1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Since the end of the war, a semblance of （ ）has gradually returned with people going to work and shops reopening.问题1选项A.normalizationB.normC.normativeD.normality【答案】D【解析】语法和形近词辨析。根据a semblance of可知，空格应该填入一个名词，所以选项C可排除。normalization “正常化；正规化”，norm “标准，规范”； no
2、rmality “常态”。句意：自从战争结束以来，随着人们去上班和一些商店的重新开张，表面上渐渐地恢复了正常状态。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Children value perceptive comments, responses and questions on their writing, but they quickly see through （ ）approval and generalized faint praise.问题1选项A.perniciousB.perfunctoryC.lethargicD.phlegmatic【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。pernicious
3、有害的”；perfunctory “敷衍的”；lethargic “昏睡的，无生气的”；phlegmatic “冷淡的，迟钝的”。句意：孩子们重视他们写作中具有洞察力的评论、回答和问题，但是他们能迅速区分敷衍的意见和普通的赞美。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题If no acquisition was cognized as rightful even in a provisional way （ ） entering the civil condition, the civil condition itself would be impossible.问题1选项A.anterior befor
4、eB.posterior toC.prior beforeD.prior to【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析和固定搭配。anterior“先前的”；posterior to“晚于”；prior to“居先”；prior“优先的”。句意：如果获取行为被认为是合理的，甚至是以暂时的方式提前申请民用条件，那么民用条件本身变得不可能。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题A family squabble for one of Ashs greatest fortunes （ ）yesterday as lawmakers and relatives of Stanley Ho, the Macao casi
5、no tycoon, argued over the validity of a controversial share transfer.问题1选项A.burst openB.burst out openC.burst into openD.burst into the open【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配burst into “突然进入”，选项A和B可排除，into后接一个名词，the open作名词形式。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Mr. Coleman, president of the College Board, announced new programs to he
6、lp low-income students, who will now be given （ ）allowing them to apply to four colleges at no charge.问题1选项A.scholarshipsB.tuition feeC.loansD.fee waivers【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。scholarship“奖学金，学问”；tuition fee“学 费”；loan “贷款”；fee waiver “免除费用”。句意：这些学生将被给予免除费用的待遇，将允许他们允许免费申请四所大学。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题President Barack
7、 Obama has been excoriated for declaring that “we dont have a strategy yet” for effectively confronting the Islamic State group. In criticizing Obama for taking too much time, Mike Rogers, the Republican chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, told “Fox News Sunday” that “this dont-do-stupid-s
8、tuff” policy isnt working.” That sounded odd to my earlike we should just bomb somebody, even if it is stupid. If Obama did that, what would he be ignoring? First, experience. After 9/11 that sort of “fire, ready, aim” approach led George W. Bush to order a ground war in Iraq without sufficient troo
9、ps to control the country, without a true grasp of Iraqs Shiite-Sunni sectarian dynamics and without any realization that, in destroying the Sunni Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the Sunni Baathist regime in Iraq, we were destroying both of Irans mortal enemies and thereby opening the way for a va
10、st expansion of Irans regional influence. We were in a hurry, myself included, to change things after 9/11, and when youre in a hurry you ignore complexities that come back to haunt you later. There are no words to describe the vileness of the video beheadings of two U.S. journalists by the Islamic
11、State, but I have no doubt that theyre meant to get us to overreact, a la 9/11, and rush off again without a strategy. The Islamic State is awful, but it is not a threat to Americas homeland. Second, the context. To defeat the Islamic State, you have to address the context out of which it emerged. A
12、nd that is the three civil wars raging in the Arab world today: the civil war within Sunni Islam between radical jihadists and moderate mainstream Sunni Muslims and regimes; the civil war across the region between Sunnis funded by Saudi Arabia and Shiites funded by Iran; and the civil war between Su
13、nni jihadists and all other minorities in the region: Yazidis, Turkmen, Kurds, Christians, Jews and Alawites. When you have a region beset by that many civil wars at once, it means there is no center, only sides. And when you intervene in the middle of a region with no center, you very quickly becom
14、e a side. The Islamic State emerged as an extreme expression of resentment by one side: Iraqi and Syrian Sunnis who felt cut out of power and resources by the pro-Iranian Shiite regime in Baghdad and the pro-Iranian Alawite/Shiite regime in Damascus. That is why Obama keeps insisting that the United
15、 States military intervention must be accompanied, for starters, by Iraqis producing a national unity government of mainstream Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds - so our use of force supports pluralism and power-sharing, not just Shiite power. But power-sharing doesnt come easy in a region where kinship and
