英语四级听力2004-04-221.ppt

English Listening Comprehension for Band Four,English Listening Comprehension for Band Four,听力的重要性,英国著名的语言 学家 DJones 认为， 只有具备了良好的听 力，才能学好语言， 听力训练即是养成听力记忆，而听力记忆完全可以通过训练来培养。,内容纲要,1 打好扎实基本功 2 具备基本技能 3 听力应试技巧 4 注意事项 5 考前准备,1 打好扎实基本功,1.1 元音与辅音 i i: seat，sit meat，mitt s 及 l r 双唇 m p b ,1.2 数字 1.2.1 单词表示数字 (1) single, double，couple， score，dozen (2) anniversary, decade， century，millennium (3) fortnight，overnight 1.2.2 近音、近形数字的辨认 seven five teen eleven twelve ty Eg: 415 fifth street 514 Fourth street,1.2.3 音、形不同 11:45: quarter to twelve eleven forty-five 2:30：two thirty / half past two 前天：the day before yesterday, two days ago 后天：the day after tomorrow / two days later 天天、每天：day by day, each day from day to day 推后一星期：this day week, today week a week day, after a week 两星期：fortnight / period of two weeks 前几天，数天前：the other day a few days ago,1.2.4 熟悉常见数字的读法 (1) 百位数：416 千位数：9743 多位数：198572412 (2) 电话号码：55-2347 1333222444 triple (3) 1990年 2000年 2010 年 (4) 20世纪80年代（1980s）（2010s) 685 B.C. A.D. (5) May 1st：May first / the first of May (6) 10:10， 10:45，24:00，9:15,2 具备基本技能 2.1 积累习惯用语与表达 习语： at the top of the ladder/tree 名列前茅 back out 食言；变卦 beyond (all) question 毫无疑问；无可争辨 bird in the bush 未到手的东西,未定局的事情 booked up 没空；有约会； （戏票等）已被预定一空 burn the midnight oil 开夜车；工作到深夜 check in 登记；报到 check out 付帐后离开 check off/over/out sth 检验；复核 close/shut ones eye to 无视；对置之不理,call it a day 今天就这样算了； 就干到这里为止 come about 发生 down on ones luck 倒霉；不走运 draw ones time (被迫地)辞去工作 dying for 渴望；非常想 eat ones words 收回前言;认错道歉(不是“食言”) fall behind 落后；跟不上 far be it from me 我决不认；我决不想要 for the time being 暂时；眼下 get into hot water 陷入困境 get off the ground 开始很顺利；取得进展 give sb the green light 允许（某人）做某事 have other fish to fry 另外有事要做,别有要事,make a point of doing sth 坚持做某事； 决心做某事 make believe 装作；假装 nine times out of ten 十有八九;通常;多半 put ones foot in ones mouth 说错话；做错事 ring a bell 使想起(某事); 听起来觉得耳熟 sleep like a log/top 睡得很熟；酣睡 song and dance 枯燥无味的废话 turn/give the cold shoulder on 疏远某人；冷淡某人 too clever by half (讽刺用)过分聪明 up the wall 十分烦躁；非常恼火 white away 混时间；浪费时间 lay sb off (临时)解雇,2.2 形式肯定意义否定的表达形式 Eg: He is the last person I want to see. Buying a car is beyond my means. If it were cooler, Out of the question, 2.2.1 比较级和最高级形式 Im wiser than to believe that. The child was more frightened than hurt. The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. 2.2.2 采用某些动词或动词词组表示否定意义 give up doing miss doing 2.2.3 否定+比较级 表肯定 Eg：I cant agree with you more 肯定意义最高级,2.2.4 采用虚拟句表示否定 How nice it would be if you would stay a bit longer. If I had left a little longer, I would have caught the train. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 区别： What if ？ If only ! Only if . 2.2.5 采用动词expect, think, hope的过去或过去完成 时后接不定式或宾语从句表示否定 I thought to finish the letter before 10. 我原来打算的,2.2.6 采用某些形容词短语表示否定意义 He is ignorant of conditions at the lower level 他不了解下情 Short of tools, we made our own. 2.2.7 采用某些介词短语表示否定意义 Instead of, out of repair, except, beyond, out of the question 2.2.8 情态动词should, ought to + have done need have done 2.2.9 Anything but和before(动词)表示否定意义 You mother bears anything but receiving the news. 听到这个消息，你母亲会受不了的。 2.2.10 tooto与toofor You are driving too fast for safety. 你开车太快，不安全,2.3 否定形式表肯定 2.3.1 Cant be too + adj + to do sth. 2.3.2 Cant wait to do sth. 2.4 注意比较与选择的句型 2.4.1 prefer A toB/prefer(would like) rather than /would rather than 2.4.2 not so as 不及，不如 nowhere as as 不及，不如 2.4.3 最高级表even之意 (Even)the best woman will blunder sometimes.,2.4.4 the last =the least likely Eg: He is the last person to do the thing. 