化学工艺学小组作业 三菱化工生产工艺及流程.ppt

生产工艺及流程,11033304 韩明鼎,目录 1、导电塑料的分类及介绍 2、导电塑料的工艺流程 3、国内导电塑料发展中存在的问题,主要产品：功能材料和塑料产品,功能塑料是一种具有可塑性的人造高分子有机化合物树脂，功能性很广泛。 Functional plastics is a kind of resilient synthetic polymer organic compound resin, functionality is very broad.,导电塑料是将树脂和导电物质混合，用塑料的加工方式进行加工的功能型高分子材料。主要应用于电子、集成电路包装、电磁波屏蔽等领域。 Conductive plastics is a mixture of resin and conductive material, plastic processing way to carry on the processing of functional polymer materials. Mainly used in electronics, integrated circuit packaging, electromagnetic shielding, etc.,磁性塑料是七十年代发展起来的一种新型高分子功能材料，是现代科学技术领域的重要基础材料之一。 磁性塑料按组成可分为结构型和复合型两种，结构型磁性塑料是指聚合物本身具有强磁性的磁体；复合型磁性塑料是指以塑料或橡胶为粘合剂与磁性粉末混合粘接加工而制成的磁体。 Magnetic plastics are developed in the seventy s, a new kind of functional materials, polymer is one of the important basic materials in the field of modern science and technology. Magnetic plastic according to the composition can be divided into structural and compound two kinds, structured magnetic plastic refers to the polymer itself has strong magnetic magnet; Composite magnetic plastic refers to plastic or rubber for adhesive glue mixed with magnetic powder processing made of the magnets.,复合型磁性塑料主要由树脂及磁粉构成，树脂起粘接作用，磁粉是磁性的来源。用于填充的磁粉主要是铁氧体磁粉和稀土永磁粉。 Composite magnetic plastics is made up of resin and magnetic powder, resin adhesive effect, magnetic powder is the source of magnetism. Used to populate the magnetic powder is mainly ferrite powder and rare earth permanent magnet powder,复合型磁性塑料按照磁特性又可分为两大类：一类是磁性粒子的易磁化方向是杂乱无章排列的，称为各向同性磁性塑料，性能较低，通常由钡铁氧体作为磁性材料。另一类是在加工过程中通过外加磁场或机械力，使磁粉的易磁化方向顺序排列，称作各向异性磁性塑料，使用较多的是锶铁氧体磁性塑料。 Composite magnetic plastic according to the magnetic properties and can be divided into two categories: one kind is easy magnetization direction of the magnetic particles is desultorily, called isotropic magnetic plastics, performance is low, usually by barium ferrite as magnetic materials. Another kind is in the process of processing through additional magnetic field and mechanical force, make the easy magnetization direction of the magnetic powder order, called anisotropic magnetic plastic, use more strontium ferrite magnetic plastics.,磁性塑料的主要优点是：密度小、耐冲击强度大，可进行切割、切削、钻孔、焊接、层压和压花纹等加工，使用时不会发生碎裂，它可采用一般塑料通用的加工方法（如注射、模压、挤出等）进行加工，可加工成尺寸精度高、薄壁、复杂形状的制品，可成型带嵌件制品，实现电磁设备的小型化、轻量化、精密化和高性能化。 磁性塑料的用途：音像器材，家用电器，计算机及办公用品，机械行业用品，汽车工业用品。,按照电性能分类，可分为：绝缘体、防静电体、导电体、高导体。 According to the electrical classification, can be divided into: insulation, anti-static, conductive, high conductor. 按导电塑料的制作方法分类，可分为结构型导电塑料和复合型导电塑料。 According to the classification of methods of producing conductive plastic, conductive can be divided into structural conductive plastics and plastic.,结构型导电塑料又称本征型导电塑料，是指本身具有导电性或经化学改性后具有导电性的塑料。 Structural eigen type conductive plastic, conductive plastic, also known as refers to itself has conductivity or after chemical modification with conductive plastic.,复合型导电塑料是指在塑料基体中加入导电材料，通过分散复合，层积复合等不同的方式加工而成的一种复合材料。 