船用金属脚手架培训课程-4.ppt

MARINE METAL SCAFFOLDING COURSE FOR SCAFFOLDERS,DAY 4,第四天,4.1 REQUIRMENTS FOR OUTRIGGERS,舷外支架要求,Outrigger is commonly used to stabilise an independent scaffold if the height to base ratio is more than 3.,Side Elevation 侧视图,Tie,Tie,4.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF ERECTING/DISMANTLING,搭建/拆除脚手架的方法及程序,A. Bird Cage (Erection) 提升吊笼 (垂直) a. Diagonal bracing to the full height of the structure and to each corner of the scaffold in both directions is fixed. 建筑物高处及脚手架拐角处固定对角拉条 b. Bracing must extend to the ground (across the lowest lift). 支撑必须到地面 c. Bracing must be secured to standard with swivel coupler. 支撑必须安全和旋转扣件一致 d. Longitudinal and transverse bracing must be erected according to the regulation. 纵横向支撑必须按规定直放 e. Ladder should be set vertically. 梯子必须竖放,Bird Cage (Erection) 吊笼 (竖直),4.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF ERECTING/DISMANTLING,搭建/拆除脚手架的方法及程序,B. Bird Cage (Dismantling) 提升吊笼 (分解) a. Scaffold should be dismantled in horizontal sections starting from top to bottom. 脚手架应在水平面从上至下分解 b. Tie and braces should be progressively removed. 去掉绳子及背带 c. temporary support should be provided to prevent danger or collapse of scaffold. 提供临时支架以防脚手架发生危险或倒塌 d. No materials should be thrown from height. 勿从高处扔东西,4.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF ERECTING/DISMANTLING,搭建/拆除脚手架的方法及程序,B. Bird Cage (Dismantling) 提升吊笼 (分解) e. Ensure materials to be lowered slowly manually or by mechanical means. 确保手动或机械方式慢放物体 f. Small scaffold components to be placed in containers or canvas bag. 脚手架小部件放入箱内或帆布包内. g. Scaffolding materials should be lowered immediately after dismantling. 分解后脚手架部件应及时放下 h. Ensure good house keeping. 确保安全地方存放,4.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF ERECTING/DISMANTLING,搭建/拆除脚手架的方法及程序,C. Tail End Scaffold (Erection) 尾端脚手架 (垂直) a. Tail end scaffold should be erected according to approved drawing. 尾端脚手架应按图纸竖放 b. Ensure that the propeller and rudder are engaged. 使用推进器及方向舵 c. No pipe to protrude from the propeller. 推进器外无管 d. The 4 mobile trestles are brought down to the stern area, accurately positioned and braced. (Note: Do not place scaffold close to rudder and propeller, cantilever scaffold to be erected). 4个可移动脚手架放在艉部, 正确放置并拉牢. (注: 脚手架不要离方向舵及推进器太近, 悬臂脚手架竖放),4.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF ERECTING/DISMANTLING,搭建/拆除脚手架的方法及程序,C. Tail End Scaffold (Erection) 尾端脚手架 (垂直) e. Extend horizontal tube protruding from existing tower scaffold. 从现有脚手架内伸展水平管 f. Ensure scaffold to be erected at the correct height for repair jobs. 确保脚手架竖放至便于修改的高度 g. Erect ledger tubes below transom. 横梁下竖直管 h. Joint up two sections of protruding tube by tube to form platform skeleton. 用管连接突出管部分形成平台框架 i. Lay plans onto transom and secure them by pre-heated wire. 横梁上放置平面图并用预热线保护,4.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF ERECTING/DISMANTLING,搭建/拆除脚手架的方法及程序,C. Tail End Scaffold (Erection) 尾端脚手架 (垂直) j. Erect access ladder, guard rails and to be board to complete. 通过梯子竖放, 保护横杆 k. Repeat the process until the required height. 反复进行直至达到所需高度 l. Every walkway shall consist of at least two planks width and enclosed by guard rail. 每个人行道至少于两支架宽度一致并与接近防护栏,Tail End Scaffold 尾端脚手架,Tail End Scaffold 尾端脚手架,4.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF ERECTING/DISMANTLING,搭建/拆除脚手架的方法及程序,C. Tail End Scaffold (Dismantling) 尾端脚手架 (分解) a. Scaffold should be dismantled in horizontal sections starting from top to bottom. 