非谓语动词Non-predicateVerbs.ppt

非谓语动词 （Non-predicate Verbs）,一、明确谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式的区别 二、明确谓语动词的否定与谓语语动词否定的 区别 三、明确句子谓语的主语与非谓语逻辑主语的 区别 四、初步掌握分析非谓语动词的方法,一、 明确谓语动词和 非谓语动词的形式的区别,（一）阅读下列句子，注意划线部分的谓语动词的构成（时态、语态和语气）,I have written him two letters so far. 2. The building will be finished next month. 3. Listen carefully. 4. You should have cleaned the room.,谓语动词的形式（以take为例）主动语态,被动语态,归纳总结,谓语动词是有正确的时态、语态和语气的动词形式：除了一般现在时和过去时以外，都包含一个系动词或助动词或情态动词。,（二）阅读下列句子注意划线部分 非谓语动词的构成,不定式 1.The last one to arrive pays the meal. 2.He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 3.She is said to have just completed a novel. 4.The experiment was said to have been done twice. 5.The meeting to be held next week is very important.,过去分词 The meeting held last week is very important. I found them seated at the back.,现在分词 1. Dont sit there, doing nothing. 2.Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. 10.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent having been launched at the end of last March. 3.The meeting being held now is very important.,非谓动词形式,归纳总结:不定式前面都有一个小品词to; 现在分词是 动词后加ing构成；规则过去分词是动词后加ed。,The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.2007 重庆卷 A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished,二、 明确谓语动词的否定 与谓语语动词否定的区别,阅读下列句子，区别谓语和非谓语的否定,归纳总结：,谓语动词的否定借助于助动词+not来实现,非谓语的否定借助于not来实现,Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend? 2007 全国卷I A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit,三、 明确句子谓语的主语 与非谓语逻辑主语的区别,阅读下列句子，谓语的主语与非谓语逻辑主语,归纳总结：,谓语动词的主语是用名词、代词、不定式、动名词还有从句担任,一般放在谓语动词前面.,非谓语动词的逻辑主语是由句子的成分兼任的（作状语由主语、作宾补由宾语、作定语由修饰的中心词、作表语由主语兼任）;（个别不定式使用for sb或of sb 和动名词是用形容词性的物主代词做宾语是可以用宾格来代替）,四、 初步掌握分析非谓语动词的问题方法,一个中心，两个基本点,（一）五个基本句型,观察下面五个句子（五个基本句型），判断一下他们都有哪些共同的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语）,1. He lives in Beijing. 2. He wrote a novel. 3. A taxi wasnt necessary at all. 4. I have written me two letters so far. 5. I found him lying on the grass.,主语,谓语,状语,时态,语态,语气,过去,现在,将来,一 般 过 去,过 去 进 行,过 去 将 来,过 去 完 成,过 去 完 成 进 行,一 般 现 在,现 在 进 行,现 在 完 成,现 在 完 成 进 行,一 般 将 来,将 来 进 行,将 来 完 成,主 动 语 态,被动 语态,陈 述 语 气,祈 使 语 气,虚 拟 语 气,谓语,系动词,不及物动词,及物动词,主系表,主谓结构,单 宾 语,双 宾 语,复 合 宾 语,主谓宾,主谓宾宾,主谓宾宾补,归纳总结：一个句子里有一个主语和一个谓语。,狭义上讲：一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语动词。,（二）一个中心，两个基本点,1、他躺在那里。,He lay there.,2、他躺在那里望着天空。,A.有连词:,B.没有连词:,He lay there and looked into the sky.,He lay there, looking into the sky.,阅读下列句子，观察: 非谓语动词语逻辑主语的关系（主动还是被动）； 与谓语动词时间的关系（之前、同时还是之后发生）,1.He lay there, looking into the sky. 2.Driven by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. 3. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents. 4.Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. 5. She is said to have just completed a novel.,总结: 非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系： 表示主动用V-ing、 表示被动用V-ed； 与谓语动词时间的关系： 同时发生用:v-ing的一般形式、 发生在之前用:完成形式； 发生在之后用:不定式的一般形式。,一个中心；两个基本点： 一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语，这是构成句子的核心；出现第二个动词时，如果有连词那就是并列谓语，如果没有连词就使用非谓语。使用非谓语时要明确两种关系：一是与逻辑主语的关系，与逻辑主语是被动关系使用过去分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系使用现在分词；第二种关系是非谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词的关系：与谓语动词同时发生使用现在分词的一般形式（doing）、先于谓语发生使用现在分词的完成形式(having done)有时也用(to have done)、后于谓语发生使用不定式的一般形式(to do).,Don't sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (06湖北34) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing,I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily. （10北京卷25）. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised,There were many talented actors out there just waiting . (江西卷32) A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered _ many times, he finally understood it. （四川卷10） A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told , you need to give all you have and try your best. （辽宁卷27) A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner,阅读下列句子辨析分词不定式的被动语态 与过去分词的区别：,The meeting being held now is very important. The meeting to be held next week is very important. The meeting held last week is very important.,归纳总结：现在分词的被动语态表示动作正在进 行、不定式表示将来发生而过去分词 表示已经发生。,We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday. （10山东卷22） A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding,（三）独立主格结构,1. It rained. 2. I stayed at home.,A、有连词 1、并列句 It rained so /and I stayed at home. 并列连词：and, or, but, so, for, when, while, neither nor, either or, not but, not only but also,2、复合句 Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.,（三）独立主格结构,1. It rained. 2. I stayed at home.,B、没连词 It raining, I stayed at home.,1. It rained. 2. I stayed at home.,（三）独立主格结构,With the problems settled, the boss felt relaxed. With a lot of dishes to wash, I can not go with you. With a lot of dishes to be washed, the kitchen is out of order.,归纳总结： 两个句子分别要有自己的主语和谓语， 如果用并列连词连接就形成并列句； 用从属连词连接就构成复合句。 但是两部分放在一起，没有连词连接那就是一个句子，就一个主语和谓语，另一部分就是名词+非谓语。,The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. 2007 山东卷 Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched,（四）连词+分词,When walking along the street yesterday, I met Mr. Wang. I wont go there, unless invited.,Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(10湖南卷21） A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired,1. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. 2007 重庆卷 A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away_ into the woods. (04上海春季） A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 3. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. （09湖南卷30） A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete,4. _that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. （09浙江卷10 ） A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized,5. at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. (10北京卷21) A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 6. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _from the library. (10全国I 27) A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 7. Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. （10湖南卷26） A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle 8. There were many talented actors out there just waiting . (10江西卷32) A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered,9. Though _to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. (10全国II) A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised 10. In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees,