liberal), and fractionalization. But the moment of triumph-the second belle poq
30、ue, from 1990 to 2008, echoing the first belle poque, from 1890 to 1914-of the new collective imperialism of the Triad (the United States, Europe, and Japan) was indeed brief. A new epoch of chaos, wars, and revolutions emerged. In this situation, the second wave of the awakening of the nations of t
31、he periphery (which had already started) now refused to allow the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominant positions, other than through the military control of the planet. 1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as revolution in the passage?2.The word Kondratieff cycles in the
32、 third paragraph most probably refers to （ ）.3.How do the peoples, nations, and states of the peripheries force the historical capitalism to “adjust” to their first wave of independent initiatives?4.Which of the following can best explain the idea of last sentence of the passage?5.Which of the follo
33、wing statements can best explain the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.The “semi-peripheral” Russia in 1905.B.The British hegemony.C.The Egyptian Revolution of 1919.D.The Paris Commune.问题2选项A.a term in politicsB.a term in economicsC.a term in ecologyD.a term in sociology问题3选项A.through socialism.B.thro
34、ugh national liberation.C.through industrialization.D.through financial globalization.问题4选项A.The second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery had already started, which now refused to allow the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominant positions. In this situation,
35、 the imperialism had to resort to the military control of the planet.B.The second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery (which had already started) now couldnt accept the collective imperialism of the Triad maintaining its dominant positions and they had to resort to the military con
36、trol the planet in this situation.C.In this situation, the second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery had already started, which now couldnt accept the collective imperialism of the Triad maintaining its dominant military control of the planet.D.In this situation, the second wave o
37、f the awakening of the nations of the periphery (which had already started) now refused to allow the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominant positions, let alone allow it to achieve this aim through the military control of the planet.问题5选项A.The second wave of the awakening of th
38、e nations of the periphery now refused to allow the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominant positions.B.People in the periphery have no alternative than to opt for a different development path.C.The initiative of the historical development spontaneously passes to the peoples and
39、 nations of the periphery.D.The twentieth century inauguratedwith the “awakening of the peoples of the peripheries”-a new chapter in history.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段， “In 1871 the Paris CommuneIts first manifestations were the revolutions in Iran (1907), and “semi-peripheral”
40、 Russia in 1905the constitution of the Young Turk movement (1908), the Egyptian Revolution of 1919”，所以英国的霸权主义文中没有提及。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第三段， “I do not see the two long crises of aging monopoly capitalism in terms of long Kondratieff cycles, but as two stages in both the decline of historical globalize
41、d capitalism and the possible transition to socialism.”，可知我并不会从长期的康德拉蒂夫周期来看待垄断资本主义衰退的两个长期危机，而是历史全球化资本主义衰落和向社会主义过渡的两个阶段。可推断出Kondratieff cycles是与经济相关的术语。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “They took the path to industrialization, hitherto forbidden by the domination of the old imperialism, forcing the latter to
42、 adjust to this first wave of independent initiatives of the peoples, nations, and states of the peripheries.”，可知他们走上了工业化的道路，来强迫统治者“调整”以适应第一次独立运动。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一句，“In this situation, the second wave of the awakening of the nations of the periphery (which had already started) now refused to all
43、ow the collective imperialism of the Triad to maintain its dominant positions, other than through the military control of the planet.”，可知在这种情况下，外围国家的第二波觉醒已经开始了，其拒绝让三足鼎立的帝国主义保持它的统治地位，但帝国主义的军事控制除外。可推断出在这种情况下，帝国主义必须对全球继续实施军事控制。选项A符合题意。5.主旨题。纵观全文。第一段提及了20世纪的民族革命运动；第二段主要提到资本主义开始走上了工业化的道路来调整使其适应独立运动；接着第四段
44、和第五段介绍了两次民族觉醒革命。所以文章的主题以20世纪外围民族的觉醒和革命运动展开。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题Seller takes the view that women who uncritically adopt philosophical conceptions of knowledge may find themselves saddled with consequences that are （ ） their perceptions of the world and their politics.问题1选项A.at odds withB.over the odds forC
45、against all odds withD.within the odds for【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。at odds with “意见不一致”，没有B、C和D选项的搭配。句意：塞勒认为，那些不加批判地接受哲学知识观念的女性，可能会发现自己背负着与她们对世界和政治的看法不一致的结果。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Americans have a profound longing for heroes - now perhaps more than ever. On some level, we still （ ） the myth of the man in the white hat
46、问题1选项A.succeed toB.subscribe toC.succeed againstD.subside into【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。succeed to “继承，接着发生”；subscribe to “同意，赞成”；succeed against “成功应对”；subside into “逐渐衰退”。句意：美国人对英雄有一种深厚的渴望-现在活着比以往更加渴望。在某种程度上，我们仍然相信戴白帽子人的神话。选项B符合题意。8. 翻译题When ConAgra Foods came to China five years ago, the company had high ho
47、pes and big worries. Previously, the company entered the Japanese market and repeatedly ran into obstacles like communication breakdowns, cultural missteps and missed deadlines. While those wrinkles were eventually straightened out，ConAgra knew it could not afford to make the same mistake in China. Intent on finding a guide who could shorten the cultural distance, Julie Williams, who was then the companys human resources manager responsible for international organization, hired Carla Kearns, founder of TLI-The Mandarin School, based in Toronto, to provide its executives with interc