脚手架应在水平面从上至下分解 b. Tie and braces should be progressively removed 去掉绳子及支撑 c. No materials should be thrown down from height. 勿从高处扔东西,搭建/拆除脚手架的方法及程序,4.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF ERECTING/DISMANTLING,D. Tail End Scaffold (Dismantling) 尾端脚手架 (分解) d. Small units or fittings being placed in containers or canvas bag. 小部件放入箱内或帆布包内 e. Scaffold materials should be lowered immediately after dismantling 分解后脚手架部件应及时放下 f. Always maintained good house keeping. 确保安全地方存放,4.3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE WORKING IN CONFINED SPACES AND AT HEIGHT,狭窄区域及高空作业谨慎防范,A. Confined Spaces 狭窄区域 a. Definition 定义 A space which has a restricted means of entry and exit, is not intended as a regular work place, may have inadequate ventilation and/or atmosphere which is either contaminated or oxygen deficient. 限制进出的区域, 不经常工作区域, 因受污染或 缺氧而流通不充分,4.3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE WORKING IN CONFINED SPACES AND AT HEIGHT,狭窄区域及高空作业谨慎防范,A. Confined Spaces 狭窄区域 b. Hazards 危险 Presence of toxic and flammable gas 有毒及易燃气体 Oxygen deficiency 缺氧 Falling hazards 坠落 Hit by falling objects 被坠落物打中,4.3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE WORKING IN CONFINED SPACES AND AT HEIGHT,狭窄区域及高空作业谨慎防范,A. Confined Spaces 狭窄区域 c. Precautions 防范 Ensure that the confined space is fit for entry 确保受限区域可进入 Warning signboard on display 显示警告板 Ensure adequate lighting and ventilation 确保足够的照明及通风 Ensure the correct use of personal protective equipment 个人保护设备正确使用 Ensure no unauthorized entry 确保没有未经授权的入口 Ensure that entry permit is obtained 确保获得进入许可 Identification tag must be carried 携带识别码 Gas Detector and torch light must be carried 必须携带气体探测器和手电筒 No horse play 不要在脚手架上嬉闹,4.3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE WORKING IN CONFINED SPACES AND AT HEIGHT,狭窄区域及高空作业谨慎防范,A. Confined Spaces 狭窄区域 c. Precautions 防范 Must have proper co-ordination 必须有适当的协作 No unguarded opening 采取防范措施 Keep access, opening and passage ways cleared 保持通道开放,干净 No incompatible work 无矛盾 Strictly no smoking 严禁吸烟 Identification tag must be displayed outside the confined space before entry 进入受限区域表明识别码 Continuous gas monitoring device must be used throughout the whole duration of work 工作期间必须使用连续气体监测装置,Practical Assignment for Day 4 第四天任务 CARGO SCAFFOLD FOR STEELWORK REPAIR AND BLASTING/PAINTING 钢架维修,喷漆,使用货物脚手架.,MARINE METAL SCAFFOLDING COURSE FOR SCAFFOLDERS,DAY 5,第五天,5.1 INTRODUCTION TO HANGING SCAFFOLD,悬空脚手架介绍,A. What is a Hanging Scaffold? 什么是悬空脚手架? A hanging scaffold is suspended at a fixed height either below load-bearing projecting brackets, beams, structural members or other overhead structures. 悬空脚手架是在承载支架, 横梁, 构件或其他顶上 部结构下悬挂在固定高度上 The suspension may be by tubular members or by lifting gear and wire ropes which are not provided with the means of raising or lowering when in use. 悬挂物可是管状物或上升转动装置和钢缆使用过程中没有提升装置,5.1 INTRODUCTION TO HANGING SCAFFOLD,悬空脚手架介绍,A. When to erect a Hanging Scaffold? 什么时候竖起悬空脚手架 Hanging Scaffolds are commonly used in Ship Repair and construction where it is not possible or impractical to build from the ground. 