麻醉的气道管理.ppt

Airway Management,EMS Professions Temple College,Topics for Discussion,Airway Maintenance Objectives Airway A&P Review Causes of Respiratory Difficulty & Distress Assessing Respiratory Function Methods of Airway Management Methods of Ventilatory Management Common Out-of-Hospital Equipment Utilized Advanced Methods of Airway Mgmt & Ventilations Risks to the Paramedic,Objectives of Airway Management & Ventilation,Primary Objective: Ensure optimal ventilation Deliver oxygen to the blood Eliminate carbon dioxide (C02) from the body Definitions What is Airway Management? How does it differ from spontaneous, manual or assisted Ventilations?,Objectives of Airway Management & Ventilation,Why is this so important? Brain death occurs rapidly; Other tissue follows EMS providers can reduce additional injury/disease EMS providers often neglect BLS airway & ventilation skills,Airway Anatomy Review,Anatomy of the Upper Airway Anatomy of the Lower Airway Lung Capacities/Volumes Pediatric Airway Differences,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Functions: Warm, Filter, Humidify Nasopharynx formed by union of facial bones nasal floor towards ear not eye lined with mucous membranes and cilia tissues are delicate and vascular,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Oropharynx Teeth Tongue Lg muscle attached at mandible and hyoid bones Most common airway obstruction Palate Roof of mouth Separates oro- Posterior=soft palate,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Oropharynx Adenoids lymph tissue - filters bacteria commonly infected Epiglottis Prevents aspiration Directs air vs. other Vallecula “pocket” formed by the base of tongue & epiglottis,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Sinuses cavities formed by cranial bones act as tributaries for fluid to & from eustachian tubes & tear ducts trap bacteria, commonly infected,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Larynx attached to hyoid bone hyoid: horseshoe shaped bone (cartilage) hyoid supports trachea thyroid cartilage first tracheal cartilage - shield shaped cartilage anterior but smooth muscle posterior “Adams Apple” Glottic opening directly behind,