研究生专业英语秋.ppt

Specialty English for Biological Master-degree students,Zhirui Deng School of Life Sciences Shanghai University September 2012,How to contact me?,Classroom: Rm 330, Building for life Sciences lecturing time: Tuesday 16:5520:35 Office time: 9:00-16:00 Monday, Tuesday & Thursday Rm 336 or 704, Life Science Building Tel: 66137536(for Rm704), 66132399(for Rm 336) E-mail: dengzhiruistaff.shu.edu.cn & dengzhirui126.com,Grading Policy,Grades will be determined from the following aspects: 20% Activity in class 70% Final exam 10% attendance Final evaluation will held in last week,Could the records for CET4 and CET 6 stand for the master of English for most people?,I DO NOT think that good records for CET4 and CET 6 can necessarily indicate your English command.,Specialty English for Biological Master-degree students,2008年哈佛大学申请人数27462人，录取率为7.1%.2009年有超过500名SAT阅读满分和1300名SAT数学满分申请者被拒之门外。 耶鲁8.3%，哥伦比亚8.7%，斯坦福9.5%，普林斯顿9.5%，麻城理工10%，布朗大学和达特茅斯13%，宾夕法尼亚16.4%，乔治城大学18，康奈尔20，全部创历史新低。 SAT：Scholastic Aptitude test, a test of a students verbal and mathematical skills, used for admission to American colleges.,为什么中国学生托福成绩高分不再？,过去中国学生考托福是高分的代名词，550不在话下，600多分大有人在。导致美国许多大学质疑中国学生托福成绩的真实性，往往不给他们发奖学金。 一方面托福网上报名一位难求，另一方面自从采用新的考试方法中国学生成绩明显下降，高分者越来越少。 2008年世界考生雅思平均成绩为6.5,而中国考生雅思平均成绩只有5.59，在世界考试人数最多的20个国家和地区中倒数第三位，仅高于阿联酋和越南。 WHY? 只因为考试加了些听说的内容！,英语口译考试应试者之重超出一般人的想象,近年中高级英语口译的考试通过率为多少？ 通过口译考试拿到所谓“证书”的人中，从事口译工作的人少之又少？Why？ 不是他们不想做而是做不了？WHY？ 中看不中用使然也！专业词汇不懂或看懂而说不出 atom, atomic magic magician Italy Italian Canada Canadian, reference, refer referee,try your best to read the following familiar words,exhibit, exhibition, export, exportation explain，explanation nature， mature speedometer，photometer，photography pseudonym, synonym, antonym decide, decision, extend, extension exist, exit, execute, execution, executive,Are there some shortcuts for learning?,What is the height of Fuji mountain in Japan? Is “student overseas” the same as “overseas student”? immigrant =emigrant? If not ,what is the difference from each other? shortcuts=diligence + skills shortcuts diligence and hard work One 15 years old child was matriculated as one freshman of Cambridge University July,2010(the youngest student in history of 337 years for this world-wide famous university funded in 773 ) Thomas Edison .,What is Specialty English ?,Specialty English is materials related to your speciality (specialty) written in English. Anyway, it belongs to the category of English, and shares common core with daily English, it follows the rules and patterns of general English, but it has its own rhetoric and grammatical traits.,Why should we study specialty English?,As one student majoring in life sciences, you should know some deal of specialty vocabulary You have to read a great deal of articles written in English for your study and research And you have to write some scientific paper in English, at least, the abstract for your dissertation according to rhetoric and grammatical style or pattern of scientific and academic publications,DO YOU KNOW THEM?,economic economical student overseas overseas student arctic antarctic in vitro in vivo principle principal migrate immigrate emigrate molecule molecular agree disagree advantage disadvantage adjust adjacent 当你方便的时候来看看我（convenient） 。 他不是一个优秀的学生（excellent）。 12389 (feet), the height of Fuji in Japan botany, phytotomy, taxonomy, taxology, analogy, anatomy,DO you know why?,We express “厘米” as “cm”, “毫米” as “mm”, “毫克” as “mg” and “毫升” as “ml”? We express the capacity of MP3 /MP4 or hard disc of your computer as M or G even T? We use RNA to stand for “核糖核酸” and DNA “脱氧核糖核酸”? ,Specialty English for Biological Master-degree students,Do you know what is the English name for “口蹄疫”？ Do you know the relevant English for “液泡膜”，”溶酶体”，”液泡” ,维管束（鞘），“单子叶植物”，“双子叶植物”etc. respectively? Could you read the words “cation, anion, eucaryotic, immature, consenescence, etc.”, correctly? If “Yes” to all questions, you do not need to stay in classroom for this course. If “No” to all or some, you had better stay for more learning.,常读错的常用专业词汇,metabolism metabolic metabolite,metabolism /metEb5liz5m/ metabolic/met5b6lik/ metabolite/mitEb5l2t /,常读错的常用专业词汇,catabolism catabolic catabolite (by-product),catabolism/k5tEb5liz5m/ catabolic/kEt5b6lik/ catabolite /k5tEb5l2t/,常读错的常用专业词汇,anabolism anabolic anabolite aerobe aerobic anaerobe anaerobic anode (anion) cathode (cation),常读错的常用专业词汇,analysis analytical analyze analyst,analysis/5nElisis/ analytical/En5litik5l/ analyze/En5l2z/ analyst/En5list/,常读错的常用专业词汇,catalytic catalyst catalysis,catalytic/kEt5litik/ catalyst/kEt5list/ catalysis/k5tElisis/,常读错的常用专业词汇,prokaryote prokaryotic eukaryote eukaryotic,prokaryote/prokEriot/ prokaryotic/prokEri6tik/ eukaryote/&kEriot/ eukaryotic/&kEri6tik /,常读错的常用专业词汇,molecule molecular,molecule/m6lik7l/,/molik7l/ molecular/molek&l5/,常读错的常用专业词汇,organ organic inorganic organism organelle,organ/g5n/, organic/gEnik/ inorganic/ingEnik / organism/g5niz5m / organelle/g5nel /,常读错的常用专业词汇,mechanism mechanics mechanic mechanician,mechanism /mek5niz5m/ mechanics /mikEniks/ mechanic /mikEnik/ mechanician /mek5ni85n/,Specialty English for Biological Master-degree students,Grading Policy: Grades will be determined from the following aspects, and on a curve based on the highest and student have received. 30% Activity in class 50% Final exams 20% attendance,How to be a successful a leaner or an advisor,授之以渔地教：to tell students how to be an expert on fishing, or how to be a pisciculturist(养鱼家),and to know how to fish, rather than to give them existing fish directly, i.e. tell them the ways and the techniques for studynot simply let them remember all the teacher told them. 勤奋 &灵活地学：to make the best use of the methods that you learned from teachers and to try to find the new techniques for yourself and the latter is more important to you, as you find them through your study, you summarize them out from a great deal of learningthey are most suitable to you.,- What are the personality characteristics successful language learners possess, and what kinds of strategies and methods and techniques they use?,Unit One How to be a successful English learner,Personality Characteristics,They are tolerant of ambiguity: they can tolerate a certain amount of frustration and uncertainty They are extroverted: They are willing to express their own ideas openly (outgoing) and take risks in life.,Strategies and Techniques,They have insight into their own language learning styles and preferences: they can adapt to various methods and materials and know how to make sense of the linguistic information. They take an active approach to the learning task: they have their own goals and ways to use the second language, they dont rely too heavily on the teachers, in other words, they are independent learners.,Strategies and Techniques,They are willing to take risks and are not afraid of making mistakes: they have a positive and accepting view of new language and native speakers, and make use of any opportunity to communicate with native speakers. They are good guessers: they constantly search for clues to the meaning and use these clues to make reasonable guesses.,Strategies and Techniques,They are