1、Unit 6 A French FourthThemainconcernThechallengeofraisingexpatriatedchildren.Thecostsandbenefitsoflivinginaforeignculture.Theinfluenceofcultureglobalization.TheauthorCharlesTrueheartisacorrespondentfortheWashington PostbasedinParis.someone who lives in a foreign country Independence DayIndependence
2、DayAnannualeventcommemoratingtheanniversaryofanationsassumptionofindependentstatehood,usuallyafterceasingtobeacolonyorpartofanothernationorstate.Independence Day of USAIndependence Day of USATheFourthofJulyAfederalholidaycommemoratingtheadoptionoftheDeclaration of IndependenceonJuly4,1776Activitieso
3、nThisDayFireworks,parades,barbecues,carnivals,fairs,picnics,concerts,baseballgames,familyreunions,politicalspeechesandceremoniesIndependenceDayisthenationaldayoftheUnitedStatesIndependenceDay On July 4,2006:TheUnitedStatesofAmericacelebrates230thyearsinceIndependence.AllAmericansareentitledtoIndepen
4、denceDayoffwork-althoughsomepeoplehavetowork.(likepolicemenandfiremen).A Family Daywithpicnics,barbecues,fireworks,parades,tocelebrateindependenceandfreedom.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?by Kim Moonby Kim MoonMostpeopleintheUnitedStatescelebratethe4thofJuly,
5、butdoyouknowexactlywhytheholidayissoimportanttoourcountry?Imaginehowyouwouldfeelifsomeoneolderthanyou(maybeanoldersisterorbrother)kepttellingyouwhattodoallofthetimeandkepttakingmoreandmoreofyourallowance.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Thatishowthecolonistsfel
6、tintheyearsleadingupto1776.GreatBritainkepttryingtomakethecolonistsfollowmorerulesandpayhighertaxes.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Peoplestartedgettingmadandbeganmakingplanstobeabletomaketheirownrules.TheynolongerwantedGreatBritaintobeabletotellthemwhattodo,s
7、otheydecidedtotellGreatBritainthattheywerebecominganindependentcountry.(To be independent means to take care of yourself,making your own rules and providing for your own needs.)Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?TheCongressmetinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvaniaandtheyapp
8、ointedacommittee(agroupofpeopleworkingtogethertodoaspecificjob)towriteaformaldocumentthatwouldtellGreatBritainthattheAmericanshaddecidedtogovernthemselves.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?ThecommitteeaskedThomas Jeffersontowriteadraft(firsttry)ofthedocument,soh
9、eworkedfordays,inabsolutesecret,untilhehadwrittenadocumentthathethoughtsaideverythingimportantthatthecommitteehaddiscussed.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?OnJune28,1776,thecommitteemettoreadJeffersonsfaircopy(heputhisbestideastogetherandwrotethemneatly.)Theyre
10、vised(madesomechanges)thedocumentanddeclaredtheirindependenceonJuly2,1776.Theyofficiallyadoptedit(madeittheirs)onJuly4,1776.ThatiswhywecallitIndependenceDay.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?CongressorderedthatallmembersmustsigntheDeclaration of Independenceandt
11、heyallbegansigningtheofficialcopyonAugust2,1776.InJanuaryofthenextyear,Congresssentsignedcopiestoallofthestates.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?The Declaration of Independenceismorethanjustapieceofpaper.Itisasymbolofourcountrysindependenceandcommitmenttocertai
12、nideas.Asymbolissomethingthatstandsforsomethingelse.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?MostpeoplecanlookatacertainlittleswooshandknowthatitstandsforNike.Well,thesignersoftheDeclarationofIndependencewantedthecitizensoftheUnitedStatestohaveadocumentthatspelledoutwh
13、atwasimportanttoourleadersandcitizens.TheywantedustobeabletolookattheDeclarationofIndependenceandimmediatelythinkofthegoalsweshouldalwaysbeworkingfor,andaboutthepeoplewhohavefoughtsohardtomaketheseideaspossible.Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebra
14、te the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?ThepeoplewhosignedtheDeclarationriskedbeinghangedfortreasonbytheleadersinGreatBritain.Theyhadtobeverybravetosignsomethingthatwouldbeconsideredacrime!Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Why do we celebrate the 4th of July?Soeverytimewelookatthe D
15、eclaration of Independence,weshouldthinkaboutalloftheeffortandideasthatwentintothedocument,andaboutthecourageittookforthesepeopletostandupforwhattheyknewwasright-independence!Symbols of the USASymbols of the USATheStarsandStripes(theUSflag),TheGreatSealoftheUSA,Thebaldeagle(thenationalbird),TheWashi
16、ngtonMonument,TheLincolnMemorial,TheUSCapitol,TheWhiteHouse,IndependenceHall,TheStatueofLiberty(agiftfromFrance),Mount RushmoreSymbols of the USASymbols of the USATheStarSpangledBanner,YankeeDoodle,UncleSam,TheVietnamVeteransMemorial,TheJeffersonMemorialStructureAnalysisTheinfluenceofaforeignculture
17、onexpatriatedfamilies.PartI(1-3):AwayofcelebratinghishomecountrysNationalDay;PartII(4-9):Acontrastiveanalysisofthecostsandbenefitsoftheexpatriatedpeople;PartIII(10-12):Theeffectofglobalization.DetailedreadingPartIparagraph 1-3HecelebratedhisnationalDayinanothercountryhanginganoldflagfromafourth-floo
18、rbalcony.Hethenremindspeoplelikehimoftheirnativecountryandculture.ComprensionWhydoestheauthorhangtheAmericanflagfromhisfourth-floorbalconyinParis?(Paragraph1)Hedoesitfortwo reasons.ComprensionTheauthorhaskepttheoldflagforalongtime.Whydidnthegetanewone?AmericanflagJune14,1777-TheContinentalCongresspa
19、ssedthefirstFlagAct:“Resolved,ThattheflagoftheUnitedStatesbemadeofthirteenstripes,alternateredandwhite;thattheunionbethirteenstars,whiteinabluefield,representinganewConstellation.”Thesymbolofthenationsstrengthandunity.Asourceofprideandinspirationformillionsofcitizens.Todaytheflagconsistsofthirteenho
20、rizontalstripes,sevenredalternatingwithsixwhite.Thestripesrepresenttheoriginalthirteencolonies,thestarsrepresentthefiftystatesoftheUnion.Thecolorsoftheflagaresymbolicaswell:RedsymbolizesHardinessandValor,WhitesymbolizesPurityandInnocenceandBluerepresentsVigilance,PerseveranceandJustice.Paraphrazebut
21、inmymindseyeanAmericantouristmaynoticeitandsmile.(Paragraph1)In ones minds eye:if you can see sth in your minds eye,you can imagine or remember what it looks like.butIimaginethatanAmericantouristmaynoticeitandshowhisappreciationofmyactionwithasmileParaphrasethedateandtheoccasionthatpromptitsappearan
22、ce:TheeventofthethirteensatesofBritishcoloniesdeclaringtheirindependenceonJuly4,1776broughtabouttheappearanceofthisflag.LanguageworkFoldaway:makesomethingintoasmaller,neatershapebyfoldingit,usuallyseveraltimesThesecampingchairscanbefolded awayandputinthetrunk.Thepieceofpaperwas folded awaycarefullya
23、ndputintoherpurse.foldawaybed/ironboardTranslation这种蚊帐可以折叠起来放在人的衣服口袋里。Thiskindofmosquitonetmaybefoldedfoldedawayawayinsidesomeonespocket.Regulationonlybeforenounaccordingtorulesorcustom:规定的a doctors regulation white coatThegirlswereallwearing regulation shoes.按规定速度行驶driveataregulationspeedprompt:pro
24、mpt:v v.causeorbringaboutanactionorfeeling(mainlyjournalism)promptn.prompta.promptlyad.TheTimesarticlepromptedhimtocallameetingofthestaff.Mychoicewaspromptedbyanumberofconsiderations.ParaphraseParaphrasesuppresssuchoutwardsignsoftheirheritage(Paragraph2)donotgivemanifestations(expression,indication)
25、oftheirtraditionalculturehandeddown遗留下来fromtheirancestorsParaphraseJuly4isoneofthetimeswhentheAmericaninmefeelsatwingeofuneaseaboutthegreatlacunaeinourchildrensunderstandingofwhotheyareandispromptedtotrytofillthegaps.(Paragraph3)TheAmericaninme:thefeelingofbeingAmericanwhichisdeeplyrootedinmymind.at
