1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Two （ ） bipartisan bills aimed at reducing the “trust deficit” created by the Snowden revelations and placing limits on the bulk collection of American citizens metadata were introduced to Congress this week.问题1选项A.complimentaryB.complementaryC.commentaryD.c
2、ontemptible【答案】B【解析】形近异义词辨析。complimentary “赠送的，称赞的”；complementary “补足的”，commentary “评论，注释”；contemptible “可鄙的，卑鄙的”。句意：这周，由两党赞成的补充议案被提交国会，这些议案旨在减少“信任赤字”，这种“信任赤字”是由斯诺登造成的，并且限制美国公民元数据的批量收集。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Many people who are otherwise committed to low-carbon life-styles will （ ） from participating in an a
3、ction that might involve significant levels of police harassment or even violence.问题1选项A.take offB.be taken offC.put offD.be put off【答案】A【解析】固定搭配和语法题。take off “离开，起飞”；put off “脱下”。句意：许多坚持低碳生活的人将拒绝参加那些大量警察干预甚至暴力的行动。所以是主动从这些活动中离开，不参加。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题For a young man of such scrupulous loyalty and so litt
4、le ambition this was a discouraging start. Despite all his correctness, he appeared to have blundered and to have started life （ ）.问题1选项A.on wrong feetB.on his wrong feetC.on the wrong footD.on a wrong foot【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配on the wrong feet “处于不利地位”，可排除A、B和D选项。句意：尽管他很正确，但是他似乎犯了大错，使人生处于不利的处境。选项C符合
5、题意。4. 单选题In addition, the search for new economic models that prioritize inclusive and sustainable growth （ ）new, and more active, roles for territories in policy design and implementation.问题1选项A.has called onB.has called toC.is calling upD.is calling for【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。call on “访问，号召”；call to “呼唤，打电话
6、给”；call up打电话;召集”；call for “要求；提倡”。句意：此外，对新经济模式的寻求要求政策设计及执行方面扮演一个新的、积极的觉角色，这种经济模式是优先考虑包容性和可持续增长的。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Tandja also dissolved the parliament and awarded himself some powers to rule by decree （ ） the countrys constitution.问题1选项A.contrast withB.contrary toC.contradictory inD.contempt of【答案】B【解析
7、固定搭配。contrary to “与相反”。句意：Tandja还解散了议会，并通过一些违反国家宪法的统治来授予自己一些统治权力。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题A painstaking process of reinventing led to new core courses designed to help students develop global awareness and strengthen their analytical and reasoning abilities, critical reading skills, and writing （ ）.问题1选项A.pro
8、fessionB.performanceC.proficiencyD.progress【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。profession “职业，专业”；performance “性能，绩效”；proficiency “精通，熟练”；progress “进步，发展”。句意：一个艰苦的改造过程带来了新的核心课程，旨在帮助学生发展全球意识，提升他们的分析和推理能力，提高批判性阅读和写作的熟练程度。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题China is far from perfect and seeks its own advantage, but holding it （ ）our domestic p
9、roblems is beyond anachronistic.问题1选项A.account forB.accounting toC.accounted toD.accountable for【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。account for “负有责任，占比例”；account to “报账”；hold (sb./sth.) accountable for “让某人对某事负责”。句意：中国远非完美，而是在寻求自身的优势，如果让它来对国内问题承担责任，那就相当不合时宜。选项D符合题意。8. 问答题No thinker in the nineteenth century has had so d
10、irect, deliberate and powerful an influence upon mankind as Karl Marx. Both during his lifetime and after it he has exercised an intellectual and moral ascendancy over his followers, the strength of which was unique even in that golden age of democratic nationalism, an age which saw the rise of grea
11、t popular heroes and martyrs，romantic, almost legendary figures, whose lives and words dominated the imagination of the masses and created a new revolutionary tradition in Europe. Yet Marx could not, at any time, be called a popular figure in the ordinary sense: certainly he was in no sense a popula
12、r writer or orator. He wrote extensively, but his works were not, during his lifetime, read widely; and when, in the late eighteen seventies, they began to reach the immense public which several among them afterwards obtained, the desire to read them was due not so much to a recognition of their int
13、rinsic qualities as to the growth of the fame and notoriety of the movement with which he was identified.Marx totally lacked the qualities of a great popular leader or agitator, was not a publicist of genius like the Russian democrat Alexander Helen, nor did he possess Bakunins marvelous eloquence;
14、the greater part of his working life was spent in comparative obscurity in London, at his writing-desk and in the reading-room of the British Museum. He was little known to the general public, and while towards the end of his life he became the recognized and admired leader of a powerful internation
15、al movement, nothing in his life or character stirred the imagination or evoked the boundless devotion, the intense, almost religion, worship, with which such men as Kossuth, Mazzini, and even Lassalle in his last years, were regarded by their followers.His public appearances were neither frequent n
