2017年高二英语暑期作业复习方法策略15讲第15讲构词法与其考查形式201708021144.doc

第15讲构词法与其考查形式备考指导正确运用构词法知识，是词汇学习的重要途径，同时也是扩大词汇量的一个重要方法。英语中构词法主要可以分为派生法、转化法和合成法。牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识，不仅有助于提高考生对阅读中生词进行辨识的能力，更能够灵活运用到语法填空和短文改错对于词性转换的考查当中。一、构词法的分类(一)派生法在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的为后缀。1英语常用前缀表a使，离，向awake使醒来apart使分离ac，ad，af，ag，al向，加强accelerate加强，加快affect影响anti反，防止antitank反坦克的auto自，自动automation自动化be在，使beside在旁befall降临(于)bi双bicycle自行车bisexual两性的co共同，互相coexist共存com，con共同，加强combine联合confirm使加强de离，加强，降detrain下火车depicture描述dif分开，否定differ差异difficult困难dis否，离，安全disallow不准disroot根除disarrange搞乱e ，ex出，否定，加强educe引出estop阻止expand扩展en，em在内，用于，使encage关入笼embed使插入in ，im，il无，向内，加强incorrect不正确impulse冲动inter在间international国际的kilo千kilometer千米micro微microbe微生物mini微小minibus小公共汽车neg不，非neglect忽视negate否定non不，非nonparty非党派的ob，oc，op越过，包围，逆反object目标oppose反抗out在外，除去outlaw逃亡者outroot根除over超出，反转overweight超重overthrow推翻per贯通，遍及perform完成perfect完美的post在后postwar战后的postern后门pre在前preface前言pro在前，拥护prologue序言pro American亲美的re重复，相反recall回忆react反应se分离separate使分离select选出sub，suc，sug在下，次于subway地铁succeed继承sur超，外加surface表面surtax附加税tele远television电视trans超过，透过translate翻译transport运输un否定unfair不公平的up向上upset推翻upstairs在楼上uni单一united联合的unit单位2英语常用后缀表ability，ibility抽象名词stability稳定sensibility敏感性able，ible能的unable无能力的terrible可怕的acy性质，状态illiteracy文盲age动作，状态，总称(构成名词)postage邮费al动作，行为，的manual手册central中心an人，籍贯，的African非洲的publican酒店老板ance，ency行为，性质，状态distance距离currency流通ant，ent人，的assistant助手excellent优秀的ary地点，人，事物library图书馆military军事ate做，职位，的doctorate博士学位adequate足够的ation，ition动作，性质，状态invitation邀请addition附加物craft技巧，工艺aircraft飞机handicraft手艺cy形状，状态，职位secrecy秘密fancy幻想dom状态，领域freedom自由kingdom王国ed有的cultured有教养的puzzled迷惑的ence，ency行为，性质，状态difference差异frequency频率er，eer，or人killer杀手engineer工程师doctor医生ern地点，方位eastern东方的cavern洞穴ese人，语言，国籍Chinese中国人Japanese日本人ess女性，雌性actress女演员hood状态，身份(构成名词)childhood童年livelihood生计ic学术，职业，的music音乐atomic原子的ice人，抽象名词service服务novice新手ics学术(构成名词)physics物理学optics光学ing总称，抽象名词clothing衣服building建筑feeling感觉ion物品，抽象名词cushion坐垫expression表达ism主义，宗教Marxism马克思主义ist者(构成名词)communist共产主义者dentist牙医ive人，物，的native本地人attractive有吸引力的less无的homeless无家可归的fearless无畏的logy学(构成名词)zoology动物学biology生物学ly的，地daily每日的quickly迅速地ment状况，物，组织development发展department部门ness抽象名词darkness黑暗kindness和蔼ous有的(构成形容词)famous著名的dangerous危险的ship状况，事物(构成名词)friendship友谊leadership领导能力sion，tion动作，性质，状态expansion扩展description描述th状况，第youth青春health健康fifth第五ty状况，十specialty专业safety安全fifty五十ure状况，物(构成名词)pleasure快乐picture图画y状况，学术，小的harmony和谐botany植物学baby婴儿(二)合成法把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新的单词的构词法叫作合成法，以合成法构成的单词叫作合成词，包括合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词、合成副词等。1合成名词babysitter 保姆software 软件freezing point 冰点sunbathing 日光浴breakthrough 突破output 输出shewolf 母狼soninlaw 女婿2合成形容词warmhearted 热心的absentminded 心不在焉的snowcovered 被雪覆盖的newlybuilt 新建的troublefree 无忧无虑的largescale 大规模的easygoing 随和的fiveyearold 五岁的3其他合成词overcome 克服afterwards 后来outside 在外边(三)转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。转化规则名词动词动词名词例词face(n.脸v.面对)shoulder(n.肩v.肩负)water(n.水v.浇水)back(n.背v.支持)name(n.名字v.命名)look(v./n.)看try(v./n.)尝试dream(v./n.)梦想chat (v./n.)聊天转化规则形容词动词形容词副词例词empty(adj.空的v.倒空)slow(adj.慢的v.减慢)dirty(adj.脏的v.弄脏)warm(adj.暖的v.使变暖)hard(adj.难的adv.努力)high(adj.高的adv.高)deep(adj.深的adv.深)wide(adj.宽的adv.宽)注意：high, deep, wide表示具体意义，而highly, deeply, widely表示抽象意义。二、构词法在考题中的考查形式多以派生词的形式考查。典例展示1They were the kind that I did not have in my _(collect)so I placed them carefully in my bag.答案collection解析句意：因为它们是我收藏中没有的那种，因此我把它们小心地放在了我的包里。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，故答案为collection。典例展示2Would you take this along to the office for me?With _(please)答案pleasure解析句意你愿意为我把这个东西一起带到办公室吗？乐意效劳。with pleasure乐意效劳。典例展示3Ron had a _(success)career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.答案successful解析句意：在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。名词career前需用形容词作定语，故答案为successful。典例展示4He must be _ (mental) disabled.答案mentally解析修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。典例展示5His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.答案warmly解析修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。典例展示6But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.