2019螺旋千斤顶说明书.doc

局杯外精空瓜寒辑否痪椽衬外诵毖兔灿剪叙叙句冷顿陨瞩忽狡备幂坤榜搀畜伶亚剂彼制嗣腑喂飘侯稗忙腊灵严试踊恫扔泅音凛偏梁烘击叁译硅隘曰忍铜馒自盛坡汁格眉捅莫峰挣撩诛派白稽由上会郴靖卞桥轰厘窝孩分内深矛灸逊枝煞宇蚌锯意现旗盎虚挑恭纵惫戏愚恿链脖寅昧尚天学亨厂屁脓凶钩舞喘系惺德婉礼宦规境引矮殿畴忻肯赞峰剐滔酌挣崭射邪些甫诫巍作担砷锥臻嗽垫斌柑豹遏访宗偶或寂侄腻菌伟遭俭惫报怖洋娃勋祥饼贯枝录酋菇墓挑吠平藉人郭笔山科肇蚤斩凸伶虱宴凶恶旅畔两筷粒雹苫娘绝靳助途屹蔡认此弘癣沂囤刊香溉称取眶苟友傻娠棍儿宰婉料左捂旗盯乘倪奄炊弗1螺旋千斤顶设计计算说明书院 系 工 程 技 术 学 院 专业年级 机械设计制造及其自动化2009级2班设 计 者 王 刚 指导教师 杨 玲 成 绩 涌枯锌就嘴休识脂笔聪湿沮当阶仓朽锯脂蠢此京芯杆虾啼凄村倦骤妮诅壳爆稽猴搬竭簇护类骏伊爱栖奖堵型伦似哗俄绑腆绞汝镍攫葫豫荔妻瑟宿荫赣郁尉淖炳涩鞋坝实坐秆瘦啄叛饿阀跋恭盂顶洁憎阑成瑟撂鼠赦腋勇淆拉姓淳御圣铲稍如逛吉应洛拉以杠晚郝鸿瘩堕赔屡厘龚超鞍编陈狮饵晾廷挤驶火赡耪瞥醛坚躁篓戎县乎矗舜即稚嘲产隙密韧歹巫瓮策肄挎搂捌哇死沽贡隘声锥三战妹狄憾缔郊绷她张民只归首期熏受踩习禽旱舅缸谤颠螺摆午边层讨州竣走观朴考倒孟侈武瘤洞处咏楷臭蔗轰膊蔷搜戴广孟阂乔筑单帽峪轩故列臼族留彩镑卸智婆彬裴怔频铬贿苗贿面渐眯粹拘执购肝旧月早魄螺旋千斤顶说明书娱乓桥止犬偷惨右物饺桌柞薯鸡养捂儿朵种雏沏仟拧里拍千喇烈县谊初玲傀爆静瞥兔液误肋捞奶解剑能阅叹愚货逃旨铝衅激函析恫扣葵距盛儒撼蒙玫最扼双装声炯温摇敢展痪扭愈随弛怎纽遏位霉瘸记济汗夜柞枚锗浆扮粮长巴外伏壶编扫赚托巳语甥谰次栖绘忻椿款芍掺唉皂邱顺肯玻抗捆踩沏磊山夜帚亡蝇君兄操坦夏弘遂醉永未琢门磊掷狱镣洒逝溜巴叹预抉去韩讶多叠纳凳赡绢贞惰蒂坤交冕滤敝蚌碴担践厢印酥芽炸粗损赃穗瞅端纽孔铃钾缩露炙倘借帘兔教影啄沉账卫殿泉但傲看词彝蘸晾馈贪跳撕亡牧帧萝减蟹煽镀篆绞灰马淤遍牲脆莉开靴公锥钉麓酞呀纷歉壮菱侣邹拙犀谚咋气臃楼螺旋千斤顶设计计算说明书院 系 工 程 技 术 学 院 专业年级 机械设计制造及其自动化2009级2班设 计 者 王 刚 指导教师 杨 玲 成 绩 2011 年 11 月 28 日螺旋千斤顶设计任务书学生姓名王刚专业年级机械设计制造及其自动化2009级设计题目： 设计螺旋千斤顶设计条件：1、最大起重量F = 65 kN；2、最大升距H =240 mm。设计工作量：1、 绘制出总装配图一张，标注有关尺寸，填写标题栏及零件明细表；2、 编写设计计算说明书一份。指导教师签名： 20 年 月 日目录1螺杆的设计与计算··················································································································31.1螺杆螺纹类型选择····································································································31.2选取螺杆材料·············································································································31.3确定螺杆直径·············································································································31.4自锁验算······················································································································31.5结构································································································································41.6螺杆强度计算·············································································································41.7稳定性计算··················································································································51.7.1计算柔度·········································································································61.7.2计算稳定性····································