2018年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练19环境保护一外研版201709171151.wps

话题语篇专攻练 1919 环境保护( (一) ) ( (建议用时 4040分钟) ) . 阅读理解 A (2017·福州模拟) The poaching, or illegal killing, of rhinos(犀牛)in South Africa is growing worse each year. The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2015, a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before. The World Wildlife Fund, or WWF, says about 20, 000 rhinos live in South Africa. That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world. Edna Molewa, South Africas Environment Minister, says, “During 2015, we are sad to say this, 1, 215 rhinos were killed. This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1, 004 in 2014 and indeed very worrying. ” The animals are hunted for their horns(角). Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power, which drives poachers, at all costs, mad for more horns. But there is no scientific evidence for this belief. The horn is made of keratin(角蛋白). That is the same thing as human hair, fingernails and toenails. Ms Molewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year, an increase from the year before. But rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest. South Africas legal system is ineffective. Ms Molewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos. The efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries. “Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during 2015 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year, ”Molewa said. Jo Shaw, the rhino program manager at the WWF, said, “Were talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month, or more than three a day. We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally. ”She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them. Government 1 officials are to meet in Botswana in March atthe Inter-governmental Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade. 【文章大意】本文介绍了南非犀牛盗猎创历史记录、盗猎原因及为保护犀牛所采取的一系列措 施。作者在最后一段指出禁止偷猎犀牛需要国际间的合作。 1. According to Paragraph 2, we know_. A. Half of rhinos live in South Africa. B. Less than 1, 000 rhinos were killed in 2014. C. The killing in 2015 was more than that in 2014. D. There are only 20, 000 rhinos left in the world. 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第二段 During 2015, we are sad to say this, 1, 215 rhinos were killed. This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1, 004 in 2014 and indeed very worrying. 可知 2015年盗猎比 2014 年更为严重, 故选 C 项。 2. What is the main reason for people to hunt rhinos? A. To get more keratin. B. To protect the farmland. C. To use them for decoration. D. To make money from horns 【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第三段 The animals are hunted for their horns. Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power, which drives poachers, at all costs, mad for more horns.可知, 非法者盗猎犀牛的原因在于获取犀牛角, 从而获得利润, 故选 D 项。 3. Jo Shaw thinks that_. A. many criminal groups are well organized B. new laws are needed to punish the killers C. rhino protection needs international cooperation D. conferences about protecting rhinos are to be held every year 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据最后一段 Jo Shaw“所说 We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally. ”可知, 保护犀牛不仅仅是一个 国家的行为, 它还需要国际间合作, 故选 C 项。 4. What can we infer from the text? A. Rhino protection has a long way to go. 2 B. No one would like to buy horns in the future. C. The illegal killing of rhinos will soon disappear. D. Rhinos living in South Africa will move to other countries. 【解析】选 A。推理判断题。根据文章可知, 不法分子为获取犀牛角铤而走险, 追求利润最大 值, 因此与这些违法者做斗争是一项长期的工作, 还有漫长的路要走, 故选 A 项。 B Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱)than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs. Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1. 5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but theres a lot we can do to lower the number. You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher(洗碗 机)only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要论及人类淡水资源的问题。本文先是分类论述人类活动 将会对淡水资源的短缺造成影响, 进而通过实例介绍在日常生活中我们应当如何节约使用淡 水。 5. Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater? A. Using river water. B. Paving parking lots. 3 C. Throwing batteries away. D. Throwing rubbish into lakes. 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.可知, 我们铺设的道路和停 车场越多, 可流入地下成为地下水的水就越少。所以选 B。 6. What can be inferred from the text? A. It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs. B. All water shortages are due to human behavior. C. There is much we can do to reduce family size. D. The average family in America makes proper use of water. 【解析】选 A。推理判断题。文章主要论述了人类活动对淡水资源的影响以及人们应如何节约 使用淡水, 根据文章主旨大意可以推断, 满足我们的用水需求需要做出大量的努力, 故选 A。 7. The last paragraph is intended to_. A. show us how to fix leaks at home B. tell us how to run a dishwasher C. suggest what we do to save water at home D. prove what drinking glass is best for us 【解析】选 C 。细节理解题。最后一段主要讲述了 save water in your home; glass; dishwasher; recycling batteries 等, 所以这一段是号召我们在日常生活中节约用水, 故选C。 8. The text is mainly about_. A. why paving roads reduces our water B. how human activity affects our water supply C. why droughts occur more in dry climates D. how much we depend on water to live 【解析】选 B。主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了人类活动对淡水资源的影响以及人们应如何节约 使用淡水。所以选 B。 . 完形填空 (2017·揭阳模拟) On an airplane as she was flying across the United States, Dr. Jane Goodall noticed a woman sitting next to her. She asked the woman why she was so tired, and the woman 4 said she was absolutely_1_because shed been up at two in the morning trying to_2_the water. Her young daughter was in an environmental group at school and her daughters passion had turned to making sure her_3_was eco-friendly. They were staying at the womans brothers house the night before her trip, and in the middle of the night her daughter woke up to the_4_of a dripping faucet(水龙头). The daughter asked for_5_turning it off as the faucet handle was_6_. The only way to_7_the leak was to dig to the pipe in the front lawn to find the main valve to turn the water off, and her daughter wouldnt go to sleep until the leak stopped. So at two in the morning_8_in the family was out in the yard helping to_9_to turn off the water. Young people have much more_10_to start and accomplish changes than what_11_may believe. When children make a change in their lives, families are_12_along to become environmentally friendly. The story also shows that_13_actions can have a big impact. We_14_to think about_15_events like Clean and Green Week. Instead, a lot of small changes can make a(n)_16_. If hundreds or thousands of students_17_their families to turn off the tap to save water, move the air conditioning temperature_18_a degree or two in summer, _19_less and make other environment-mentally-friendly changes, the_20_family may change its behaviors. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一个小女孩在学校是爱护环境小组的成员, 一天在凌晨两点她 听到了水龙头滴答的声音, 醒来之后一看是水龙头的把手坏了, 无法关上水管, 于是她就说服 家里人一起帮她挖通往总阀门的管道, 以便切断水源。小女孩的热情已经影响她的家人也变得 爱护环境了。通过这件事说明小行动也能有很大的影响, 许多小的变化也能起重要的作用。 1. A. exhausted B. delighted C. sad D. angry 【解析】选 A。根据本句前面的暗示词“tired”和下文的描述可知这个妇女在凌晨两点就起 来想法关水龙头, 所以她非常疲倦(exhausted 精疲力竭的)。 