aware of form as well as content: they constantly look for patterns in language and try to figure out rules for forming the language. They actively try to develop the second language into a separate reference system: they think of the second language as separate from their first language, and try to think the second language as soon as possible rather than translating from one language to another.,Traits of English studies,Skillful A lot to be remembered Easy to forget Long duration,Methods used to learn English,Direct mother language Natural “pinyin”（apple， ant） Balance of left and right hemisphere Overlap and recycle Multimedia, multi-accesses Self-creation of environment， etc.,The methods I like best,无压力学习法（as a kind of joy, not a burden） 灵活记忆法（flexible memory）,Chain & net memory Association memory Word-building memory Special method for special words Memory by phonetics Memory by word source,Chain & net memory -synonym, antonym, and derivative,right left right wrong correct incorrect,Association memory,arctic antarctic principal principle In vitro in vivo out of question out of the question In front of in the front of 12389 (feet): height of Fuji mountain,Word-building memory,Independence (of) Independent (of) depend (upon) dependent (on) dependence (on) Agreement agree disagree disagreement,compete,competition,competitor,competence,competent,competitive,incompetence,incompetent,uncompetitive,affixes for negatory meaning,in-:,correct-incorrect formal-informal capable-incapable accurate-inaccurate,il-: used for words with starting letter “l”: legal-illegal logical-illogical im-: used for words with beginning letter “p”, “b” and “m” mobile-immobile-immobilization-immobilized enzyme possible-impossible practical-impractical balance-imbalance ir-: used for words with starting letter “r regular-irregular, responsible-irresponsible,affixes for negative meaning,un-:,un+adj: unable, unnecessary, untrue, unaware, uncertain, uncommon, unfair unpleasant, unfavorable, unfortunate, uncomfortable, unhappy, unjust, unfriendly, ungrateful, unimportant, uninteresting, unkind unlucky, unreasonable, unselfish, unconscious, unusual, unwelcome unwilling, unworthy, unequal *most of adjectives ending with “-able” are turned into negatory form this way,un + past participle: used for most past participle UFO: unidentified flying object uncustomed, undoubted, uneducated, unexpected, unknown, unseen unsettled, unemployed,un + verb: unfold, unload, uncover, undress, unlock,affixes for negative meaning,dis-:,dis + verb: discontinue, dislike, disagree, discharge, disown, disinfect, disable,dis + adjective: dishonest, disable dis + noun: disability,*disable unable unable enable, *inability disability,affixes for negative meaning,non-:,non+ noun: non-sense, nonexistence non+ adjective: non-academic,Special method for special words,Examples: verb+ment noun: argue-argument( not arguement) judge- judgement = judgment ad.+ th noun : long-length strong-strength wide-width,Memory by phonetics,molecule molecular biology biological biologist,organ exhibit exhibition organelle inhibit inhibition organism extraordinary organic exaggerate inorganic disadvantage,Memory by phonetics,explain explanation exhibit exhibition atom atomic academy academic nature natural nation national mature maturity class classical,Memory by word source,paternal pater maternal mater fraternal frater,Derivatives:,Morphemes=affix + root (stem): Insect, impress include, exclude, conclude antonym, synonym, pseudonym,Multimedia, multi-accesses to make use of video & audio materials,Self-creation of environment to think about everything you meet, you hear, you miss, in English, not first in Chinese and then in English 地铁， 超车道， 收费口， 硬路基（肩）洗发水, 分线盒, 磁悬浮,英语性别表达的差异,何谓“有理想的教育”？