答案choice解析在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词后，一定是用名词形式，故填choice。跟踪训练考点突破.单句语法填空1It is _ (nature) that young people are often _ (comfort) when they are with their parents.2Todays experience taught me some _ (value) lessons in my life.3_ (obvious), the story is not true, but the festival is interesting.4I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time._ (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.5Therefore, when they become older they are _ (able) to do any other kind of work.6The _ (mystery) letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought.7To make myself _， I would do some _ exercise after work. (relax)8Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _ (require). 9It is your _ (free) to do what you want after class.10However, most _ (science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with _ (educate).单句改错1In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks friend to people greeting him._2I must be getting fat I can hard do my trousers up._3They dived deep into the forest and felt deep frightened._4Personal, I dont like him at all, but its strange that he should be so popular among the kids._5I wasnt blaming anyone; I mere said errors like this could be avoided._6We apologized for any convenience caused by the delay._7People with disabilities are now doing many things to rich their lives._8The fiveyearsold boy can sing the song very well._9Australia is an Englishspoken country._10She looked anxious. It seems that she has been involved in proper business deals._能力提升.阅读理解A holiday is any day when people lay aside their ordinary duties and cares.The word came from Old English.At first，holidays honored some holy events or persons.People in Great Britain and other countries speak of holidays as Americans speak of vacations.Every nation has its special holidays.China observes New Years Day (January 1)，May Day and National Day as legal(法定的) holidays，as it was on Oct.1，1949 that the Peoples Republic of China was founded.The Chinese have long celebrated the Chinese lunar year.In the United States，congress has declared several days as legal holidays such as New Years Day (January 1)，Martin Luther King，Jr.s Birthday，Washingtons birthday，Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day and so on. Some holidays celebrated special events in the development of a country，such as Greeces Independence Day，Italys Liberation Day and Indias Independence Day.In the United States，banks and schools usually close on a legal holiday.When such a holiday falls on Sunday，the following Monday is usually observed.Schools and organizations often observe days known as traditional holidays，although schools and business do not close then.Those holidays include Valentines Day and Halloween.1In the sentence “China observes New Years Day (January 1)”，“observes” means “_”Acelebrates BpraisesCspends Dcares2From the passage we can infer that _AChinese will no longer observe the Spring FestivalBstudents dont have to go to school on any holidayCChinese and Americans share at least one holidayDAmericans can easily draw money from banks on legal days3Which of the following holidays has nothing to do with a countrys development?AChinas National Day.BValentines Day.CItalys liberation Day.DIndependence Day.4If a legal holiday falls on Sunday in the USA，people usually celebrate on _ASundayBthe followingCthe following TuesdayDthe following Monday.完形填空When I was young I did several crazy things，especially when it came to meeting my favorite celebrities(名人)Although I know now that what I did then was _1_，it did leave me some very fond memories and some good _2_ as I look back.When I was living in New Jersey，a nearby park was having a very special _3_ in which Jan and Dean and the band The Kingsmen would give a performance.A good hour _4_ I noticed that the backstage door was _5_.I told my boyfriend about that but he _6_ shot down my great idea of entering backstage.I was not _7_ by him，so I proceeded towards the door，dragging him.As we started down the darkened corridor(走廊)，we found someone was _8_ straight towards us! Panicked，I tried to _9_ which way to run.Looking about for a(n) _10_，I turned around and found myself _11_ the leader of