16、or notably successful. On the few occasions on which he addressed banquets or public meetings, his speeches were overloaded with matter, and delivered with a combination of monotonousness and brusqueness, which commanded the respect but not the enthusiasm of his audience. He was by temperament a the
17、orist and an intellectual, and instinctively avoided direct contact with the masses, to the study of whose interests his entire life was devoted. To many of his followers he appeared in the role of a dogmatic and sententious German schoolmaster, prepared to repeat his theses indefinitely, with risin
18、g sharpness, until their essence became irremovably lodged in his disciples minds. The greater part of his economic teaching was given its first expression in lectures to working men: his exposition under these circumstances was by all accounts a model of lucidity and conciseness. But he wrote slowl
19、y and painfully, as sometimes happens with rapid and fertile thinkers, scarcely able to cope with the speed of their own ideas, impatient at once to communicate a new doctrine, and to forestall every possible objection; the published versions were generally turgid, clumsy, and obscure in detail, alt
20、hough the central doctrine is never in serious doubt. He was acutely copious of this and once compared himself with the hero of Balzacs Unknown Masterpiece, who tries to paint the picture which has formed itself in his mind, touches and retouches the canvas endlessly, to produce at last a shapeless
21、mass of colors, which to his eye seems to express the vision in his imagination. He belonged to a generation which cultivated the emotions more intently and deliberately than its predecessors, and was brought up among men to whom ideas were often more real than facts, and personal relations meant fa
22、r more than the events of the external world; by whom indeed public life was commonly understood and interpreted in terms of the rich and elaborate world of their own private experience.1.What kind of person was Karl Marx according to the passage?2.How could you describe the age when Marx lived acco
23、rding to the passage?3.What did the author think of Marxs popularity?4.Why was the audience not enthusiastic about Marxs speeches?5.For what purpose was Balzacs Unknown Masterpiece mentioned?【答案】1.Karl Marx was a great thinker who brought direct, deliberate and powerful influence upon mankind. But h
24、e totally lacked the qualities of a great popular leader or agitator. His public appearances were neither frequent nor notably successful.2.It is a golden age of democratic nationalism, an age which saw the rise of great popular heroes and martyrs, romantic, almost legendary figures, whose lives and
25、 words dominated the imagination of the masses and created a new revolutionary tradition in Europe.3.The reason of Marx popularity was due not so much to a recognition of intrinsic qualities contained in his works as to the growth of the fame and notoriety of the movement with which he was identifie
26、d.4.Because his speeches were overloaded with matter, and delivered with a combination of monotonousness and brusqueness.5.Karl Marx once compared himself with the hero of Balzacs Unknown Masterpiece to explain his special ways of writing and thinking.9. 单选题The United States and Russia have reached
27、an agreement that calls for Syrias （ ） of chemical weapons to be removed or destroyed by the middle of 2014, Secretary of State John Kerry said on Saturday.问题1选项A.artilleryB.armorC.arsenalD.army【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。artillery “炮，炮兵部队”； armor “装甲，盔甲”；arsenal “兵工厂，军械库”；army “军 队”。句意：美俄两国已经达成协议，要求叙利亚化学武器的军械库
28、于2014年年中移除或者销毁。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Recently, Japanese imports of manufactured goods from China have surged and the reputation of Chinese products has improved substantially, giving rise to concern that China will soon replace Japan as the factory of the world. An objective evaluation of Chinas industrial
29、 strength, however, suggests that there is still a long way to go before it will become a truly advanced industrial country on par with Japan.First of all, the high proportion of labor-intensive products in Chinas exports means that its trade structure is typical of a newly industrializing economy (
30、NIE).This is different from that of developed countries, where the major export items, such as machinery, are technology-intensive. Although China is increasing its share of the global market for manufactured goods, including some information-technology (IT) products that are classified as high-tech
31、 Chinese exports are still highly concentrated in lower-end products. In the ease of televisions, for instance, Japan specializes in high-definition and other higher-end models, while China produces standard models whose unit values are much lower.Reflecting Chinas emphasis on processing trade, goo
32、ds made in China contain large numbers of overseas components, some of which are made in Japan. According to official Chinese statistics, increasing exports by USS1 million requires importing intermediate goods and components worth $500,000, which do not form part of Chinas gross domestic product (G
