1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The reality is that only by preventing man-made debris from getting into the ocean in the first place （ ）a measureable reduction （ ）accomplished.问题1选项A.XXB.willbeC.thatwill beD.willX【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据题目，is后是由that引导的表语从句，从句是由only引导的一个倒装句，所以用部分倒装结构，将助动词will提前。句意：
2、事实就是，只有首先阻止人造垃圾排入海洋，将会实现一种可量化的减少。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题As the worlds political and business elites gather in Davos, the dominant economic and political trend is clear. In the aftermath of the Great Recession, the divergent fortunes of the western and Asian powers have become an overarching theme. The really
3、 big question, however, is whether this is just a cyclical blip, or the start of a truly historic long-term trend.Both viewpoints will have their supporters in Davos. Those who predict the continuing dominance of the western world will argue that the US economy is already beginning to recover and th
4、at it has consistently surprised skeptics with its technological prowess and economic resilience.As for Europe, some believe that the euro zone crisis has already peaked. They argue that market confidence is returning, that the German economythe core of the euro zone-is in rude health and that the E
5、uropean Union is beginning to put in place the reforms that will make EU more resilient and unified in future.Optimism about western strength is often combined with certain skepticism about the Asian miracle. There will be voices in Davos warning about rising inflation in China and about the long-te
6、rm risks to China posed by environmental degradation, and an ageing society. Sessions on India will hear cautions about everything from corruption to water shortage and armed rebellions in the countryside.In general, however, optimism about Asia and pessimism about the west is likely to be the preva
7、iling mood. Even though the US economy is now growing, an apparent budget deficit and a rising national debt present a picture of both economic and political weakness. Similarly, the threat of sovereign-debt crises continues to hover over the EUand its political response has so far been anything but
8、 convincing.The conventional wisdom is that a profound shift of economic and political power from west to east is indeed under way. The next question is whether the transition will be smooth or turbulent.Once again, both sides of the argument will be aired. The optimists will argue that the world is
9、 already moving towards a new phase in the story of globalization. They believe that US anger about alleged Chinese currency manipulation and mercantilism will be blunted, as China allows its currency to appreciate and as the Chinese comer market beans to fulfill its potential. The relationship betw
10、een China and the US is seen as a microcosm of the new relationship between developed and emerging powers. According to the optimistic scenario, the western world will abandon any flirtation with protectionism, as it increasingly realizes that the growth markets for the wests large companies lie in
11、countries such as China, India and Brazil. The current surge in European car sales to China could be cited as an encouraging example of this trend.1.As the author discusses the issues in this passage, he sounds （ ）.2.The theme of the Davos Economic Forum would be （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the pa
12、ssage that the German economy is （ ）.4.Which of the following is NOT discussed as a drag on Chinas economic growth in the passage?5.The China-US relationship will be a very challenging one because （ ）.问题1选项A.criticalB.neutralC.optimisticD.pessimistic问题2选项A.current problems in worlds economic recover
13、yB.the restructuring of world economy in the post-crisis eraC.continued dominance of the west in the world economyD.the need to address the latest developments in the world economy问题3选项A.in very good shapeB.recovering graduallyC.experiencing some problemsD.undergoing reforms问题4选项A.ageing populationB
14、high inflationC.resource shortagesD.China-US relations问题5选项A.it is hard to balance the divergent fortunes of the western and Asian powersB.it embodies all the problems between developed and emerging powersC.it is part of the story of globalizationD.the US is angry about Chinas economic and financia
15、l practices【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.作者态度题。纵观全文，作者在文章中只是客观地讲述和分析了世界各国的经济与政治情况，作者并没有过多的发表自己的个人看法，所以在讨论文章中的一些问题的时候，应该是中立的态度。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段， “As the worlds political and business elites gather in Davos, the dominant economic and political trend is clear. In the aftermath of the Great Re
16、cession, the divergent fortunes of the western and Asian powers have become an overarching theme.”，可知随着全球政治和商业精英齐聚达沃斯，占主导地位的经济和政治趋势是明显的。在大萧条之后，西方和亚洲强国的不同命运已成为一个重要的主题。接下来的文章讲述了不同国家的发展情况及整个世界的经济发展态势。可推断出它的主题应该是危机过后世界经济结构的调整。选项B符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第三段， “the German economythe core of the euro zone-is in rude
