第五课.ppt

Unit Five,Speech on Hitlers Invasion of the U. S. S. R.,Teaching Objectives of Lesson 5,To acquaint students with the historical background of WWII. To help students to appreciate speech writing To enable students to appreciate the rhetorical devices in the text.,Basic knowledge of public speeches,1) Four types of public speeches (1) Informative speech （传递信息型） -to convey information, to teach audience how to do something. -techniques: discussion/explanation/description/illustration -styles: clarity, simplicity (2) Persuasive speech ( 劝说型) -to influence or change audiences feelings and beliefs, to exhort them to take action. -techniques: intellectual, logical, emotional appeal, used by lawyer, candidate for office, whoever argues for or against a proposal, an opinion, or a new theory. -based on facts, statistics, logical reasoning (3)Entertaining speech (娱乐型) -to interest, entertain, amuse audience rather than arouse serious response -on festive occasions: party, dinner, stories, humorous remarks (4) Stimulating speech （激励型） -to stimulate, to impress (grouped under persuasive speech) -to reinforce the beliefs or attitudes of the audience, appealing to emotion rather than logic or information. Memorial services, inauguration ceremonies, anniversaries, solemn celebrations),2) Manners of delivery,(1) reading from a manuscript (2) reciting from memory (3) speaking impromptu （即兴演讲） (4) speaking extemporaneously （根据提纲演讲） 3) Components of public speaking (1) Introductionto make known the topic and the purpose of a speech. It usually has a few sentences of introductory materials, telling the audience what the speaker is going to talk about. It also intends to arouse the audiences interest, attention/ or giving background (2) Bodyto support and develop the topic; to fulfill the purpose stated in the introduction by presenting reasons, examples and other supporting materials; usu. Subsections, with topic sentence each. (3) Conclusionsummary of the theme. 4) Common figures of speech used in a political speech parallel and balanced structures; repetition ; antithesis for force ,vividness and emotional appeal. The object of a political speech is to explain, convince and persuade the people that what he is saying and planning to do best represents their interests so they should support him.,What do you know about Churchill?,Statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, opposite the Palace of Westminster in central London.,Part 1The background of the broadcast,Names and terms Sir Winston Spencer ChurchillPrime Minister 首相 First Lord of the Treasury 财政大臣 Minister of Defense 国防大臣 Leader of the Opposition 反对党领袖 General DillBritish field marshal, 陆军元帅 Chief of the Imperial General Staff 总参谋长 Robert Anthony Eden Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣 Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs 自治领大臣 Secretary of State for War 战争事务大臣 leader of the House of Commons 下议院 (the House of Lords) 上议院 (Cabinet-important parliamentarians) 内阁 (Cabinet ministers are appointed by the Sovereign) Lord BeaverbrookMinister of Aircraft Production, of Supplies 飞机生产大臣和供应大臣 Sir Stafford CrippsBritish Ambassador to Moscow 英国驻莫斯科大使 Edward BridgesSecretary of the Cabinet (内阁大臣),British Empiresthe United Kingdom plus her colonies and protectorates Chequers : the official country seat of the prime minister of Great Britain, 35 miles of NW of London Dominion a self-governing member of the British Commonwealth of Nations, before 1939, they referred to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc., the word dominion was no longer used after 1947. Commonwealth of Nations : a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and her former colonies but now independent nations. Even though Britain granted its colonial territories independence , it continued to feel close and connected to each other as they shared similar histories, laws, economic concerns and cultural experiences. The commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth : many of these are developing countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the South Pacific; others are advanced industrial nations like Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to holding conferences and meetings, the Commonwealth provides educational and teaching help. Two-thirds of British development aid goes to Commonwealth countries.,General questions on Part I,1. Where was the text taken from? From Churchills works The Second World War,) 2. When and how did the Germans attack the Soviet Union? Sunday, Jun 22. on an enormous front by air. (as it did to Poland) 3. Why were the Soviet Union troops surprised? In March 193, Britain and France started talks with the Soviet Union on possible cooperation against Fascist Germany In order to protect itself, the Soviet Union signed the Non-aggression Pact with Hitlers Germany on August 23. then Soviet Union had a war with Finland.,Focus on words and expressions,Para 1: General Dill, who had hastened down from London had surprised a large portion ofgrounded on the airfields they will be rounded up in hordes Para 4: Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country Winant said the same would be true of the U.S.A Para 5: he reverted to this theme I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon (note 10) If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. Para 6: by a telephone message from the F.O. to the effect that ,Down go up to the north, go down to the south go up to London, go down from London, to the beach, town, 北上抗日, 南下干部, 上山下乡, 下基层, 上访, 走上层路线 Count onrely on He was counting on my support, but I disappointed him. My plan of going abroad counts on my having high marks on TOFLE test. She is a person who can be counted on in times of troubles. enlist (vi) -join the army Many men enlisted for the defense of their country. He enlisted when he was eighteen. (vt)-to enroll sb in the army (vt), to take sb. in an activity. They are not enlisting men over 35. The mayor tried to enlist every citizen in the clean-up campaign. (vt)-to win support and help from we need to enlist the sympathy and help from more rich people so that they can donate more. Many people lost their homes in the flood. We are trying to enlist more help in collecting money for them.,The Right Wing: the more conservative or reactionary section of a political party,etc. 左倾, 极左份子, 这人太左了点; 右倾, The same is true of true as regards; true concerning 德语的语法很复杂,俄语也一样。 German grammar is very complicated. The same is true of Russia. 上海的交通安全很拥挤,特别是在高峰期.全世界的大城市都一样。 