2.4.5 not the less=none the less同样、也 Eg: I dont love him the less for his faultsHe has faults, but I love him none the less. 2.4.6 Not so much A as B=less A than B=More B than ANot A, but rather B 与其A，毋宁B/宁愿为B而不为A Eg: Hes not so much a scholar as a writer=He is more of a writer than a scholarHe is a writer rather than a scholar 2.4.7 other than I borrowed some books other than novels. 我借了几本书，却不是小说,2.5 对听力测试内容背景知识做到心中有数 2.5.1 人物关系 (key words, key phrases) (1)教师与学生(Teacher and student) (2)学生与学生(Classmates/roommates/schoolmates) (3)图书管理员与学生（Librarian and student） (4)营业员与顾客(Shop assistant and customer/shopper） (5)饭店侍者与顾客(Waiter/waitress and customer) (6)医生与病人(Doctor and patient) (7)出租车司机与乘客(Taxi driver and passenger),2.5.1.1 有关教师与学生的常用词和词组 scholarship，tuition，school record, report card，credits，oral examination / test， Written registration，freshman，sophomore， junior,senior,graduate student,postgraduate， doctorate student,required/compulsory course，optional/elective course，to quit school，to drop out，quiz，mid-term exam final exam，entrance exam，term paper， make-up exam,2.5.1.2 学生与学生关系的常用词和词组 band，Students' Union，Student Center，Gymnasium，cheer/cheering squad, rooters,cheerleader， football/basketball/volleyball， Homecoming，alum, alumnus, alumna， sports meet，dormitory，teaching building，absent from school 2.5.1.3 图书管理员与学生关系的常用词和词组 magazine，periodical，fiction, novel， reading room，library card，library catalogue，loan desk，journal， reference book，stacks，author'，writer shelves，to renew,2.5.1.4 营业员与顾客关系的常用词和词组 on sale，bargain, steal，auction, sale，prices are soaring，make ends meet，out of style，fashion，ready-made，sweater，high-heeled shoes，flat shoes，pajamas，gown, underwears，undershirts，shorts，leather，plastic，fabric，cotton，silk，woolen，pattern, jeans, tip, cash or charge? Are you done? department store, Lady's Department, Cashier，supermarket，daily necessities，check-out stand，receipt，electric shop，color TV，washing machine, washer，refrigerator, fridge，electric fan 2.5.1.5 饭店侍者与顾客关系的词和词组 seasoning，soy sauce，vinegar，menu，steaks，pork chops，ham，pudding，sausage，dessert，soup，cocktail，tray，paper napkin,2.5.1.6 医生和病人关系的词和词组 hospital register's office，out-patient department，emergency department，medical department，surgical department，operation room，inpatient department，wards，physician，surgeon，doctor of Chinese medicine，dispensary, drugstore, pharmacy，high blood pressure, hypertension，indigestion，pneumonia，cancer, ulcer, hepatitis, TB (tuberculosis)，Burns，Strain，itch, itchy，sleeplessness, insomnia，to suffer from，to inoculate，to give first-aid treatment, to be operated on，to give an injection，stethoscope，gauze，first-aid kit,2.5.2 地点与方向（place and Direction） Hotel: reception, vacant beds, single room, double room, book a room, bath, lavatory, occupy a room, full, front desk, porter, tip Library: borrow, lend, latest issue, card, catalogue, call number, due, over-due, fine, novel, renew, fiction, magazine, bookshelf Meeting: for (支持), against (反对), proposal, report, speech，suggest, disagree, agree, decide, point out, argue chairman, conclusion Post office: mail, post, postage, stamp, parcel, telegram urgent cable, airmail, registered letter, money order,Restaurant: reservation, bar, order, soft drink, dessert, salad soup, menu, bread, potato, tomato, tablesalt, roast beef, meat, mutton, chicken, fry, pie, cake, I'm full, bill, waiter, waitress, go Dutch Store: size, colour, style, price, cost, cheap, What can I do for you? How much does it cost? fashion, expensive, counter, department, check out, brand, fresh, cash, pay, shop girl, assistant School: department, Bachelor's degree, Master's degree, Doctor's degree, Campus, lecture, dormitory, semester, term, playground, dining-hall, swimming-pool, courses, foreign language, gym, midterm