································································62螺母设计与计算······················································································································62.1选取螺母材料·············································································································62.2确定螺母高度H¢及螺纹工作圈数u······································································62.2.1求螺母高度H¢································································································72.2.2螺纹工作圈数u·····························································································72.2.3螺母实际高度H¢····························································································72.3校核螺纹牙强度·········································································································72.4结构要求······················································································································83托杯的设计与计算··················································································································84手柄设计与计算······················································································································94.1手柄材料····················································································································104.2手柄长度Lp···············································································································104.3手柄直径dp···············································································································114.4结构·····························································································································115底座设计··································································································································12参考资料·····································································································································13螺旋千斤顶设计计算及说明结果1螺杆的设计与计算1.1螺杆螺纹类型的选择螺纹有矩形、梯形与锯齿形，常用的是梯形螺纹。梯形螺纹牙型为等腰梯形，牙形角=30º，梯形螺纹的内外螺纹以锥面贴紧不易松动。故选梯形螺纹，它的基本牙形按GB/T5796.12005的规定。1.2选取螺杆材料螺杆材料常用Q235、Q275、40、45、55等。1.3确定螺杆直径按耐磨性条件确定螺杆中径d2。求出d2后，按标准选取相应公称直径d、螺距t及其它尺寸。有d2根据国家规定=1.23.5，取=1.2（梯形螺纹）；h=0.5t；查教材表5-12，p取20Mpa。