高二英语UNIT8INVENTIONS.ppt

高二英语 UNIT 18 INVENTIONS,年级科目：高二英语 教 师：荀稳年 学 校：西安市第三十中学,高二英语学生学习课件,目 录,高二英语学生学习课件,WORD STUDY 词 汇 学 习,1. edible adj. fit to eat (因无毒性等) 可吃的，适于食用的 n. the things that fit to be eaten 可供食用的东西 作形容词，表示(因无毒性等)可吃的，适于食用的 Are these mushrooms edible? 这些蘑菇可以吃吗？ These berries are edible but those are poisonous. 些草莓可以吃，而那些是有毒的。 edible 还可以作名词，但必须用复数，edibles 指“可 供食用的东西” 同义词：eatable adj. 可吃的,2. inflatable adj. that you can inflate 可充气的 inflatable 是由inflate + -able 后缀构成的形容词，表示“可充气的”。类似的构成还有： accept 接受 acceptable 可接受的 love 喜爱 lovable 可爱的 admire 钦佩 admirable 令人钦佩的 suit 合适 suitable 合适的 That is an inflatable rubber boat. 那是一条可充气的橡皮船。,3. patent n. C official document giving the inventor or right by this 专利(权), 专利证书 apply / ask for a patent 申请专利 The patent runs out in two years time. 这项专利期限为两年。 patent v. 取得的专利，授予专利 The government patented the device to its inventor. 政府给予发明者对该发明的专利。 常用词组 a patent right 专利权 get a patent for 得到的专利权 patent office 专利局 the patent medicine 专卖药品,4. background n. 表示背景，后景 This is a photo of my house with the mountain in the background. 这是我家的照片，背景是山。 My younger sister has a dress with red spot on a white background. 我妹妹有一件白底红点的衣服。 表示一个人或物的背景，经历 Tell me your background. 告诉我你的经历。 What war forms the background to the story. 这个故事是以什么为背景的？ 表示一个人过去的经历，家庭状况和社会阶级等 My brother doesn't have the background for the job. 我的弟弟没有做这个工作的经验。,5. reject vt. throw away; cast aside as useless; say “no” to; not take sth. 丢掉, 抛弃; 拒绝，排斥 例如： He rejected the rotten food. 他扔掉了变坏了的食物。 He rejected my offer of help. 他拒绝了我的援助。 I proposed to her but she rejected me. 我向她求婚，但是被拒绝了。 He tried to join the army but was rejected. 他试图参军，但是没有被接受。,6. possibility n. U state of being possible可能性,可能; C sth. which is possible 可能的事情 the possibility of success 成功的可能性 the possibility of rain 下雨的可能性 Is there any possibility of having a sunny weekend? 周末有可能阳光明媚吗？ There is a possibility of his coming for Christmas. 他可能会过来过圣诞节。 Is there any possibility that he will be elected chairman? 他有当选主席的可能吗？ There is quite a possibility that war may break out. 很有可能会爆发战争。,7. otherwise adv. differently; apart from that 不同地, 另外地; conj. if not; or 否则, 要不然; adj. 不同的,别样的 He seems to think otherwise. 他似乎有其它的想法。 You must work hard, otherwise you will fail the exam. 你必须努力学习，否则你将考试失败。 Some are creative, some are otherwise. 有些人有创造力，有些人则不然。 I dont care whether he is rich or otherwise. 我不在意他富不富。 知识拓展 otherwise做形容词用时通常置于系动词后作表语 or otherwise或相反，或用别的方法,8. perception n. U ability to see, hear or understand 感知能力, 认识能力 We should improve our powers of perception. 我们应该提高我们的认识能力。 U 悟性；洞察力 His analysis of the problem showed great perception. 他对该问题的分析显出敏锐的洞察力。,9. allow v.允许，容许 allow sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 The nurse allowed him to stay in hospital for another two days. 那个护士准许他在医院再住两天 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 We dont allow making noise here,so you must keep quiet. 我们不允许在这儿弄出噪音，请你保持安静。 allow vt.给予(时间、金钱)；同意给予。后常接双宾语。 Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes. 请给我一分钟的时间让我换换衣服。 allow for= take into consideration考虑到 , 顾及 You should allow for his youth. 你应该体谅他年纪轻。 We must allow for the train being late. 我们应当考虑到火车可能晚点。,10. connection n. 联系；因果关系；联结 There is no connection between the two incidents. 那两件事情之间没有关联。 in connection with 与相关联，关于 She said nothing in connection with her marriage. 她决口不谈与她婚姻有关的事。 connect vt. 连接，把.联系起来，接通（电源电话） Their families are now connected by marriage. 他们两家有联姻关系。 The operator will connect you with our sales department. 接线员会与你接通我们的销售部。 be connected with 与有联系，和.