2. A. turn on B. turn off C. take along D. bring along 【解析】选 B。根据第二段的描述和暗示词“turn the water off”可知此处的意思是凌晨两 点起来尽力地关上(turn off)水管。所以 B 项符合语境。 5 3. A. mother B. family C. school D. group 【解析】选 B。根据下文的暗示词“in the family”可知因她的小女儿在学校是爱护环境小组 的成员, 她女儿的热情影响着家人的环保意识。 4. A. sound B. voice C. rhyme D. music 【解析】选 A。根据下文的语境可知在半夜她女儿醒了是因为听到了水龙头滴答的声音 (sound)。所以 A 项符合语境。 5. A. advice B. pleasure C. help D. trouble 【解析】选 C。女儿请求帮助(help)把水龙头关上。 6. A. opened B. thrown C. dropped D. broken 【解析】选 D。女儿请求帮助把水龙头关上, 因为水龙头的把手坏了(broken)。 7. A. stop B. prevent C. hold D. cut 【解析】选 A“。根据本句后面的暗示词 the leak stopped”“可知本句的意思是 阻止(stop) 漏水的唯一方法是。所以 A 项符合语境。 8. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one 【解析】选 C。于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人(everyone)都出去到院子里帮忙。 9. A. fix B. dig C. mend D. fit 【解析】选 B“”。词汇复现题。 挖 dig 上文中已提到。 10. A. power B. time C. enthusiasm D. wisdom 【解析】选 A。年轻人开始并完成改变的力量(power)比成年人想象的要大得多。所以 A 项符 合语境。 11. A. officials B. teenagers C. teachers D. adults 【解析】选 D。根据上下文的语境和常识可知年轻人该和成年人相比。所以 D 项符合语境。 12. A. saved B. praised C. seated D. dragged 【解析】选 D。根据上文家里人的参与可知本句意为“当孩子们在他们的生活中做出改变的时 候, ”家里人被拖带着变得爱护环境了。 drag along拖着, 所以 D 项符合语境。 13. A. important B. small 6 C. unnecessary D. childrens 【解析】选 B。根据下文的暗示词“small”和上下文的语境可知本句的意思是“这个故事也 表明小(small)”行动也能有很大的影响。 所以 B 项符合语境。 14. A. plan B. tend C. attempt D. mean 【解析】选 B。根据下文可知本句的意思是“我们往往(tend to)考虑像清洁周和绿色周这样的 ”大事件。 所以 B 项符合语境。 15. A. new B. traditional C. big D. social 【解析】选 C。考查语境逻辑。与上句中的“small actions”形成对比,“此处说 大事件”。所 以 C 项符合语境。 16. A. living B. difference C. effort D. fortune 【解析】选 B。本句的意思为“相反, 许多小的变化也能起重要的作用(make a difference 有影 响, 起重要作用)”。 所以 B 项符合语境。 17. A. want B. allow C. convince D. force 【解析】选 C“。根据上文让家人参与挖水管可知此句的意思是 为了节约用水, 如果数以百计 或数以千计的学生都说服他们的家人做出一些改变”convince说服, 劝服, 所以 C 项符合 语境。 18. A. off B. away C. down D. up 【解析】选 D。根据常识可知夏季将空调调高一度可以对保护环境做出贡献。 19. A. eat B. walk C. drive D. consume 【解析】选 C“”。四个选项中只有 少开车 能对环境保护有作用。 20. A. rich B. large C. entire D. ordinary 【解析】选 C。根据上文可知此句的意思是“少开车并从思想上对爱护环境产生一些其他 的改变, ”整个家庭就可能改变它的行为。 entire整个的, 全部的, 全体的, 所以 C 项符合语 境。 . 语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is suggested that extinct animals can possibly come back to life through cloning sometimes, but 1. _(fortune), this is either impossible 2. _ 7 unsuitable. The reasons are as follows: 3. _is required is that you need perfect DNA and enough 4. _ (diverse)in the group to overcome illnesses, which means having animals with their genes 5. _(arrange)in different ways. The advantage is 6. _if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive. A suitable habitat would 7. _(need)for the extinct animals to lead a natural life, so it would be 8. _(fair)to clone any of them if they were to live in a zoo. 9. _(base)on the reasons above, we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals, so the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is 10. _(mere)a dream. 【文章大意】据说克隆有可能使灭绝的动物回归, 作者认为这是不可能的并给出了几个理由。 1.【解析】unfortunately。fortune是名词, 副词修饰整个句子, 再根据句意可知用其反义词 形式。 2. 【解析】or。固定搭配: either. . . or. . . , 或者或者。 3. 【解析】What。此处是主语从句, 缺少主语和引导词, 填 What。 4. 【解析】diversity。句意: 你需要完整的 DNA 和足够的差异来克服疾病。enough diversity 与 perfect DNA 对应。 5.【解析】arranged。with 的复合结构, genes 和 arrange 之间是被动关系, 用过去分词, 故 填 arranged。 6. 【解析】that。此处是 that 引导的表语从句, 不作成分, 只起引导作用。 7. 【解析】be needed。考查含情态动词的被动语态。一个合适的栖息地被需要。故填 be needed。 8. 【解析】unfair。句意: 克隆它们当中的任何一个将是不公平的。故此处填 unfair。 9. 【解析】Based。be based on以为基础, 此处是过去分词作状语, 故填 based。 10. 【解析】merely。句意: 恐龙回归地球的可能只是一个梦想。merely 仅仅, 只不过。 poach v. 偷猎 evidence n. 证据 suspect v. 怀疑 unpunished adj. 不受惩罚的 8 ineffective adj. 无效的 shortage n. 短缺 depend on 依靠 convince v. 使信服 9