【K12配套】课标通用甘肃省2019年中考数学总复习优化设计考点强化练3分式.docx

精选word文档 下载可打印编辑考点强化练3分式基础达标一、选择题1.若分式x-1x+2的值为0,则()A.x=-2B.x=0C.x=1D.x=1或x=-2答案C2.(易错题)下列运算错误的是()A.(a-b)2(b-a)2=1B.-a-ba+b=-1C.0.5a+b0.2a-0.3b=5a+10b2a-3bD.a-ba+b=b-ab+a答案D3.(2018江西)计算(-a)2·ba2的结果为()A.bB.-bC.abD.ba答案A4.(2017辽宁大连)计算3x(x-1)2-3(x-1)2的结果是()A.x(x-1)2B.1x-1C.3x-1D.3x+1答案C二、填空题5.化简:x2-1x+x+1x=. 答案x+16.计算:aa+b+2ba+b×aa+2b=. 答案aa+b7.如图所示,图1是一个边长为a的正方形剪去一个边长为1的小正方形,图2是一个边长为(a-1)的正方形,记图1,图2中阴影部分的面积分别为S1,S2,则S1S2可化简为. 答案a+1a-1三、解答题8.化简:m2n+mn22m2n2.解m2n+mn22m2n2=mn(m+n)mn·2mn=m+n2mn.9.化简:1+1a-1÷aa2-2a+1.解原式=aa-1·(a-1)2a=a-1.10.(易错题)先化简,再求值:3x+1-x+1÷x2+4x+4x+1,其中x=2-2.解原式=3x+1-(x+1)(x-1)x+1·x+1(x+2)2=-(x+2)(x-2)x+1·x+1(x+2)2=2-xx+2当x=2-2时,原式=2-xx+2=2-2+22-2+2=4-22=22-1.11.化简分式:x2-2xx2-4x+4-3x-2÷x-3x2-4,并从1,2,3,4这四个数中取一个合适的数作为x的值代入求值.解x2-2xx2-4x+4-3x-2÷x-3x2-4=x(x-2)(x-2)2-3x-2÷x-3x2-4=xx-2-3x-2÷x-3x2-4=x-3x-2×(x+2)(x-2)x-3=x+2,x2-40,x-30,x2且x-2且x3,可取x=1代入,原式=3.(或可取x=4代入,原式=6)导学号13814025能力提升一、选择题1.(2018浙江金华)若分式x-3x+3的值为0,则x的值为()A.3B.-3C.3或-3D.0答案A2.(易错题)化简a2+2ab+b2a2-b2-ba-b的结果是()A.aa-bB.ba-bC.aa+bD.ba+b答案A3.如图所示,将形状、大小完全相同的“”和线段按照一定规律摆成下列图形,第1幅图形中“”的个数为a1,第2幅图形中“”的个数为a2,第3幅图形中“”的个数为a3,以此类推,则1a1+1a2+1a3+1a19的值为()A.2021B.6184C.589840D.421760答案C解析a1=3=1×3,a2=8=2×4,a3=15=3×5,a4=24=4×6,an=n(n+2);1a1+1a2+1a3+1a19=11×3+12×4+13×5+14×6+119×21=12(1-13+12-14+13-15+14-16+119-121)=12(1+12-120-121)=589840,故选C.4.(2018云南)已知x+1x=6,则x2+1x2=()A.38B.36C.34D.32答案C解析把x+1x=6两边平方得:x+1x2=x2+1x2+2=36,则x2+1x2=34,故选C.5.(2018湖北孝感)已知x+y=43,x-y=3,则式子x-y+4xyx-yx+y-4xyx+y的值是()A.48B.123C.16D.12答案D解析x-y+4xyx-yx+y-4xyx+y=(x-y)2+4xyx-y·(x+y)2-4xyx+y=(x+y)2x-y·(x-y)2x+y=(x+y)(x-y),当x+y=43,x-y=3时,原式=43×3=12,故选D.二、填空题6.a,b互为倒数,代数式a2+2ab+b2a+b÷1a+1b的值为. 答案1解析a2+2ab+b2a+b÷1a+1b=(a+b)2a+b÷a+bab=(a+b)·aba+b=ab.又a,b互为倒数,ab=1.7.若实数x满足x2-22x-1=0,则x2+1x2=. 答案10解析x2-22x-1=0,x-22-1x=0,x-1x=22,x-1x2=8,即x2-2+1x2=8,x2+1x2=10.三、解答题8.(预测)先化简,再求值:xx-3-1x-3÷x2-1x2-6x+9,其中x满足2x+4=0.解原式=x-1x-3·(x-3)2(x+1)(x-1)=x-3x+1,由2x+4=0,得到x=-2,则原式=x-3x+1=5.9.(2017青海西宁)先化简,再求值:n2n-m-m-n÷m2,其中m-n=2.解原式=n2n-m-(m+n)·1m2=n2-n2+m2n-m·1m2=1n-m,m-n=2,n-m=-2,原式=1n-m=1-2=-22.10.(预测)先化简1-1x-1÷x2-4x+4x2-1,再从不等式2x-1<6的正整数解中选一个适当的数代入求值.解1-1x-1÷x2-4x+4x2-1=x-2x-1×(x+1)(x-1)(x-2)2=x+1x-2,2x-1<6,2x<7,x<72,正整数解为1,2,3,当x=1或x=2时,原式都无意义,x=3,把x=3代入原式得:原式=x+1x-2=3+13-2=4.导学号1381402611.先化简,再求值:(x-1)÷2x+1-1,其中x为方程x2+3x+2=0的根.解原式=(x-1)÷2-x-1x+1=(x-1)÷1-xx+1=(x-1)×x+11-x=-x-1.由x为方程x2+3x+2=0的根,解得x=-1或x=-2.当x=-1时,原式无意义,所以x=-1舍去;当x=-2时,原式=-(-2)-1=2-1=1.6