有关系 He is no longer connected with Lenovo. 他和联想公司没有关系了。,11. involve: vt. make sth necessary as a condition or result 需要; include or affect (sb./sth.) in its operation 牵涉; be very busy with sth. 陷入；专注 The strike involved many people. 许多人参加了罢工。 involve sb./sth. in sth. Dont involve other people in your trouble. 别把别人牵涉到你的麻烦中去。 be involved in 专心于，聚精会神于 He was involved in working out a plan. 他专心致志于制定计划。 习惯用语 be deeply involved in debt 债台高筑 be involved in the scandal 卷入这一丑闻中 be involved in working out puzzle 专心于解出一道难题,12. attempt vt. to try 尝试，试图（+ n./to do/ doing） The enemy attempted an attack by night. 敌人准备趁夜色偷袭。 The enemy attempted to break through our lines. 敌人企图冲破我们的防线。 I attempted walking until I fell over. 我挣扎着走路，知道摔到才为止。 attempt n. the act of trying 企图，试图 (to do sth/ on sth) He made an attempt to pass the examination, but it was too difficult. 他试图通过考试，但考试太难了。 We failed in our attempt to climb the hill. 我们试图爬上山去，但失败了。 拓展：make an attempt to do 试图做某事 make an attempt at doing 试图做某事 make an attempt on 企图夺取,PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS 单 元 短 语 总 结,Explanation to the Texts: 教 材 解 析,Warming up,1. These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly. 这些筷子又好吃又环保。 friendly 除了表示“友好的, 朋友般的”含义, 还有“友善的, 表示赞赏的, 不反对的”含义。例如： A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views. 对任何争端进行友好的辩论有助于进一步了解相互的观点。 This company has never been friendly to change. 这家公司从不支持改革。 Its a government friendly to our interests. 这是一个符合我们利益的政府。,2. If so, what and why?,if so : 要是这样的话 Is the book available, and if so where? 类似的短语: if not 要是不哪； if necessary 如果有必要的话； if possible 如果可能的话； if and when 如果这样，当这样的时候 例如： Taste the soup and add salt and pepper if necessary . I want to get back by five o'clock if possible . I think I can fix it tomorrow. If not, you'll have to wait . We'll face that problem if and when it comes along . (=if it happens or when it happens) .,3. Are you tired of carrying around a heavy laptop computer? 你厌倦了随身携带一个沉重的笔记本电脑了么？ tire 作为动词,为使役动词, 意思是“使某人劳累”。词组tire sb.of sth.是“使某人厌倦了某事”的意思。所以sb.be tired of sth./doing sth.意为“某人厌倦了某事/做某事”。例如： When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life. 当一个人厌倦了伦敦的时候，他也就厌倦了生活。 I am tired of your stupid remarks.我听烦了你的蠢话。 知识拓展：sb.be tired of sth. 某人厌烦了某事 sb.be tired with sth. 某人做某事累了,4. the new nose-top computer fits comfortably on your nose and weighs fit sth on 把安装在上；试穿。例如： fit a new lock on a door have a new coat fitted on 知识拓展 fit sb./oneself (for) 使适应/胜任 fit oneself for ones new duties 使自己能胜任新职责 fit in (with) (使)适合,相合,配合 fit sb./sth out/ up 装备,提供设备 think/ see fit ( to do sth ) 决定,决心 be fit for / fit to do. 适合于/做,5. you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag. 你只需要放出空气，把自行车放进包里。 let out 放出；发出；泄露秘密。例如： When the bird got well, we let it out. 那只鸟复元后，我们就放它飞走了。 She let herself out of the house very quietly. 她静悄悄地从屋里溜出来。 Let out of a cry of pain. 发出痛苦的叫声。 知识拓展： let alone 更不用说；let be 不干涉，不管 let down 降下，放低; letinto 使进入 let off 免除,Listening &Speaking,1. Do you think it works? How does it work? 你认为它起作用么？ 是怎么起作用的？ work 此处作为不及物动词, 意思是“起作用; 操作;正常运转;有指定的效果或结果” 。例如： How does this lock work?这门锁怎么用? The telephone hasnt worked since the thunderstorm. 雷打后电话就不好用了。 Our friendship works best when we speak our minds. 当我们直言不讳时我们的友谊达到了最深。 This recipe seems to work. He is now 10 pounds less. 这个食谱似乎很成功, 他现在轻了10斤。 知识拓展：需要注意的是，这时否定形式多借助于助动词do 的适当形式。,2. You have invented a car that uses water instead of petrol. 你发明了一种使用水而非汽油的汽车。 instead of prep.短语，其后要加名词、代词、动名词作宾语。切记:不可以接从句。instead of后面的事情是被“舍”的，即不去做的。例如： He wanted to go to see the film instead of staying at home. 