Traffic in Shanghai is quite heavy, especially in the rush hour. The same is true of the big cities all over the world. to that effect with the general meaning 大意为 She said she hated French, or words to that effect. If you think that the matter should be more fully discussed, I will send him a letter to that effect. She called him a coward or words to that effect. A rumor was spread around to the effect that the firm was in financial difficulties. He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning,Textual structure of the Speech,Section 1 (1-2) : Justification of standing by Russia (exposing German cruelty and praising Russian heroism) Section 2 (3-4) : Declaration of the English policy and position (determination) Section 3 (5-6) : Calling for a united front (exposing Hitlers purpose and explaining the necessity of forming a united front against Nazi Germany),Section 1 (1-2) Justification of standing by Russia,Analyze the logical arrangement of the section: The bravery of the Soviets win our sympathy and our support. The ferocity and atrocity of the Nazi cause our hatred.,I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields where their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives pray for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries. I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. (Behind all this glare, behind all this storm) I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind.,Analyze the seven I see,The former three I sees create a happy, harmonious, idyllic, tender picture Men for strong, manly protection.: Mothers and wives for tenderness, love and warmth Maidens (girls) laugh the most joyful sound of the world Children play stands for innocent, naïve world Churchill has picked out the most representative figures Churchill used many literary words to make his speech sound serious and elegant, formal from time immemorial (extending back beyond record or memory) means of existence wrung (get by force, persistence) so hardly from the soil, primordial ( fundamental, original) human joys Why did Churchill put the seventh I see in another paragraph? to emphasize to show that the real criminals are a few men who plan and organize the war What figures of speech have been used in these I sees? parallelism, alliteration, simile, metaphor, onomatopoeia, irony,The latter four I sees portray a disgusting image of the Nazi,Subjects Behavior Nazi war machine in hideous onslaught clanking, heel-clicking, dandified officers cowing and tying down of crafty expert agents a dozen countries dull, drilled, docile brutish masses of plodding on like a swarm of the Hun soldiery crawling locusts bombers and fighters smarting from many a British whipping , delighted to find an easier and safer prey villainous men plan, organize, launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind,Words and expressions,devoid of :completely without; empty of 完全没有 The house is totally devoid of furniture. He is completely devoid of humor. The judge was devoid of sympathy when I presented my case.,appetite: very strong desire The long walk before meals always gives you a good appetite. She ate slowly, without appetite. Dont eat anything that will spoil your appetite for dinner. He has an enormous appetite for classical music. The company has a big appetite for the market. appetizing （引起食欲的）, appetizer (开胃酒) excel in sth.: surpass all others, better, greater than others He excels in music and art. She excels as a teacher of dancing. John excels all of us in spelling.,Words and expressions,cow downto intimidate, to frighten sb, to obey. e cowed his soldiers into obedience. The naughty boy was about to throw the stone to the window, then he was cowed by the sight of a policemen. The smaller boys were cowed by the class bully. coward, cowardly smarting: feel a sharp stinging pain and resentment 我的腿被蜜蜂蛰伤了。 我受到母亲的责备而感到难受。 你这样胡来一定会自食其果的。 My leg smarted from the bee sting. I smarted from my mothers reproach. You shall smart for your foolishness.,Section 2 (paras 3-4)declaration of the policy,Textual arrangement 1) declaration of English policy 2) declaration of English determination 3) stating the nature of the war, which needs support from other countries.,Figures of speech: parallel, balanced structure, antithesis,We must speak out now at once, without a days delay. We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us nothing. We will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. We have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will be our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe. That is our policy and that is our declaration. We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.,Words and expressions,due: suitable, fitting, proper 适当的,应得的 After due consideration, he decided to accept the position. He has his due reward. I shall answer all your questions in due course/time. 在适当的时候 To be paid到期(应偿付,付给或举行) The final payment is due. My salary is due tomorrow. I want to renew this book. It is due today. Appointed or agreed, expected (for a certain time or date)定于(某时)到达 The plane is due at 4:15 this afternoon. I am due at the theatre in 15 minutes. Due to : that may be ascribed or attributed to (由于,归功于) The accident was due to his careless drive. Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences. Due to the change, the planned visit to the museum has been cancelled. Give sb. his due 公道对待,给以应得的赞扬. I dont like him, but, to give him his due, he is a good singer.,rid the earth of his shadow; liberate its people from his yoke. rid a place or person of something undesirable or unwantedto remove it completely. 这个国家正在努力摆脱贫困和饥饿 你为啥不能摆脱掉那些忧虑呢？ 这些措施能够帮助这个国家消除政治腐败 The country is making great efforts to rid itself of poverty and hunger. Why couldnt you red yourself of all those thoughts and worries? These measures can help rid the country of political corruption.,yokea piece of wood which is tied across the necks of two animals such as oxen, in order to make them walk close together when they are pulling a plough. 牛轭 (fig): under the control of, usu. referring to living in a difficult or unhappy state. People are suffering under the yoke of slavery. The son finally fled to London to escape from the parental yoke. (fig.): to be forced to be closely linked together to each other. e.g. Farmers and politicians are yoked by money ad votes.,Engage; engagement,be engaged in: be busy with 从事，忙于 He was busily engaged in the research work. It is a hard and long struggle we are engaged in. At this moment he was engaged in a very heated argument with his boss. engage in (vi) (engagein) vt. (take part in an activity) If you engage in local politics, you cannot expect to have much time for your family. The old lay engaged herself in making clothes for her grandchildren. I always engage my students in an extensive practice of English. engage upon (s