26、wingeofunease:asuddenfeelingofslightpainParaphraseJuly4isoneofthetimeswhentheAmericaninmefeelsatwingeofuneaseaboutthegreatlacunaeinourchildrensunderstandingofwhotheyareandispromptedtotrytofillthegaps.(Paragraph3)July4isoneofthetimesI,asanativeAmerican,feelindistinctivelyuneasyaboutthegreatgapsinourc
27、hildrensunderstandingoftheirAmericanidentity,andthusIammotivatedtodosomethingtofillthegaps.Lacuna（pl.)lacunae/-ni/orlacunas(formal)Anemptygapormissingpart.缺失lacunas inonesletter信中的几处空白Detailed readingPartIIparagraph 4-9Theauthortellsuswhatisgoodandwhatisbadinlivinginaforeigncountry.Hesupportshisargu
28、mentswiththeexperienceofhisownfamilyandthedifferencebetweenhisgenerationandthegenerationofhisownchildren.PartIIparagraph 4-9Whatdoyouthinkaretheadvantagesanddisadvantageofstudyingorlivingabroad?Whatarethecostsandbenefitsofraisingchildreninaforeignculture?Findoutevidencesinthetext.Para.4-ParaphraseAn
29、dourphysicalseparationfromournativelandisnotmuchofanissue.(Paragraph4)Andlivingawayfromournativecountrydoesnotmattermuch(inourchildrensacquisitionofournativelanguage).Translation吸二手烟的青少年长大以后患心脏吸二手烟的青少年长大以后患心脏疾病的机率比较高疾病的机率比较高.(expose).(expose)Teensexposedtosecond-handsmokehaveahigherriskofdevelopingh
30、eartdiseaselaterinlife.Objectlessonastrikingpracticalexampleofsomeprincipleorideal,aneventorstorythatshowsyoutherightorwrongwayofdoingsomething实例Theyrespondedtodailyemergenciesinawaythatwasan object lessontousall.Thatwasan object lesseninhowtohandleadifficultcustomer.Follyaverystupidthingtodo,especi
31、allyonethatislikelytohaveseriousresultsSomervillebitterlyregrettedthe mitafolly在你找到新的工作前就辞职是不明智的。Itwouldbefollytoquityourjobbeforefindinganewone.Para.5ComprensionWhydotheauthorandhisfamilygobackhomeforthesummer?(Paragraph5)AesopsFablesTheAesopsFablesreferstoacollectionoffablescreditedtoAesop(620-560
32、BC),aslaveandastory-tellerthatlivedinAncientGreece.Thefablesremainapopularchoiceformoraleducationofchildrentoday.LaFontainesFablesItisacollectionofancientfableswhichhavebeenreorganizedbyLaFontaine,asuperficialwriterofmorallessonsforchildren.ItisregardedasamirrorofthesociallifeofFranceinthe17thcentur
33、yontheperceptiveviewofhumannature.TakeprideinbeingAmericanhaveafeelingofgreatpleasureorsatisfactionofbeinganativeAmerican.Theteamhasachievedunprecedentedsuccessthisseason.Alltheplayerstake pride inbeingamemberofthisteam.Afteryearsofhardwork,shetakes pride inwritingbeautifully.她对自己三个孩子的成就感到万分自豪。Sheto
34、okgreatprideinthesuccessofherthreechildren.Para.6-ComprehensionHowmuchdoyouknowaboutAmericanrevolution?Para.6-ComprehensionDidtheauthorachievethepurposeofhissummertravelintheU.S.?Re-enacttoperformtheactionsofastory,crimeetcthathappenedinthepastAtthechurch,children re-enacted theChristmasstory.are-en
35、actment ofthecrimeEnact:establish,performSeveralbillswereenactedattheendofthissessionofParliament.Skirmishafightbetweensmallgroupsofsoldiers,shipsetc,especiallyonethathappensawayfromthemainpartofabattle-usedinnewsreports小冲突skirmishwith/between/overashortargument,especiallybetweenpoliticalorsportsopp
36、onents小争论在争论开始之前的关于规则的小争论a skirmishovertherulesbeforethedebatebegan.Goggle-eyedgas-protectiongogglesprotectivegogglessafetygogglesskiinggogglessnowgogglesMake-believe:whenyouimagineorpretendthatsomethingisrealortrueHeseemstobelivinginaworldof make-believe.childreninthemiddleofa make-believeadventure
37、Theymake believetheywereprincesandprincesses.Translation让我们来假扮成医生.Letsmakemakebelievebelievewearedoctors.Para.7Swell-swelled-swollentobecomelargerthannormal,usuallybecauseofliquidcollectinginside:My ankles tend to swell when I travel by air.Moisture causes the timber to swell.be swollen with somethi
38、ngbe swollen with something:The river was swollen with rain.GulliverGullivers TravelsGullivers Travels(1726,amended1735),isanovelbyIrishwriterandclergymanJonathanSwiftan Englishman who travels to the imaginarylands in Jonathan Swifts satire Gullivers Travels.Para.9frame of reference:frame of referen