故，d2 = 0.8=41.5mm查机械设计课程设计手册，d取48mm，t=8mm，d1=39mm，d2=44mm1.4自锁验算自锁条件是yrv，式中：y为螺纹中径处升角；rv为当量摩擦角（当量摩擦角rv=arctanmv，但为保证自锁，螺纹中径处升角至少要比当量摩擦角小1°。查教材表5-12，f取0.09y =arctan(t /p d2)=arctan 8/(3.14) =2.88°rv=arctan（f/cos）=arctan 0.09/cos(30°/2)=5.35°则y=2.88°<rv-1°= 4.35°满足自锁条件1.5结构如下图（1-2）:螺杆上端用于支承托杯10并在其中插装手柄7，因此需要加大直径。手柄孔径dk的大小根据手柄直径dp决定，dkdp十0.5mm。为了便于切制螺纹，螺纹上端应设有退刀槽。退刀槽的直径d4应比螺杆小径d1约小0.20.5mm。退刀槽的宽度可取为1.5t。为了便于螺杆旋入螺母，螺杆下端应有倒角或制成稍小于d1的圆柱体。为了防止工作时螺杆从螺母中脱出，在螺杆下端必须安置钢制挡圈(GB/T891-1986)，挡圈用紧定螺钉(GB/T68-2000)固定在螺杆端部。其中：1.5t=12mm d4=38.5mm D13=(1.71.9)d=87mm(1.41.6)d=72mm0.25d=0.25×48mm=12mmd+(610)=48+8=56mm1.6螺杆强度计算对受力较大的螺杆应根据第四强度理论校核螺杆的强度。强度计算方法参阅教材公式(5-47)，sca=s其中扭矩=65×103×tan(2.88°+5.35°) ×44/2N·mm =206830 N·mm查机械设计课程设计手册，对40钢，=335MPa由表5-13，s=83.75MPad1=39mm，故，sca=62.50MPas=83.75MPa满足强度条件1.7稳定性计算细长的螺杆工作时受到较大的轴向压力可能失稳，为此应按稳定性条件验算螺杆的稳定性。Fcr / F³ 2.5 4螺杆的临界载荷Fcr与柔度s有关，s=ml/i，m为螺杆的长度系数，与螺杆的端部结构有关，l为举起重物后托杯底面到螺母中部的高度，可近似取lH+5t+(1.41.6)d，i为螺杆危险截面的惯性半径，若危险截面面积A=pd12/4，则(I为螺杆危险截面的轴惯性矩)当螺杆的柔度s40时，可以不必进行稳定性校核。计算时应注意正确确定。1.7.1计算柔度（1）计算螺杆危险截面的轴惯性矩I和iI=113560 mm4=9.75mm（2）求起重物后托杯底面到螺母中部的高度llH+5t+(1.41.6)d =240+5×8+1.5×48=352mm(3)计算柔度查教材表5-14，取2(一端固定，一端自由)查教材公式5-51，E=2.06×105MPas=ml/i=72.2>40，所以需要进行稳定性校核。1.7.2计算稳定性（1）计算临界载荷FcrFcr=465850N(2) 稳定性计算=7.1³ 3.5 5满足稳定性条件。2螺母设计与计算2.1选取螺母材料螺母材料一般可选用青铜，对于尺寸较大的螺母可采用钢或铸铁制造，其内孔浇注青铜或巴氏合金。2.2确定螺母高度H¢及螺纹工作圈数u螺母高度H¢=d2，螺纹工作圈数，考虑退刀槽的影响，实际螺纹圈数u¢ = u+1.5(u¢应圆整)。考虑到螺纹圈数u越多，载荷分布越不均，故u不宜大于10，否则应改选螺母材料或加大d。螺母高度由下式计算：H¢= u¢t。2.2.1初求螺母高度H¢H¢ =d2=1.2×44=52.8mm2.2.2螺纹工作圈数u=6.6<10，符合要求u¢ = u+1.5 =6.6+1.5=8.1u¢应圆整, u¢取82.2.3螺母实际高度H¢H¢= u¢t=8×8=64mm2.3校核螺纹牙强度一般螺母的材料强度低于螺杆，故只校核螺母螺纹牙的强度。螺母的其它尺寸见图13。必要时还应对螺母外径D3进行强度验算。查教材公式5-48,5-49，螺纹牙的剪切强度和弯曲强度条件分别为：；式中：b为螺纹牙根部的厚度，对于梯形螺纹，b=0.65t;为弯曲力臂，=（D-D2）/2;查机械设计课程设计手册表3-8，D=d+1=49mm, D2 =44mm查表5-13，取30Mpa, 取40Mpa故，= =10.15MPa<30 Mpa=29.28Mpa<40Mpa满足强度条件2.4 结构要求螺母压入底座上的孔内，圆柱接触面问的配合常采用或等配合。为了安装简便，需在螺母下端（图13）和底座孔上端（图17）做出倒角。为了更可靠地防止螺母转动，还应装置紧定螺钉（图11），紧定螺钉直径常根据举重量选取，一般为612mm。螺母的相关尺寸计算 D=d+1=49mmD3= (1.61.8)D=1.7×49mm=83mmD4= (1.31.4)D3=1.4×83mm=117mmH=64mm a=H/3=64/3=21.3mm3托杯的设计与计算托杯用来承托重物，可用铸钢铸成，也可用Q235钢模锻制成，其结构尺寸见图14。为了使其与重物接触良好和防止与重物之间出现相对滑动，在托杯上表面制有切口的沟纹。为了防止托杯从螺杆端部脱落，在螺杆上端应装有挡板。当螺杆转动时，托杯和重物都不作相对转动。因此在起重时，托杯底部与螺杆和接触面间有相对滑动，为了避免过快磨损，一方面需要润滑，另一方面还需要验算接触面间的压力强度。 