悬空脚手架在船上维修及建造中使用 Hanging scaffolds are used for a wide variety of applications and should be specially designed and approved by a professional Engineer (P.E) 悬空脚手架被广泛应用,由专家设计并认可,Tying of wire for Hanging Scaffold,悬挂脚手架吊线类型,HANGING SCAFFOLD,Sequence of Erection,悬空脚手架合拢顺序,Fig.1,Lay the two ledgers on the working platform.,平台上设两个横木,Fit and secure the two transoms onto the ledger.,横木上设两根横梁,Fig.2,Fig.3,Fit and secure four 6m long steel wire ropes to the ledgers and transoms.,在横梁与横木交接处系4根6m钢绳,Fig.4,Fit and secure two pieces of metal decking onto the transoms.,上面放两块金属极,Fig.5,Fit and secure two pieces of 1.5m stanchions to the ledgers.,放两个1.5m支柱支撑,Fig.6,Fit and secure two pieces of 2m stanchions to the ledgers.,放两个2m支柱支撑,Fig.7,Fit and secure the top railing to the stanchions.,支柱上放校杆,Fig.8,Turn and rest the base of the scaffold to rest on the pipe on top of the mock-up.,旋转脚手架底部搁在实体上,Fig.9,Adjust and secure the two inner stanchions about 0.5m below the ledger. 调整两内部支柱距横木0.5m. Secure a 6m long nylon rope to the centre of the ledger. 横木中心系6根长尼龙小绳.,Fig.10,Run the steel wire ropes and nylon rope around the pipe onto the mock-up to control the lowering of the scaffold. 实体上管系绕钢绳和尼龙绳,调整脚手架高度.,Fig.11,Anchor safety harness. 锚定安全带 Lower the scaffold to the required position. 放脚手架到合适高度 Adjust and secure the steel wire ropes to the pipe on the mock-up or other strong anchor pionts. 调整钢绳确定固定点,Fig.12,Lower and secure a ladder to the pipe on the mock-up. 实体管上放梯子 Fit and secure one life line on the mock-up. 实体上放救生索,Fig.13,Anchor body harness to the life line and descend to the scaffold. 救生索上固定全身式安全带 Remove the nylon rope. 去掉尼龙圈 Fit and secure the inner intermediate guardrail. 安装内部中间护栏 Secure ladder to the intermediate guardrail. 中间护栏放梯子 Secure ladder to the ledger. 横木上放梯子,Fig.14,Fit and secure the other three intermediate guardrails. 放置并紧固另外三个内部中间护栏,Fig.15,Fit and secure the toe boards. 放置并紧固周边护栏,HANGING SCAFFOLD,Sequence of dismantling,悬空脚手架分解顺序,Fig.1,Anchor body harness to the life line and descend to the hanging scaffold. 救生索上固定全身式安全带,放下悬空脚手架,Fig.2,Dismantle the three pieces of toe boards. 分解三个周边护板,Fig.3,Dismantle the ends and the front intermediate guard rails. 分解中间护栏末端及前端,Fig.4,Secure nylon rope to the ledger. 紧固横板上尼龙绳,Fig.5,Cut away the preheated wire that secure the ladder to the inner intermediate guardrail. 切断梯子与内部中间护栏间预热线 Dismantle the intermediate guard rail. 分解中间护栏 Go up to the working platform. 拉起工作平台,Fig.6,Dismantle the ladder 拆卸梯子,Fig.7,Pull up the scaffold and rest the end onto the piece of the mock-up. 上拉脚手架,安置实体管末端 Anchor Safety Harness. 固定安全带,Fig.8,Dismantle the nylon rope. 拆除尼龙绳 Adjust the two inner stanchions to the same protrusion as the two front stanchions. 调整内部支柱,使前面突出,Fig.9,Set the scaffold upright. 放直脚手架,Fig.10,Dismantle the three guardrails. 拆除三个护板,Fig.11,Dismantle the four stanchions. 拆除四个支柱,Fig.12,Dismantle the two pieces of metal decking. 拆除两个金属板,Fig.13,Remove the four pieces of steel wire ropes. 去除4根钢绳,Fig.14,Dismantle the two transoms from the ledges. 拆除横木上的两根横梁 Lower the remaining scaffold materials. 放下剩余脚手架部件,TO BUILD LOW HANGING SCAFFOLD 建低悬空脚手架 Step 1 :Lower the lowest platform 降低平台最低点,Guard rail 防护栏,Ship side 船边,TO BUILD LOW HANGING SCAFFOLD 建低悬空脚手架 Step 2 :Lower the rest, one by noe 按顺序降低支架,Guard rail 防护栏,Ship side 船边,TO BUILD LONG HANGING SCAFFOLD 建长悬空脚手架 Step 1 :Build individual hanging platforms 建单个悬空平台,Guard rail 防护栏,Ship side 船边,TO BUILD LONG HANGING SCAFFOLD 建长悬空脚手架 Step 1 :Build individual hanging platforms 建单个悬空平台,Guard rail 防护栏,Ship side 船边,5.3 HAZARDS ASSOCIATION WITH HANGING SCAFFOLD AND SAFE ACHORAGE OF HANGING SCAFFOLD,悬空脚手架危险及安全锚地,· Hazards associated with hanging scaffold 悬空脚手架危险, Improve use of PPE-unapproved type of body harness, lifeline& other safety devices, body harness with one lanyard and ineffective anchoring on to lifeline 改进安全带, 救生索及其他安全装置, 系索安全带及救生索上无效锚定 Lack of Supervision-no supervision & ineffective instruction & discussion 无管理及无效指令 Wrong Method & Procedure-stand on unstable platform, usage of wrong size ropes and apply wrong knots. 