exam, final exam, clinic, professor, assistant, lecturer, lab, test, required courses, elective courses, credit hour,Bank: draw on one's account (开户), pay interest on ., open an account, interest rate, Foreign Exchange Certificate, RMB, fixed deposit (定期存款), current account (活期存款帐户), bank clerk Barber's: haircut, hairstyle, hairdresser, shave, moustache, beard, spray, shampoo The Customs House: pay duty on , duty free (免税), free of charge, fill in the form Dance: disco, dance with, have a ball, party, May I have the pleasure of next dance? Hospital: pain, cough, fever, a headache, stomachache, temperature, heart, lung, blood-pressure, take medicine, pills, tablet,2.5.3 掌握常用的国家名和城市名称 Washington, Seattle, San Francisco, New York, Los Angeles, Huston, Detroit, Dalias, Chicago, Boston, London, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, California, Mississippi, Florida, Texas, Alaska, USA, UK, USSR, Russia, Brazil, Sweden, Spain, France, Poland, Canada, Austria, Denmark, Australia, Finland, Africa, Europe, Asia, Japan, Italy, Norway. 注意up与down的方向性,2.5.4 态度与反应 2.5.4.1 解态度与反应类题的步骤 （1）迅速看完考题的四个选择项，找出与人的 情绪或事物性质有联系的关键词（它们多 为形容词）。 （2）听录音内容时注意语调变化，缩小期待的 范围，提前预期第三个声音有可能提出的 问题（以How, what提问为多）。 （3）掌握与态度和反应有关的词汇，并了解第 三个声音在此类题中的形式。,2.5.4.2 关键词 Attitude，Response，Agreement，Disagreement，disapproval，belief，disbelief，disgust，complaining，encouragement，good wishes，gratitude，interest，optimism，pessimism，sympathy，fear，annoyance，apology，compliment，congratulation，curiosity，disappointment，dismay，excitement，hesitation，permission，surprise，warning,2.5.5 计划与行动(Plan and Action) （1）谁做什么？辩别出动作的执行者与承受者 （2）谁让谁做？使役动词： have / get / let /make/ 注意have sth done make oneself done （3）选择做什么？ A提出计划或行动 B接受提出另一计划,Eg:You will hear: M: Would you rather eat at home or go out tonight? W: I'd rather go out, but I dont mind fixing supper at home if you'd rather not go. Q: What does the woman want to do? You will read: a. She wants to fix supper. b. She wants to stay at home. c. She is not hungry. d. She wants to go out. 注意句型：重点转移 Id rather do but Id like to dobut Eg: Hed rather die than give up. Hed rather die but he cant die in this way.,2.5.6 对以下场景对号入座 (1)时间 (2)数字 (3)身份 (4)地点 (5)打电话 (6)天气 (7)问路 (9)工作 (8)饭店及食品 (10)书籍 (11)学习 (12)健康 (13)购物与租房 (14)文化娱乐活动 (16)家庭生活等等 (15)体育活动和外出旅游,3 听力应试技巧 3.1 细微处获得信息 3.1.1 从答案中获得信息 Key word: adj, adv, n, v Important word: and, but, though, however, etc (关联或转折),3.1.2 不同语气，语调与句式的内涵 (1)虚拟与事实相反 (2)thinkthought的事实相反 (3)“陈述句升调（怀疑，疑问） (4)否定句升调（肯定） (5)祈使句（礼貌） (6)特殊疑问句升调(责备,厌烦或欣赏对方的提议) （具体情况来定） (7)注意对would you mind doing ? Yes与Nor回答 3.1.3 短文中注意段落首句与尾句 多为topic sentence,首句多为文章的核心，尾句多为整段的归纳与总结,3.2 对话解题技巧 3.2.1 注意对话的环境和交流的信息(environment） 3.2.2 弄清对话的意图，（intention） (情景与语意整体理解) 注意语境、语义、语调、推断意图 3.2.3 把握第三者的提问（Questions） 多围绕第二人的话语展开，听清第二人的说话内容 很重要 3.2.4 善于预测问题 注意对话内容，提出的问题及书面答案的选项之间 的关系 抢时间扫视选项,利用时间空隙做出判断本题答案,推 测下一题 3.2.5 听到什么不选什么,3.3 短文解题技巧 3.3.1 利用Direction的时间预测短文内容（快速的阅读能力） 3.3.2 捕捉四个选项的不同点，注意选项中反复出现的实词 3.3.3 抓主题句，在开头或结尾，偶尔在中间 3.3.4 边听边记录(策略:长词短写、首字母符号、中英文均可) 3.3.5 听清所问的问题 3.3.6 注意语句间的关联与转折 3.3.7 听力、阅读、比较、判断相结合 3.3.8 答案往往是听到什么选什么(未听问题便知答案) (1)排除(2)比较(3)推断,3.4 听力填空解题技巧 语音知识与辨音能力有密切的关系 3.4.1 同音词辨别（同音异义词） Eg： flour flower meat meet right write 3.4.2 近音词辨别（读音相近或相似） abroad aboard cloud crowd letter ladder sick thick writer rider,3.4.3 连读现象: /辅/+/元/,/r/+/元/ Eg：an apple there is there are 2.4.4 失爆：爆破/鼻（爆破） a big bag a big moon 3.4.5 虚词弱读现象 And to some for,3.4.6 变音 /t/+/j/，/d/+/j/ 3.4.7 失音：/辅/+/h/+/元/及factory、dormitory等（/h/失） 3.4.8 同词不同音（英美英不同） Eg：tomato, renaisance interest, dance等,4 注意事项,4.1 抢时间阅读短文 4.2 单词首字母大写 4.3 注意语法 4.4 长词短写,5 考 前 准 备,5.1 词汇量提前两个学期着手 5.2 每天听音,Wish you successful!,Thanks for your Attention,