17、 health”，可知作为欧元区核心的德国，经济状况是好的。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “There will be voices in Davos warning about rising inflation in China and about the long-term risks to China posed by environmental degradation, and an ageing society.”，可知中国不断上升的通胀，以及环境恶化和社会老龄化对中国构成的长期风险。所以中美关系在文中没有提及。选项D符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章第一段， “In
18、 the aftermath of the Great Recession, the divergent fortunes of the western and Asian powers have become an overarching theme.”，可知在大萧条之后，西方和亚洲强国的不同命运已成为一个重要的主题。即西方和亚洲强国的经济实力存在差异。根据文章最后一段， “The relationship between China and the US is seen as a microcosm of the new relationship between developed and
19、 emerging powers.”，可知中美关系被视为发达国家与新兴大国之间新关系的缩影。即中美之间的关系反映了发达国家与新兴国家之间的财富差距。可推断出中美关系具有挑战性的原因在于很难平衡西方和亚洲强国的发展差距。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The Stoics and the Epicureans, however （ ）in the rest of their systems, agreed in holding themselves bound to prove that their respective maxims of conduct were the dictates of
20、nature.问题1选项A.irresponsibleB.irreconcilableC.irreproachableD.irremediable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。irresponsible“不可靠的”；irreconcilable “矛盾的”；irreproachable “无可指责的”；irremediable “不能挽回的”。句意：斯多葛学派和伊壁鸠鲁派在其余的体系中是矛盾的，但是他们一致认为必须证明他们各自的行为准则是符合自然要求的。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Flannery OConnor was not as （ ） as some writers who tur
21、n out reams of materials, but her stories are considered gems that live on after her early and tragic death.问题1选项A.potentialB.prolificC.vitriolicD.vicarious【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。potential “有潜力的”；prolific “多产的”；vitriolic “硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious “替代的，代理的”。句意：Flannery O Connor不像一些创作大量作品的作家那样多产。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Com
22、tes philosophical successor, who carried on both his phenomenalist and presentationalist philosophy into the social arena of politics and ethics, was John Stuart Mill. But first we must turn to an even greater influence on Mills views, one of the leading radical reformers of the nineteenth century,
23、Jeremy Bentham.Born in London, the son of a leading attorney, Bentham was a child prodigy who began studying history and Latin at the age of three. At twelve he entered Queens College in Oxford and earned his B. A. in three years and his M. A. two years later at the age of seventeen. His father expe
24、cted him to become a practicing lawyer, but Bentham was far more interested in the philosophical foundations of ethics, morality, and legal theory. He traveled widely throughout Europe and wrote his first essay on economics in Russia. In 1792 he became a citizen of France.Benthams main philosophical
25、 influences were Locke and Hume. When he read Humes Treatise and Human Nature he said it was as if scales fell from eyes. He went on to publish several books on political and legal theory, but it was his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation that made him a powerful and influentia
26、l international figure. In his Principles he laid the groundwork for utilitarianism; as developed by Mill (whom we shall consider in the next section), his theory is still today one of the leading moral theories in the world.Bentham defines his principle of utility as that property in any object whe
27、reby it tends to produce pleasure, good or happiness, or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil or unhappiness to the party whose interest is considered. According to Bentham, this principle takes account of the two main motives for all human actionpain and pleasure. Governments, social, p
28、olitical and legal institutions, as well as individual citizens, should follow the Greatest Happiness Principle: choose that course of action that leads to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. His utilitarianism, designed to free people from oppressive laws and to make governing
29、 bodies moral, provided a foundation to many democratic societies. Since leaders as well as individuals are thus morally bound to follow the same universal principle and one that is readily accessible to everyonewe all know what pain and pleasure are there can be no manipulation, through rhetoric, o
30、f the weak by the powerful. In Benthams system we are each our own best judge as to how best to live and attain happiness.He openly called for the rejection of all monarchies and established churches, claiming that all government is in itself one vast evil. The only justification for putting such ev
31、il into place would be to prevent some greater evil; governments should therefore never stray from the principle of utilitythe greatest happiness for the greatest number. Among Benthams many disciples, the most famous is John Stuart Mill, who further developed utilitarianism but along rather differe
32、nt lines.1.What does the author probably mean by scales fell from eyes in the third paragraph?2.Which of the following can best explain the quotes in the fourth paragraph of Benthams definition of principle of utility?3.How did Bentham influence the world according to the passage?4.Which of the foll