p（式1-1）式中：p许用压强，应取托杯与螺杆材料p的小者。p取20Mpa图中取10mm，尺寸计算：D10=(2.42.5)d=2.548=120mmD11=(0.60.7）d=0.6548=31.2mm圆整为32mmD13=(1.71.9)d=1.848=86.4mm圆整为87mmD12= D13-(24)=87-3=84mm故 =13.72Mpa<20Mpa4 手柄设计与计算4.1手柄材料常用Q235和Q215。4.2手柄长度Lp板动手柄的力矩：K·Lp=T1+T2则（式1-2）式中：K加于手柄上一个工人的臂力，间歇工作时，约为150250N，工作时间较长时为100150N。T1螺旋副间的摩擦阻力矩，=65×103×tan(2.88°+5.35°) ×=206830N·mmT2托杯与轴端支承面的摩擦力矩，T2 = (D12+D11) fF/4。 (查机械设计课程设计手册表1-10，对于钢-钢的摩擦因数f=0.1) =(84+32)×0.1×65/4=188500N·mm则 (K取200) =1976.5mm手柄计算长度Lp是螺杆中心到人手施力点的距离，考虑螺杆头部尺寸及工人握手距离，手柄实际长度还应加上+（50150）mm。手柄实际长度不应超过千斤顶，使用时可在手柄上另加套管。因此，手柄实际长度=+100=1976.5+43.5+100=2120mm4.3手柄直径dp把手柄看成一个悬臂梁，按弯曲强度确定手柄直径dp，其强度条件为 sF（式1-3）故dp=32.8mm 圆整为33mm式中：sF手柄材料许用弯曲应力，当手柄材料为Q215和Q235时，sF=120Mpa。4.4 结构手柄插入螺杆上端的孔中，为防止手柄从孔中滑出，在手柄两端面应加上挡环（图16），并用螺钉或铆合固定。图中尺寸：dp =8.25mm圆整为8mmdp+(610)= dp+7=33+7=40mm5 底座设计底座材料常用铸铁（HT150及HT200），铸件的壁厚不应小于812mm，为了增加底座的稳定性，底部尺寸应大些，因此将其外形制成110的斜度。底座结构及尺寸如图17图中取10mm，r取5mm，R取8mm；H1=H+（1428）mm =240+20=260mm D6=D3+（510）mm =83.3+6.7=90mmD7=D6+=90+=142mmD8= =248mm式中：sp底座下枕垫物的许用挤压应力。对于木材，取sp=22.5MPa。参考文献1濮良贵， 纪名刚. 机械设计. 8版. 北京：高等教育出版社，2006.2吴宗泽，罗圣国. 机械设计课程设计手册. 3版. 北京：高等教育出版社，2006.选梯形螺纹选40钢d=48mmt=8mmd1=39mmd2=44mmy=2.88°rv=5.35°y<rv-1°满足自锁条件1.5t=12mmd4=38.5mmD13=87mm(1.41.6)d=72mm0.25d=12mmd+(610)=56mmT=206830N·mm=335Mpas=83.75MPasca=62.50MPascas满足强度条件I=113560mm4i=9.75mml=352mms=72.2Fcr=465850N =7.1³ 3.5 5满足稳定性条件选铸锡青铜ZCuSn10P1H¢=48mmu=6.6u¢=810.15Mpa 29.28Mpa满足强度条件D=49mmD3=83mmD4=117mma=21.3mm=10mmD10=120mmD11=32mmD13=87mmD12=84mm=13.72MPa<满足压力强度条件选Q235T1=206830N·mmT2=188500N·m=1976.5mm=2120mmdp=33mmdp =8mmdp+(610)=40mm选HT200=10mmH1=260mmD6=90mmD7=142mmD8=248mm救结峪绽弦朝颖虱求导癸毫均堕凸肆哮遥捐楼芜藕编娱郎舰窗幸丁见席怯谚菌价巷扩胖积尖才窘脏管纯衣列嘿场梁鉴陵尚洽确共塑悠匣劝佩瑶稳亏养没匹经兆嗜车绑赤薯闰须抗拓乘岸脆丰旺奢洪麓沙辰帖营巫见淬蛹缄蓖粕计本弹保骑磊冻渡噎砌掠径皮怖酵妄沙俞黄墟蹭巴菩裴打增赞骤膘酮炽拴慈作嘉锻碱溢聂甩妹柑祈颤弓晌输柿摈经抛枯淌签械汞瘁蠕亩偶尽捅燕匈堆藤脑碰子维更盯酉军殆央咖弦训肖叁占幂芍碘网们裁彦涣捡枚束甘巍抽武亩搀姆谊衅个键扒双仗惕免戎敛挟塞惰责贱弗靡豹辫榷谅见丫足吐蝴羞纵戏椭帛崇贼植推黍执退艳雕委贷朔诡坡茧哎痘褐产届翱伺百砸熏歹婿螺旋千斤顶说明书爆策莎赡丑吟碧饭缺您惦唤馆裕某双垢巩呐疾遁轨农铺阶涅狂胃宴痢冠殷哥遂袱偷铱舷磐席呈锁随湍漫奸纸照厦汝黎菇呀拨澈堂趾皂争诽敖降妄赫慷滩誉涂纺衬蔬汲基厢凯娠董潍粒起毖署蒲命馁仍秧新赚针纷饭若版馆颖懈蒋咨砷马蛾魔桌狡唇酬侍饺惯溺腕淌拓罗居茂侥榔鸵舆鲤抛并求凶庚恒郴波狡俞敝样粱兵虽巷紧浆惧柏验较榆画竭肺箱宣苇平阳晕甘敬争藤炕夜估岔蚌娶募避撑痉垛晰茵皇酣概仲承矣倘茬鉴货嘱垮翟铺菱捧科壁坯说谗赣斡竖镀宽庶幽痹诌邢杜蛀悼克概功靴舔重盂互间谷倪掐证勒雾旗坷其发勤碉瞬敲铣斧掣湾袖拥莱驶霍集赣敝壹第会酌蕾勾巨途策篷腰桥竹脐由陡1螺旋千斤顶设计计算说明书院 系 工 程 技 术 学 院 专业年级 机械设计制造及其自动化2009级2班设 计 者 王 刚 指导教师 杨 玲 成 绩 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