Conductive plastics is to point to add conductive material in the plastic substrate, by dispersing compound, laminated composite and other different ways of processing and become a kind of composite material 主要填充材料：,金属分散系,炭黑系,有机络合物分散系,目前碳黑复合型导电塑料是最常见、应用最广泛的一种导电塑料。其导电性能与所用碳黑的粒度、结构、品种、吸油值、孔隙率，及填充量的诸多因素有关。 The conductive carbon black plastic is one of the most common and most widely used conductive plastics. Its electric conductivity and the particle size of carbon black used, structure, varieties, oil absorption value, porosity and the higher the conductivity.,导电碳黑的品种主要有乙炔碳黑、导电碳黑、超导碳黑及特导碳黑等。除了乙炔碳黑是以乙炔气体为原料外，其他的都是以油为原料. 导电碳黑的共同特点是：表面积大、表面粗糙度大、粒度小、碳成分和挥发份较低，并且具有很高的导电率。 Varieties are mainly of conductive carbon black acetylene carbon black, conductive carbon black, superconductive carbon black and carbon black, etc. In addition to acetylene carbon black is the acetylene gas as raw material, the other is based on oil as a raw material,金属填充型导电塑料是以塑料为基体，将金属粉末、金属纤维、金属箔等导电填料，通过密炼机或双螺杆挤出机混炼后得到的一种导电塑料. 特点：性能稳定、加工工艺简单可控、安全性高等优点 Metal filled conductive plastics based on plastic substrate, the metal powder, metal fiber, metal foil, such as conductive fillers, through mixer or twin screw extruder mixed after a conductive plastic. Features: stable performance, simple processing advantages of controllable and high security,导电塑料的应用,防静电、电磁屏蔽、配线材料,塑料芯片,显示设备,便携电源,纳米电缆,机器人、生命科学领域,复合型导电塑料的生产工艺流程,PVC: 聚氯乙烯是一种使用一个氯原子取代聚乙烯中的一个氢原子的高分子材料 Pvc, polyvinyl chloride is a kind of the use of a chlorine atom instead of a hydrogen atom in polyethylene polymer materials 稳定剂：能增加溶液、胶体、固体、混合物的稳定性能化学物都叫稳定剂。它可以减慢反应，保持化学平衡，降低表面张力,防止光、热分解或氧化分解等作用 Stabilizer: can increase the mixture solution, colloid, solid, stable performance chemicals called stabilizers. It can slow reaction, chemical balance, reduce the surface tension, prevent light, thermal decomposition and oxidation decomposition effect,塑化剂（英语：Plasticizer），或称增塑剂、可塑剂，是一种增加材料的柔软性或是材料液化的添加剂。其添加对象包含了塑胶、混凝土、干壁材料、水泥与石膏等等。 Plasticizer , or the Plasticizer, Plasticizer, is a kind of softness or increase material liquid additives. Add object contains a plastic, concrete, dry wall material, cement and plaster, and so on. CPE：氯化聚乙烯（CPE）为饱和高分子材料，外观为白色粉末，无毒无味，具有优良的耐侯性、耐臭氧、耐化学药品及耐老化性能，具有良好的耐油性、阻燃性及着色性能。 CPE, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) as the saturated polymer material, appearance is white powder, non-toxic tasteless, has excellent weathering resistance, ozone resistance, chemical resistance and aging resistance, good oil resistance, flame retardancy and shading performance.,国内导电塑料总体市场现状,经过数十年的发展，我国导电塑料行业已逐渐形成了一个比较完整的产业链。据不完全统计，目前国内现有导电塑料生产企业有近百家，各企业间的技术水平参差不齐差别很大。其中，浙江、上海、广东等地区是我国最大的导电塑料生产区域。这些地区总体实力比较强，拥有一批管理经营水平较高有一定品牌知名度的规模较大的企业，如深圳市飞荣达科技股份有限公司、湖南惠同新材料股份有限公司、浙江三和塑料有限公司等。,我国导电塑料市场发展中存在的问题 1、 生产技术和生产规模有待提高 目前我国这方面科研滞后，人才和技术储备不足，已成为国内导电塑料业最大的制约因素。国内目前只有北京化工研究所、中山大学、中国科学院、成都科技大学等少数科研院所和高校对导电纤维填充导电高分子材料展开了研究，但均没有成熟工业产品出现。缺乏科技强有力的支撑的国内导电塑料业，在与国外对手竞争中，还远远谈不上拥有自己的核心竞争力。,2、 产品竞争优势有待提高 导电塑料作为一种新产品尚未完全被消费者真正认识和接受。一种新产品要进入市场，被消费者所了解和接纳，需要一个过程。虽然导电塑料在能源、信息、电子领域应用较多，但其自身华师存在一些问题影响其普及。如产品合格率不稳定、质量有欠缺，产品品种不能完全满足下游额要求。另外，导电塑料的综合能耗高，导致其生产成本居高不下，也在很大程度上影响了导电塑料的市场竞争力影响了导电塑料产品的推广和普及。,