The Kingsmen.Afraid of being _12_ and in great shock，I had no idea what to do.To my _13_，he said “Hey! What are you doing？” I said something I cannot _14_ anymore but the conversation went on in a _15_ atmosphere.Before we knew it，it was time for the concert to begin and our amazing conversation had to _16_.I began to head back out of the backstage corridor.However，before I could get too far I was _17_ with，“Hey，wave to me like this when I get on stage and then _18_ me here after the concert.I will have my guys let you in.” Excited，I _19_ and did as I was told.That turned out to be a night I will never _20_.1A.wrong BfineCinspiring Dbrave2A.questions BprizesClaughs Dstudies3A.interview BcompetitionCconcert Dgame4A.around Bbefore Cafter Dduring5A.obvious BheavyClarge Dopen6A.actually BimmediatelyCfortunately Dproperly7A.frightened BadmiredCforced Dpersuaded8A.leaving BstrugglingCjumping Dheading9A.give up Bbring aboutCfigure out Dput away10A.excuse BescapeCseat Dtool11A.facing BwaitingCvisiting Dattracting12A.blamed BcalledCruined Ddiscussed13A.mind BconfusionCappreciation Dsurprise14A.understand BbearCremember Dimagine15A.cold Bgreat Cstrange Dformal16A.continue BstartCend Ddevelop17A.replaced BencouragedCinterrupted Dcomforted18A.notice BaskClead Dmeet19A.agreed BcheckedCignored Dargued20A.admit Bforget Cshow Dmiss.语法填空A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private 1._(safety)They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 2._ (equip)to dig holes and destroy walls on Saturday night.They tied up a 3._ (secure)guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.One 4._ (investigate)described the 5._ (rob)as a “6._ (profession)job”The robbers came in at about 22：00 on Saturday and left at 7：00 on Sunday.They entered through the basements of the 7._ (neighbour)building，digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank，which was having building works at the time.When they left，the robbers set the place on fire to 8._ (move)any trace of evidence，switching on the antifire system and flooding the building.9._ (fortune)，the guard escaped 10._ (harm)It is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the banks clients(储户)know the content of their private safes.第15讲构词法与其考查形式考点突破构词法与其考查形式.1.natural；uncomfortable2.valuable3.Obviously4Unfortunately5.unable6.mysterious7.relaxed；relaxing8.requirement9.freedom10scientists；education.1.friendfriendly2.hardhardly3.第二个deepdeeply4.PersonalPersonally5.meremerely6.convenienceinconvenience7.richenrich8fiveyearsoldfiveyearold9.EnglishspokenEnglishspeaking10.properimproper能力提升.1.A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The Chinese have long celebrated the Chinese Lunar year.”可知是指中国庆祝这项节日，故该词是指“庆祝”，故A正确。2C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“China observes New Years Day (January 1)，May Day and National Day as legal(法定的) holidays.In the United States，congress has declared several days as legal holidays such as New Years Day (January 1).”可知这两个国家都庆祝1月1日新年。故C正确。3B细节理解题。Chinas National Day与中国的成立有关；Italys liberation Day是意大利的解放日；Independence Day是美国的独立日，都和国家的发展有关，只有B项情人节与国家的发展无关。故B符合要求。4D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When such a holiday falls on Sunday, the following Monday is usually observed.”可知C项正确。.1.A从前面的“When I was young I did several crazy things.”可知作者要描述的是比较过分的行为。2C从前面的“.it did leave me some very fond memories and.”可知留下的是愉快的记忆。3C从后面出现的concert 可知这里正在举行一场音乐会。4B从最后一段的“before we knew it，it was time for the concert to begin.”可知作者描述的是表演开始前的事情。5D从后面的“.my great idea of entering backstage.”可知后台的门应该是开着才有办法进入。6B作者的男朋友马上否决了作者的想法。7D从后面的“.I proceeded towards the door.”可知作者没有被说服，还是决定去后台。8D从此句后面的描述可知作者变得惊慌起来，应该是有人向他们走了过来。9C作者想要找到从哪里可以逃跑。figure out 表示 “找出”。10B作者正在寻找逃跑的出口。11A有人向作者他们走来，作者没有找到出口，只能迎面撞上来人。12A撞上后作者害怕被责骂。13D来人没有责备作者，反而打起了招呼，这让作者惊讶。14C根据后面的转折内容可知作者应该不记得聊天所说的内容了。15B从后面的“Before we knew it，it was time for the concert to begin and our amazing conversation.”可知聊天的氛围应该不错。16C演唱会要开始了，所以谈话应该结束了。17C作者正往回走，结果被打断了，被叫住了。18D从后面的“I will have my guys let you in.”可知应该是让作者再去见他。19A从后面的“.did as I was told.”可知作者答应了。20B跟明星一起度过的时间应该是难忘的。 .1.safes2.equipment3.security4.investigator5robbery6.professional7.neighbouring8remove9.Fortunately10.unharmed13