,当前普遍存在的过分强调个人作用和自我意识做法和急功近利的心态致使高洁素养沦丧、君子风度蜕化、慎独精神蒸发。在如此风气下，学生们内在的上进、跋涉、奋斗和甘于奉献、甘于寂寞等“士”的风采和士志于道的责任逐渐退缩，以至于遇到一点风风吹草动，内心就计较利害，难以自持，没了集体观念及团结合作精神。 当今教育，有多少人重视学生的幸福养成、远景发展、服务于社会的良好心态和独立风骨的培养呢？ “有理想的教育”就是不仅给学生提供分数、知识，更要提供责任、奉献和服务于社会公共福利的品质和才能；教育不仅要颁发“毕业证书”，还要给孩子提供内心快乐、敢于担当等责任指数。 教育必须注重对“有理想的教育”的挖掘，“淡化物欲崇拜”，注重人格熏陶；淡化铤而走险，回归朴素宁静；淡化不择手段，回归厚德载物。用崇高的人生理想和献身社会的崇高责任武装教育，激活热情，为学生和教育构建可持续发展的乐园。,Some differences between Chinese and English,吃药： 开处方： 听劝告： 量体温： 喝汤： 开门见山： 当你方便(convenient)的时候来看我：,Some similar expressions,做生意：do business 做决定：make a decision 采取措施：take measure/take step 开帐户：open an account 无巧不成书：No coincidences, no stories.,Where there is will, there is a way -some tips for English study,Adjectives ending with able,-ible and uble have passive meaning:,Sensible, visible, edible, legible, credible, feasible, readable, portable (computer), exportable (protein), (China) mobile, soluble, etc.,When verbs ending with “d”, or “de” turn into nouns, the nouns always end with “sion”:,decide decision; collide collision Include inclusion; explode explosion exclude exclusion; extend extension,Summary,1, Make sure to remember vocabulary according to the phonetics (syllables), i.e. not only alphabet composition, but also pronunciation. 2, Make best use of modern techniques and advantages of traditional Chinese education.,读书有三到,余尝谓：读书有三到，谓心到、眼到、口道。心不在，则眼不能看仔细，心眼既不专一，却只能漫浪诵读，决不能记，记亦不能久也。三到之中，心到最急。心既到矣，眼口岂有不到乎？,要做则做,后生家每临事，辄曰：“吾不会做”。此大谬也。凡事做则会，不做则安能会耶？又，做事，辄曰：“且待明日”。此亦大谬也。凡要做则做，若一味因循，大误终身。,How to use the methods you just learnt,停车坐爱枫林晚，霜叶红于二月花。 How to understand the word “坐” above? Do you know the difference between the word “learned” and the word “learnt?,Some tips for English Study,write wrote written, writing drive drove driven driving ride rode ridden riding rise rose risen rising en+noun vt: endanger, encourage,encage, enjoy en + adj. vt: enable, enlarge, enrich noun.+en vt: threaten, strengthen, lengthen adj.+en vt:harden, blacken, widen, whiten,soften noun+ en adj.:golden, wooden en + v 强化作用：enforce， enclose,Some tips for English Study,panic, panicked, panicked, panicking, panics traffic, trafficked, trafficked, trafficking, traffics picnic, picnicked, picnicked, picnicking, picnics,Some rules on stress in words,Stress the first word in the compound more than the second word. Examples: airport, laptop, classroom, deadline, software, greenhouse, blackboard, newspaper *green house two words have their own separate stresses.,Stress often falls on the first non (or main syllable of the first noun) of compound noun Examples: vacuum cleaner, computer lab, air conditioner, traffic jam, air pollution,Some rules on stress in words,Compound verbs (two-word verb) stress the particle, or second element, more strongly. Examples: get out, look out, put off, brush up Stress the second part of the compound adverb. Examples: overseas, downtown, northeast, outside, upstairs Stress base or the second element (verb) of compound verbs. Examples: outrun, overlook, oversee, understand, outgrow, overlook, withdrew, predict understand, overeat, interact,Some rules on stress in words,18, 80? 15, 50? 14, 40? 13, 30?,Stress the -teen syllable eighty eighteen; fifty fifteen forty fourteen; thirty thirteen,Some rules on stress in words,Stress the first syllable in nouns and the second syllable in verbs.,Some rules on stress in words -stress the first syllable in adjectives and the second syllable in verbs.,名词转化动词词尾由