39、ce:aparticularsetofbeliefs,ideas,orobservationsonwhichonebaseshisjudgement.Theobserverinterpretswhatheseesintermsofhisownculturalframeofreference.我们每个人都以其独特的、有局限性的判断标准来看待这个问题。Eachofusviewstheproblemfromhisparticularandlimitedframeofreference.DetailedreadingPartIIIparagraph 10-12Whydoestheauthorrecal
40、lhisownexperienceasachildinParagraph10?Whatarethedifferencesbetweentheauthorandhischildrenasexpatriatesataboutthesameage?Whatcausesthedifferences?(Paragraph910)Resonatere-(=back)+son(=sound)+-ate(V.)回声ifsomethingsuchasaneventoramessageresonates,itseemsimportantorgoodtopeopletosharethesamefeeling.wit
41、h,fullwith:anideathatresonateswithmanyvotersShemakesasimplestoryresonate withcomplexthemesandemotions.(充满）resonatetomakeasoundthatisproducedasareactiontoanothersoundHissoundresonatedthroughthehall.Resonantadj.Theairwas resonant withtheshoutsofthechildren.Theresonantnoteofabell.Resonancen.Theresonanc
42、eofisvoiceTranslation她的声音在剧院里回荡.Hervoiceresonatedthroughthetheatre.她使一部情节简单的小说充满了复杂的主题和情感。Shemakesasimplestoryresonatewithcomplexthemesandemotions.live out sth.live out sth.dosth.thatyouhavethoughtordreamedofdoing.Theinheritancewouldallowhertoliveoutherfantasies.personifytohavealotofaparticularquali
43、tyorbeatypicalexampleofsomething是的典型Carterpersonifiesthevaluesofself-relianceandhardworkkindness/generosityetcpersonifiedBerthawaskindnesspersonified.tothinkoforrepresentaqualityorthingasapersonpersonifysomethingassomebodyTheriverwas personified asagoddess.Translation诗歌中常把日、月拟人化。Thesunandthemoonareo
44、ftenpersonifiedpersonifiedinpoetry.常把蒙著眼睛手持天平的女人当作正义的象徵JusticeisoftenpersonifypersonifyasablindfoldwomanholdingapairofscalesparaphraseCowboysandIndianswereanAmericanclichthathadalreadyreachedparisthroughthemovies,andIaskedagrandparenttosendmeaDavyCrockethatsothatIcouldliveoutthatfairytaleagainsttheb
45、ackdropofgraypostwarofMontparnasse.CowboysandIndiansweretypicalimagesofAmericanlifeandsociety,whichpeopleinparishadalreadyseenenoughfromthemovies,andIaskedagrandparenttosendmeahatofDavyCrokettsstylesothatIcouldrealizethatfairytaleinthesomber(忧郁的）atmosphereofpostwarMontparnasse.Para.11InmydaylittleFr
46、enchkidslookedlikenothingotherthanlittleFrenchkids.(Paragraph11)only They were given nothing other than dry bread and water for their evening mealInthedayswhenIlivedinFranceasanexpatriatedchild,FrenchchildrenweredressedintheuniqueFrenchstyle,thuslookingquitedifferentfromtheircounterpartsinothercount
47、ries.Para.12comprensionWhydoestheauthorsaythedevelopmentissad?(Paragraph12)paraphraseourchildrenareconfrontingamuchlessjarringculturaldividethanIdid(Paragraph12)ourchildrenarefacedwithamuchlessshockingculturaldifferenceimmersetoputsomeoneorsomethingdeepintoaliquidsothattheyarecompletelycoveredColloc
48、ation:immersesb./sth.inimmerseoneselfin/beimmersedinImmerseyourfoot inicecoldwatertoreducetheswelling.Heleftschoolat16andimmersed himself intheLaborparty.Heimmersed himself inworksoastostopthinkingabouther.Translation克莱尔和菲尔在角落里深谈。克莱尔和菲尔在角落里深谈。ClareandPhilwereimmersedinconversationinthecorner.paraphr
49、aseRe-entry,whenitcomes,islikelytobesmoother.(Paragraph12)Itseemstobeeasierforthechildrentorestarttheacquisitionoftheirnativeculture.Cultural GlobalizationGlobalizationisaverycontroversialissuetoday.Opinionsvaryconsiderablyoveritsprosandcons.Pleasediscusswithyourclassmatesaboutthepositiveandnegative
50、effectsofglobalization.StructuralAnalysisInthistexttherearebothgeneralandspecificdiscussionsabouthowtokeeptheculturalidentityoftheexpatriatedpeople.A“specific-general”patternThespecificpoints:discussionofthecostsandbenefitsofraisingchildreninaforeignculturethegeneralconclusion:RhetoricalFeaturesGene