16、 sectarian loyalties overwhelm any sense of shared citizenship. Without it, though, the dominant philosophy is either: “I am strong, why should I compromise?” or “I am weak, how can I compromise?” So any onslaught we make on the Islamic State, absent national unity governments, will have Shiites say
17、ing the former and Sunnis saying the latter. Thats why this is complicated. 1.Which of the following words is synonymous to the highlighted word “excoriated” in the first line of the passage?2.According to the passage, all of the following statements are FALSE EXCEPT （ ）.3.Which of the following sta
18、tements is FALSE according to the passage?4.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the whole passage?5.What do you think of the authors attitude towards Obamas policy on the Islamic State according to the passage?问题1选项A.excruciatedB.approbatedC.exfoliatedD.reprobated问题2选项A.Mike Rog
19、ers doesnt think that it is stupid that Obama didnt take actions to bomb the Islamic State.B.George W. Bushs approach to destroy the Sunni Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the Sunni Baathist regime in Iraq has actually helped Iran.C.The Islamic State beheaded two American Journalists had threatened
20、 the safety of American homeland.D.When a region is beset by many civil wars at once, there is center, no sides.问题3选项A.If Obama did destroy the Islamic State, he would ignore several issues.B.The video beheadings of two U.S. journalists by the Islamic State are just meant to threaten the United Stat
21、es.C.Obama insists that the United States，military intervention in Iraq must be accompanied by Iraqis producing a national unity government.D.The U.S. government needs to think over before taking actions against the Islamic State.问题4选项A.Obamas Policy on the Islamic StateB.Conflicts in the Arab World
22、C.Fire, Ready, Aim. Not Ready, Aim, FireD.Ready, Aim, Fire. Not Fire, Ready, Aim问题5选项A.opposingB.approvingC.neutralD.indifferent【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一句，“President Barack Obama has been excoriated for declaring that “we dont have a strategy yet” for effectively confronting th
23、e Islamic State group.”，可知美国总统巴拉克奥巴马因宣称尚未制定有效对抗伊斯兰国组织的战略而受到严厉批评。所以找出excoriate “批评，斥责”的同义词，选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“After 9/11 that sort of “fire, ready, aim” approach led George W. Bush to order a ground war in Iraq without sufficient troops to control the country, without a true grasp of Iraqs S
24、hiite-Sunni sectarian dynamics and without any realization that, in destroying the Sunni Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the Sunni Baathist regime in Iraq, we were destroying both of Irans mortal enemies and thereby opening the way for a vast expansion of Irans regional influence.”可知9.11后那种“开炮、准备、
25、作战”的方法使布什在伊拉克发动地面战争的时候没有足够的军事力量在控制这个国家，没有真正了解伊拉克什叶派和逊尼派的宗派动态，也没有意识到摧毁了阿富汗的逊尼派塔利班政权和伊拉克的逊尼派复兴党政权，我们就可以摧毁伊朗的死敌，从而为伊朗地区影响力的大规模扩张开辟道路。可推断出布什摧毁阿富汗逊尼派塔利班政权和伊拉克逊尼派复兴党政权的做法，实际上帮助了伊朗。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句，“ There are no words to describe the vileness of the video beheadings of two U.S. journalists by th
26、e Islamic State, but I have no doubt that theyre meant to get us to overreact”，可知伊斯兰国斩首两名美国记者的视频的恶劣程度无法用言语来形容，但我毫不怀疑，他们的目的只是让我们反应过度。所以目的不是为了威胁美国。选项B符合题意。4.主旨题。文章主要关于有效抗击伊斯兰国组织的策略问题，主要讲述了打击伊斯兰国的策略。9.11事件后策略上的不成熟导致美国陷入不利的处境，所以D选项的标题是对策略的一个完整概括和总结，即准备-定目标-开战，而不是开战-准备-定目标。选项D符合题意。5.作者态度题。根据文章第一段，“That s
27、ounded odd to my earlike we should just bomb somebody, even if it is stupid. If Obama did that, what would he be ignoring?”，可知在我听来这很奇怪，就好像我们应该直接轰炸某人，即使这很愚蠢。如果奥巴马要摧毁伊斯兰国，他会忽略哪些问题呢?，可推断出作者对于奥巴马摧毁伊斯兰国的政策持赞同态度。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Much as officials still say that China cannot carry the burden of international
28、governance, they are （ ） the idea that it should sign up as a stakeholder in a set of rules made in Washington.问题1选项A.dismissive ofB.disincentive toC.disturbingD.dissipating【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析和固定搭配。be dismissive of “不屑一顾”；be disincentive to “阻碍因素”；disturb “打扰”；dissipate“使驱散”。句意：尽管官员们仍然说中国不能承担起国际管理的责任，但是
29、他们也会对这样的想法不屑一顾：中国在制定一套规则中成为利益相关者。选项A符合题意。8. 翻译题When ConAgra Foods came to China five years ago, the company had high hopes and big worries. Previously, the company entered the Japanese market and repeatedly ran into obstacles like communication breakdowns, cultural missteps and missed deadlines. Whi
30、le those wrinkles were eventually straightened out，ConAgra knew it could not afford to make the same mistake in China. Intent on finding a guide who could shorten the cultural distance, Julie Williams, who was then the companys human resources manager responsible for international organization, hire
31、d Carla Kearns, founder of TLI-The Mandarin School, based in Toronto, to provide its executives with intercultural business training.Ms. Kearns teaches companies to understand the fundamental values that Western and Chinese cultures see differently and that if ignored can wreak havoc on their bottom
32、 line. They include concepts of time, hierarchy, individualism, personal relationships and saving face.Western executives flying into China for a week of back-to-back meetings but getting nowhere with their Chinese business partners? They may be investing money in the trip, but not something just as