33、DP). Moreover, the proportion of this imported content is higher for high-tech than for low-tech products. A computer labeled made in China is likely to contain a large portion of imported contents including an Intel central processing unit (CPU), Microsoft Windows operating system, and a liquid cry
34、stal display made in Japan or South Korea.In addition, approximately half of Chinas exports are produced by subsidiaries of foreign companies, to which dividends, interest charges, royalties and other fees must be paid. Even among Chinese companies with no capital relations with overseas companies,
35、the majority of their exports are processed under OEM (original equipment manufacturing) contracts and sold with foreign brand names. Thus only a very small percentage of the value-added of products labeled made in China is actually made by China. The latter corresponds to the concept of Chinas gros
36、s national product (GNP), and excludes import charges on intermediate goods and investment income paid to overseas countries.China is so heavily dependent on foreign partners that it has yet to develop its own edge-cutting technology and internationally recognized brand names. On top of this; Chines
37、e companies are inferior to their overseas counterparts in virtually every aspect, be it capital, human resources, or business management. As a result, China has no option but to look to cheap labor for its export competitiveness. Indeed, the majority of Chinas contribution to the value-added of its
38、 exports lies with the cost of labor, and the very low wages in China, averaging less than $100 a month, imply that this contribution must be very small. As such, the common assumption that Chinese goods are competitive because the countrys wage levels are low holds true only for labor-intensive pro
39、ducts and does not necessarily apply to industry as a whole. Instead, Chinas low wages should be interpreted as a reflection of the fact that its labor productivity is poor. It is when Chinas wage levels approach those of Japan, reflecting a rise in productivity, which China will really become a for
40、midable competitor for Japan.1.Why does the author say there is still a long way to go before it will become a truly advanced industrial country on par with Japan?2.According to the author, whats the difference between products labeled made in China and those labeled made by China?3.Which of the fol
41、lowing is true about the competitiveness of Japans products?4.The word “subsidiaries” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to （ ）.5.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.Chinas trade structure is still lagging behind that of developed countries.B.Chinas export goods a
42、re not as competitive as Japans.C.Without foreign help and advanced technology China cannot produce most of its products.D.China is still faced with the problems of backward trade structure, low-tech and labor-intensive products.问题2选项A.Products labeled made in China are high-tech products while the
43、latter are not.B.Whether China is the manufacturer of the original part of products and sells those products with Chinese brand names.C.Whether Chinese companies are subsidiaries of foreign companies.D.Whether Chinese companies are dependent on foreign partners.问题3选项A.Japan doesnt export lower-end p
44、roducts.B.Japan is the factory of the world.C.Japans major export items are high-tech products and competitive in business management.D.Japan doesnt put stress on processing goods.问题4选项A.furnishing aidsB.a sum of moneyC.assistantsD.affiliates问题5选项A.China isnt a Developed Country.B.So-called Made in
45、China Label.C.Japan Wont Fear Made in China Label.D.China Will Replace Japan as the Factory of World.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段， “First of all, the high proportion of labor-intensive products in Chinas exportsChinese exports are still highly concentrated in lower-end produc
46、ts.”，可知二三段总结了中国工业发展的问题，包括劳动密集型产品占比重过高，中国出口仍高度集中于低端产品。可推断出中国仍然面临贸易结构落后、科技含量低、劳动密集型产品等问题。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “Reflecting Chinas emphasis on processing trade, goods made in China contain large numbers of overseas components, some of which are made in Japan.”，可知“中国制造”的商品含有大量海外零部件，其中一些是日本制造的，这反映出中国对
47、加工贸易的重视。根据文章第四段， “Thus only a very small percentage of the value-added of products labeled made in China is actually made by China.”，可知产品的研发不在中国。可推断出中国制造和中国创造的区别在于中国是否是原装产品的生产商，并销售那些有中国品牌的产品。选项B符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第三段， “Japan specializes in high-definition and other higher-end models, while China produces standard models whose unit values are much lower.”，可知日本生产高清和高端机型。根据文章第六段， “China is so heavily dependent on foreign partners that it has yet to develop its own edge-cutting technology and internationally recognized brand names.”，可知中国严重依赖外国合作伙伴，以至于尚未开发出自己的尖端技术和国际知名品牌。可推断出日本的主要出口产品是高科技产品，在企业管理方面具