33、owing statements is TRUE according to the passage?5.Which of the following would most likely follow this passage?问题1选项A.His eyes were full of tears.B.His eyes became smaller.C.He was enlightened.D.He could see clearly.问题2选项A.Utility can be regarded as a quality which is likely to bring happiness or
34、stop the occurrence of unhappiness to interested parties.B.Utility is a kind of possession by which concerned people can get happiness and avoid unhappiness.C.The principle of utility is the principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.D.The principle of utility is the belie
35、f that the value of a thing or an action is determined by its utility.问题3选项A.He influenced the philosophers in the whole world.B.He contributed to overthrowing all the monarchies and churches.C.His theory has changed the moral value of the modem world.D.The moral foundation to many modern democracie
36、s traces back to his theory.问题4选项A.Bentham had great influence on Locke and Hume, as well as on Mill.B.Both Bentham and Mill were Comtes philosophical successors.C.Benthams father was disappointed that he didnt become an attorney.D.Bentham contributed more than Mill to the foundation of utilitariani
37、sm.问题5选项A.The introduction of John Stuart Mill.B.The introduction of Comte.C.The introduction of Hume.D.The introduction of utilitarianism.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句，“Benthams main philosophical influences were Locke and Hume. When he read Humes Treatise and Human Nature he
38、said it was as if scales fell from eyes.”，可知 边沁的主要哲学影响是Locke和Hume。当他读到Hume的论人的本性时，他说这就像从眼睛上掉下来的鳞片。可判断出Hume给他带来了很大的影响。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第四段，“should follow the Greatest Happiness Principle: choose that course of action that leads to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.”，可知它遵循最大的幸福
39、原则：选择能为大多数人带来最大幸福的行动方式。可判断出效用原则是为大多数人带来最大幸福的原则。选项C符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“His utilitarianism, designed to free people from oppressive laws and to make governing bodies moral, provided a foundation to many democratic societies.”，可知他的功利主义，旨在将人民从压迫性的法律中解放出来，并使管理机构具有道德，为许多民主社会提供了基础。可判断出许多现代民主国家的道德基础可以追溯到他的理
40、论。选项D符合题意。4.根据文章第三段，“Benthams main philosophical influences were Locke and Hume.”，可知边沁的哲学思想受到了Locke和Hume的影响，并没有受到Mill的影响，选项A不符合文意，可排除。根据史实，Bentham的思想先于Comte产生，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，提到边沁的父亲希望他成为律师，只是阐述了事实，并没有提及父亲的想法和情感。选项C可排除。选项D符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章最后一句，“Among Benthams many disciples, the most famous is John Stu
41、art Mill, who further developed utilitarianism but along rather different lines.”，可知在边沁的众多弟子中，最著名的是约翰斯图亚特密尔，他进一步发展了功利主义，但却走了截然不同的路。可判断出下文最可能继续介绍Mill以及他的主要思想。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题He （ ）his version of the American dream, that if you work hard you can succeed, no matter who you are.问题1选项A.hit on repeatingB.hi
42、t repeatedly onC.hit against repetitivelyD.hit repeatedly against【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。hit on “突然想到”；hit against “撞击”。句意：他突然想到了他对美国梦的描述，也就是不管你是谁，只要你努力，你就能成功。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题A family squabble for one of Ashs greatest fortunes （ ）yesterday as lawmakers and relatives of Stanley Ho, the Macao casino tycoon, argue
43、d over the validity of a controversial share transfer.问题1选项A.burst openB.burst out openC.burst into openD.burst into the open【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配burst into “突然进入”，选项A和B可排除，into后接一个名词，the open作名词形式。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题A painstaking process of reinventing led to new core courses designed to help students de
44、velop global awareness and strengthen their analytical and reasoning abilities, critical reading skills, and writing （ ）.问题1选项A.professionB.performanceC.proficiencyD.progress【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。profession “职业，专业”；performance “性能，绩效”；proficiency “精通，熟练”；progress “进步，发展”。句意：一个艰苦的改造过程带来了新的核心课程，旨在帮助学生发展全球意识
45、提升他们的分析和推理能力，提高批判性阅读和写作的熟练程度。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题For its first London tour, Moscows Sovrenmennik theater company （ ） off with the play it was first allowed to stage after censorship was eased in the country.问题1选项A.turnedB.kickedC.madeD.switched【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。turn off “关闭”；kick off “开始干某事”；made off “逃走”；sw
46、itch off “关掉”。句意：在审查制度放松后，第一次伦敦巡演，莫斯科苏维瑞门尼克剧院第一次开始被允许在舞台上表演。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题With the expansion of the company, the manager has so much work to do that a holiday for him this year is （ ）.问题1选项A.out of questionB.out of the questionC.beyond all questionD.past question【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。out of question“毫无疑问”；
47、out of the question“不可能”；beyond all question“毫无疑问”；past question“无可争辩”。句意：随着公司的扩张，经理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期对他来说是不可能的。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Budget forecasts are the ultimate lesson in taking things （ ）in hindsight, most forecasts look worse than random guesses.问题1选项A.with a stroke of the penB.with a whip of scorpionsC.with a grain of saltD.with all due submission【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。with a stroke of the pen “一笔一划”；with a whip of scorpions “用残