33、 vital: time. Rushed schedules leave no time for skillful negotiation and can offend Chinese, who want to build trust and develop relationships, or guanxi, often by socializing over dinners and drinks.Another pitfall is when Westerners lay all the problems on the table, while Chinese will only addre
34、ss two at any given meeting because criticism or blame will make them look bad in front of their peers.Western executives assuming their business practices are successful if their Chinese employees dont object? Think again. Chinese are taught to obey authority and are often loath to disagree with th
35、eir bosses. Ms. Kearns charges corporations about $5,000 for a day of training for 5 to 100 people and speaks to both Westerners and Chinese, focusing on the “core gut reactions” each audience has when facing cultural obstacles at the office. Part therapist, motivational speaker and management consu
36、ltant, Ms. Kearns, who has worked across East Asia, begins by telling clients like ConAgra to leave their Western assumptions at home. “Im able to explain these cultural issues to Westerners because Ive been through that frustration, too,” she said. “So many times I see Westerners go to China and se
37、e something different than what happens in North America, and it becomes this judgment and condemnation.” 【答案】当最终克服这些困难后，康尼格拉公司深知决不能在中国重蹈覆辙。卡恩斯教导企业要理解中西文化对基本价值的不同看法，忽视这些会带来不良后果。西方的管理人员飞到中国，一周内开会不断，但和中国商业伙伴却无任何进展？他们可以为旅行投资，而没有为同样重要的东西时间投资。另一个易犯错误是西方人把全部问题摆到桌面上，而中国人在特定会议上只愿意讨论少数几个问题，因为批评和责备会使他们在同行面前尴尬
38、近年来外国公司大量涌入中国，催生了不少新兴的文化交流和创新咨询机构，它们受雇对西方人和中国人就外语、管理风格和企业文化进行培训。称职的文化培训者首先会谈到中国多数职场新手了解的礼仪，如交换名片要用双手，宴请时座次恰当，这些可能有助于进入会议室，但要成交且看到利润显然还需要细腻的方法。她说：“因为我曾经也经历过这种挫败，所以我能向西方人解释这些文化差距导致的问题。”9. 翻译题If there is any truth in what has been said about the need of forming. A theory of experience at education may
39、 be intelligently conducted upon the basis of experience, it is clear that the next thing in order in this discussion is to present the principles that are most significant in framing this theory. I shall not, therefore, apologize for engaging in a certain amount of philosophical analysis, which oth
40、erwise might be out of place. I may, however, reassure you to some degree by saying that this analysis is not an end in itself but is engaged in for the sake of obtaining criteria to be applied later in discussion of a number of concrete and, to most persons, more interesting issues.I have already m
41、entioned what I called the category of continuity, or the experiential continuum.This principle is involved, as 1 pointed out, in every attempt to discriminate between experiences that are worthwhile educationally and those that are not. It may seem superfluous to argue that this discrimination is n
42、ecessary not only in criticizing the traditional type of education but also in initiating and conducting a different type. Nevertheless, it is advisable to pursue for a little while the idea that it is necessary. One may safely assume. I suppose, that one thing which has recommended the progressive
43、movement is that it seems more in accord with the democratic ideal to which our people is committed than do the procedures of the traditional school, since the latter have so much of the autocratic about them. Another thing which has contributed to its favorable reception is that its methods are hum
44、ane in comparison with the harshness so often attending the policies of the traditional school.The question I would raise concerns why we prefer democratic and humane arrangements to those which are autocratic and harsh.And by “why”, I mean the reason for preferring them, not just the causes which l
45、ead us to the preference. One cause may be that we have been taught not only in the schools but by the press, the pulpit, the platform, and our laws and law-making bodies that democracy is the best of all social institutions. We may have so assimilated this idea from our surroundings that it has bec
46、ome a habitual part of our mental and moral make-up. But similar causes have led other persons in different surroundings to widely varying conclusions- to prefer fascism, for example. The cause for our preference is not the same thing as the reason why we should prefer it.It is not my purpose here t
47、o go in detail into the reason. But I would ask a single question: Can we find any reason that does not ultimately come down to the belief that democratic social arrangements promote a better quality of human experience, one which is more widely accessible and enjoyed than do non-democratic and anti
48、democratic forms of social life? Does not the principle of regard for individual freedom and for decency and kindliness of human relations come back in the end to the conviction that these things are tributary to a higher quality of experience on the part of a greater number than arc methods of repression and coercion or force?Is it not the reason for our preference that we believe tha
