英汉语差异.ppt
英汉语差异 § 李春江 Language Family § English lGermanic branch of the Indo-European language family § Chinese lSino-Tibetan language family Borrowed Words § English lLatin: pen, pencil lFrench: sir, feast lGreek: comedy lArabic: coffee lPersian: bazaar lChinese: tea, chop- suey, chow mein, kowtow, toufu § Chinese l逻辑、的士、芭蕾舞 、沙龙、休克 词义宽窄 § sister § cousin § marry § 事情(thing, matter affair, business) 搭配 § take off glasses § take off overcoat § ride a horse § ride on a plane § have a cup of tea § have a cigarette § have dinner § 参加革命 § 参加会议 § 参加劳动 § 参加意见 § 看电视 § 看黑板 § 看电影 § 看地图 § 碰到困难 § 碰到生词 § 碰到风暴 § 碰到机会 § 抓紧施肥 § grasp manure § pay close attention to or attend to the question of manure § 取得成就 § make achievements § (have or attain) § 学习知识 § learn knowledge § (acquire or attain) § 把中国建设成为 § build China into § (turn or transform) § 犯个人主义的错误 § make mistakes of individualism § (mistakes of succumbing to individualism) § 我们有过这样的经验 § We had the experience that § (It was our experience that) § 争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收 § For a good harvest both in sports and morals § Longman Dictionary: “standards of behavrior, esp. in matters of sex” § For better (atheletic) records and sportsmanship. § 男孩子到底是男孩子。 § Boys will be boys. § 啊，你到底来了。 § Here you are at last! § 我们的事业从胜利走向新的胜利。 § Our cause has won victories one after another. § We have won one victory after another for our cause. § A series of victories have been won for our cause. § 汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。 § Chinese characters have made indelible contributions in history. § The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history. § 宗教不得干预政治。 § Religion must not interfere with politics. § It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion. 修饰词 § 胜利召开 successfully convened § 严肃处理、热烈拥护、认真贯彻、彻底 粉碎、深入批判 § 不切实际的幻想、毫无根据的诽谤 § 进一步简化手续，及时地积极地从国外 引进，并且认真组织科学技术人员和广 大职工做好消化和推广工作。 § We should further simplify procedures and take prompt and vigorous action to import urgently needed technology earnestly organize scientists, technicians and the mass of workers to assimilate and popularize imported technology. § We should (further) simplify procedures and take prompt (and vigorous) action to import urgently needed technology (earnestly) organize scientists, technicians and (the mass of) workers to assimilate and popularize imported technology. Structure 汉语 § 有无主句 § 修饰语只能放在前面 § 习惯用短句 § 定语较短 § 没有表语 英语 § 没有 § 语序灵活（修饰语即 可在前，亦可在后） § 复合句或长句多 § 定语多且长 § 有表语 词序 § flesh and blood § rich and poor § old and new § heavy and light § track and field § land and water § right and left Cultural and lexical meaning §Lexical meaning: the basic meaning of the word, especially when it comes into the language originally. §Cultural meaning: the meaning of the word connected with a specific civilizationconnected with a specific civilization of the state of cultural development of a particular people. § RED lthe color of fresh blood or its like lhigh political consciousness of the proletariat Different Customs and Thinking § dog lYou lucky dog. llead a dogs life lEvery dog has his day. § 狗 l狗屁 l狗屁不通 l狗腿子 l狗崽子 § wear ones Sunday suit § the land flowing with milk and honey § 15% off § student driver § choice material § ride the high horse § another pair of shoes § May I know your name? § laugh ones head off (splitting ones sides) § like a drowned rat Phraseology § A white elephant § a new broom sweeps clean § tit for tat § an early bird § be born with a silver spoon in the mouth § to fish in the air § Mind your ps and qs Colloquial and formal § look into (investigate) § spread (disseminate) § give up (abandon) § put out (extinguish) § 天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。 § 理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当 牢记的一条原则。 § 他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬 。 § 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选 举权。 § 当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中 宾开放。 § 天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。 § It was so cold that the river froze. § 理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当 牢记的一条原则。 § That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. § 他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬 。 § He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. § 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选 举权。 § All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. § 当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中 宾开放。 § At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors. § 她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这 也不是没有道理的。 § 这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快， 使人感到惊讶不已。 § 只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当 了。 § 看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地 走下楼梯。 § 还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使 是一点点，给了人们许多希望。 § 她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这 也不是没有道理的。 § She is justifiably proud of her achievements. § 这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快， 使人感到惊讶不已。 § This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed. § 只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当 了。 § A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in. § 看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地 走下楼梯。 § The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned and gasping. § 还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使 是一点点，给了人们许多希望。 § It was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope. § There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August! § § In those years, Doris could have made something of herself if she had been a boy. § It is the electronic computers the importance of which cant be overestimated that come to the help of human brain, thus opening up boundless possibilities. § Surrounded by wild flying spray and deafened by the roar of the Falls, tourists come face to face with one of natures great extravagances. § It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. § I was not one to let my heart rule my head. § He was a patriotic, adventurous and romantic writer. § Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin. § The big courtyard is full of vehicles, yellow with dirt, mended and patched, raising their shafts to the sky like two arms, or perhaps with their noses in the ground and their backs in the air. § Emma, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence.