不稳定平台上错误方法及程序, 使用错误尺寸的绳索及打错节,5.3 HAZARDS ASSOCIATION WITH HANGING SCAFFOLD AND SAFE ACHORAGE OF HANGING SCAFFOLD,· Hazards associated with hanging scaffold 悬空脚手架危险 Incompetent Erector-unqualified erector, improper training and fatigue 不胜任的安装工-资格不够, 训练不当及疲劳 Unguarded opening-open holes, open tween deck, open strings, open crossties 无防备的开口-开孔, 间甲板, 绳索及枕木开 Defective Material-defective tube& fittings, defects wire rope & broken timber board 材料欠缺-管及装置不足, 钢索不足及坏木板,悬空脚手架危险及安全锚地,5.3 HAZARDS ASSOCIATION WITH HANGING SCAFFOLD AND SAFE ACHORAGE OF HANGING SCAFFOLD,· Hazards associated with hanging scaffold 悬空脚手架危险. Unsafe handling of materials-apply wrong knots, throwing materials, overload and taking unsafe position 材料不安全操作- 打结错误, 乱扔材料, 超载及放置不安全区域 Tripping Hazards-Loose materials leave on scaffold and poor housekeeping 危险-松开脚手架上材料及不善于保存 Not compliance with PE Drawing-no drawing provide and no toolbox meeting 和图纸不符-无图提供及无工具箱会议,悬空脚手架危险及安全锚地,5.3 HAZARDS ASSOCIATION WITH HANGING SCAFFOLD AND SAFE ACHORAGE OF HANGING SCAFFOLD,· Hazards associated with hanging scaffold 悬空脚手架危险 Incompatible Work-no work plan to prevent incompatible work and no discussion with other workers 工作不协调-无工作计划防止不调和的工作及与其他工人无沟通 No cordon off/watchman-work under suspended load 悬载物下无阻挡及看守人 Poor coordination-poor communications between topside supply materials group and down side erectors 协调少-甲板上材料供应组与下面安装工沟通少,悬空脚手架危险及安全锚地,5.3 HAZARDS ASSOCIATION WITH HANGING SCAFFOLD AND SAFE ACHORAGE OF HANGING SCAFFOLD,· Hazards associated with hanging scaffold 悬空脚手架危险 Improper construction of hanging scaffold-unguarded scaffold, defective ladder, unfenced opening, no toe boards provided, poor lighting and ventilation in cargo hold. 悬空脚手架不适当建筑-无防备的脚手架, 梯子不足, 无防备 的开口, 货舱照明及通风不足,悬空脚手架危险及安全锚地,5.3 HAZARDS ASSOCIATION WITH HANGING SCAFFOLD AND SAFE ACHORAGE OF HANGING SCAFFOLD,· Safe Anchorage of hanging scaffold 悬空脚手架安全锚地 Competent erector-qualified erector who had gone through proper training 胜任的安装工-受过培训的有资质的安装工 Barrication-barricade all opening e.g. hole, tween deck, stringer, walkway 障碍-清除路障 如孔, 间甲板, 纵梁, 人行道 Safe& sound Materials-tube& fittings are free from pinholes, defects and deform. Wire ropes are free from broken, damage, split and worn 材料安全及充分-管及装置不在孔内, 无缺失及变形. 钢索无损坏, 裂口及破旧,悬空脚手架危险及安全锚地,5.3 HAZARDS ASSOCIATION WITH HANGING SCAFFOLD AND SAFE ACHORAGE OF HANGING SCAFFOLD,· Safe Anchorage of hanging scaffold 悬空脚手架安全锚地 Proper use of PPE-use approved type of body harness and fall erector. Use at least one lanyard hooked at all times. Anchor lanyard or lifeline at right and strong point without any free end. Anchor effectively to prevent from person fall with impact of more than 1.5M 正确使用安全防护装置-使用全身式安全带及安装工. 至少使用一个系索钩. 正确固定 系索及救身索. 以防在1.5米以上坠落 Correct Method and Procedure-erect according to PE drawings, find a firm place to stand and use correct size of wire rope and free from defect or deform. 正确方法及程序-根据图纸竖放, 选择固定地点并正确使用钢索尺寸, 减少缺点及变形,悬空脚手架危险及安全锚地,5.3 HAZARDS ASSOCIATION WITH HANGING SCAFFOLD AND SAFE ACHORAGE OF HANGING SCAFFOLD,· Safe Anchorage of hanging scaffold 悬空脚手架安全锚地 Supervision-inspect the place and surrounding area, plan methods and procedure, organize toolbox meeting and discussion, ensure subordinates safety gear are in good conditions, clarity role of each member in the group on procedure and safety aspect 监管-检查地点及周围