句子翻译三省略.ppt

翻译技巧与实践之八,省略,省略（Omission）,省略的内容： 目标语中显得累赘、罗嗦甚至可有可无的词语。如只具备语法功能的一些虚词：冠词、连词、介词和部分代词。 省略法又叫减词法 省略的原则： 不破坏或删改原意,省略的类型,代词的省略 连词的省略 冠词的省略 介词的省略 修辞性省略,代词的省略,省略人称代词,例1 We assure you of our prompt attention to this matter.,我方（向你方）保证（我方）立即处理此事。,例2 When the students finished all the books they had brought, they opened their lunch and ate it.,学生们看完了(他们）随身带的书，就打开（他们的）饭盒吃起来。,代词的省略,省略非人称代词和不定代词,例1 Be a place what it may, one gets to like it, if one lives long in it.,无论（它）是什么样的地方， （一个人）只要住久了，（这个人）总会喜欢上（这个地方）的。,例3 It is better to do well than to say well.,（）说得好不如做得好。,例2 Its your pen. I found it on the playground.,这是你的刚笔，我在操场上找到（它）的。,代词的省略,省略关系代词,例1 Few people do business well who do nothing else.,（）除了生意什么事也不做的人是做不好生意的。,例2 This is the very hospital that I was born in.,这正是我出生的医院。,连词的省略,省略并列连词,例1 The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.,阳光灿烂，（和）晴空万里。,例2 The watch costs me one hundred and fifty dollars.,这块表花掉我150元。,例3 His father is a man who forgives and forgets.,他父亲是个非常宽容的人。,连词的省略,省略从属连词,例1 If you dont go there tomorrow, theyll get angry.,（如果）你明天不去，他们会生气的。,例2 He declined to amplify on the Presidents statement since he had not read the text.,（因为）他没有看到总统讲话的文稿，（他）不愿加以发挥。,冠词的省略,省略定冠词 省略不定冠词 泛指和单数意义，往往无需保留,the Peoples Republic of China, the United States, the United Kingdom of Great Britain,例 Milk is sold by the pound.,牛奶是按（）磅出售的.,例 A square has four sides.,正方形有四条边。,介词的省略,时间或地点状语 省略：置于汉语句首；变成动词宾语,方位词,例2 One hundred thousand citizens in Hiroshima of Japan were killed by the first atomic bomb in the world.,例1 In September 1939, the Second World War broke out.,（在）1939年9月，第二次世界大战爆发。,（在）日本广岛有10万市民被人类第一颗原子弹夺去生命。,例3 Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes.,各种流言蜚语早就传遍了（）大街小巷。,修辞性省略,对象： 依据： 目的：,例 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.,报考大学的人，有工作经验者（比没有工作经验的人）优先录取。,任何词语,上下文、逻辑关系、汉语表达习惯,避免译文语句罗嗦、行文不畅,并列句的合译 例1 The documents involved in counter-purchase agreements are far more complicated than normal commercial deal, where money changed hands and that is that. 回购协议所涉及的文件比任何正常商业交易要复杂得多，后者只是钱一转手就完事了。 例2 Her dress was grey and plain, but it fitted her body nicely。 她一身素装简单而合身。,定语从句的合译,限定性或修饰性很强的定语从句,偏正词组,例1 They reviewed the international situation in which important changes and great upheavals are taking place and expounded their respective positions and attitudes.,双方回顾了正在发生重大变化和巨大动荡的国际形势，并阐明了各自的立场与态度。,例2 A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school. 附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童，上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。,非限定性定语从句 缩成词组、短语 变成句子的主要成分,例 Afterwords, they quarreled, which was a pity, and caused much friction. 可惜，后来双方发生龃龉，并引起许多磨擦。,例 It was a hope which reflected the conviction expressed some years earlier by the then British Prime Minister. 这个希望反映了若干年前当时在人的英国首相表达过的信念。,其他从句的合译,名词性从句 状语从句,例1 That he will come to the discussion is certain. 他肯定会来参加讨论的。,例2 Its a lucky thing it happened that way. 幸好事情是这么个结局。,例 When the war broke out, he left his hometown to join the army. 他在战争爆发那年离开故乡参军去了。,Assignments,1、This is the scientist who just returned from the North Pole. 2、 He expressed the hope that he could visit our city again. 3、They had ground him beneath their heels；they had taken the best of him；they had murdered his father；they had broken and wrecked his wife；they had crushed his whole family 4、People are the same everywhere. They are born. They are babies. They are children. They are adults. They grow old. They die.（将红色部分译成简单句）,Assignments,5、She felt the flowers were in her fingers， on her lips，growing in her breast 6、Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. 7、One function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.,Answers to the Assignments,1、This is the scientist who just returned from the North Pole. 这是刚从北极归来的科学家。 2、 He expressed the hope that he could visit our city again. 他希望他能再次访问我们城市。 3、They had ground him beneath their heels；they had taken the best of him；they had murdered his father；they had broken and wrecked his wife；they had crushed his whole family 他们把他踩在脚下压得粉碎，榨干了他的精髓，害死了他的父亲，摧残了他的妻子，毁了他的全家。 （除第一个“they“外，其它的“they“都省略不译）,4、People are the same everywhere. They are born. They are babies. They are children. They are adults. They grow old. They die.（将红色部分译成简单句） 各地的人都是一样的。人们生下来都要经历从婴儿、儿童、成年人直到衰老死亡的各个人生阶段。 5、She felt the flowers were in her fingers， on her lips，growing in her breast 她觉得手里、唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花儿。（三个“her”都省略不译）,6、Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. 双方均不得无故解除合同。（如果译成“.没有原因和理由”的话，就不够精炼。） 7、One function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象，并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。,