他想去看电影，而不是呆在家里。 拓展： instead adv. 单独使用，在句中作状语。用instead时，句中的动作是被“取”的，即要做的。例如： He didnt go to the cinema. Instead, he went swimming. 他去游泳了而没去看电影。 instead of conj. 后面可接形容词、副词、介词短语。 例如: Ill go there on foot instead of by bus.,3. Your new invention is a machine that makes it possible for people to know the future. 你的发明是一种可以使人们了解未来的机器。 在make it +adj. for sb.to do sth. 结构中, it 是形式宾语，此结构中真正的宾语是后面的不定式，而形容词充当了宾语补足语成分。课文中还出现了几个相似的例子。 Each new way of looking at a situation deepens our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilities. 每一种看待情况的新方法都会加深我们对问题的理解，使我们更容易发现新的解决途径。 The things we know can sometimes make it more difficult for us to understand new ideas. 我们已知的事物有时候会增加我们理解新观念的难度。,知识拓展：此类以it作形式宾语的动词还有feel, consider, find, believe, take, imagine, think, suppose, deem, count, regard等。例如： I consider it reasonable to tell her before hand. 我认为提前告诉她还是很有道理的。 I find it quite impossible to make some changes. 我发现要做变化不可能。 make的其它用法： make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 在这一结构中, 宾语补足语可以是不带to的动词不定式、过去分词或形容词形式。 (1) make + 宾语 + 不带to的不定式。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。例如：,They made the boy stand in front of us. 他们让那个男孩站在我们面前。 The boy made a face just to make others laugh. 那个男孩做了个鬼脸，只是想逗别人笑。 若变为被动语态, 补语要用带to的动词不定式。 In the old society, the farmers were made to work day and night. 在旧社会, 农民被迫不分白天黑夜地干活。 (2) make + 宾语 + 过去分词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事被”。 The chemistry teacher had a special way to make his students interested in chemistry. 化学老师有一种特殊的方法使学生对化学感兴趣。 The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard in class. 课堂上老师提高了嗓音以便别人能听到他说的话。 Can you make yourself heard in class? 课堂上你能让别人听到你说的话吗？,(3) make + 宾语 + 形容词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事(变得)”。 Make your stay in here comfortable. 让你自己呆在这儿很舒服。 The interesting story made him very excited. 这个有趣的故事使他很高兴。 They have made me angry. 他们使我生气。 They made the room very bright. 他们将房子搞得很明亮。 (4) make后的宾补还可用名词。 She made London the base. 她把伦敦当作基地。 She made herself the centre of the class. 她使自己成为班里的中心。 We make him our leader. 我们让他当领导。,(5) make+宾语+宾补复合结构中, 宾语太长时, 用it来代替。 He made it clear that he didnt like her. 他已表明不喜欢她。 The cold weather made it impossible to swim in the lake. 天气冷使得无法在湖里游泳。 考题： He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting 解析：catch sb.doing sth.的意思是“撞见(碰见)某人正在做某事”，是一固定用法。答案：D A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. A. smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 解析：find sb.doing sth.的意思是“发现某人正在做某事”。答案：B,Pre-reading,1.Are some people born creative, ? 一些人生来就富有创造力吗？ be born + adv., n., adj. 和to do。例如： I was born in Beijing on October 22, 1972. 我于1972年10月22日在北京出生。 He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship.他生为法国人，但后来取得了加拿大的公民身份。 She was born to succeed in life. 她生来注定会成功。 特别提示： bear 有两个过去分词，试比较： He was born in 1950.他出生于1950年。 She has borne 3 children.她生了三个小孩。,2. How do they come up with ideas for new inventions? 人们怎么会想出新发明的主意呢？ come up with 有两层含义 1.想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生。2. 赶上 He couldnt come up with an answer.他答不上来。 He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory. 他先想出了去参观工厂的好主意。 We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level. 我们在努力达到先进水平。 思维拓展 come up 上升;（话题，议题等）被提出;靠近 come up against 突然遇到（困难，反对等）。 come up to 走到，达到 come down的含义:传递；传给；减价,Reading,1. Instead, it seems that creative thinking,which is one of the most highly valued skills in society, is a matter of habits. 相反，创造力，这个在社会里被认作是最有价值的技能之一，似乎只是一种习惯的问题。 a matter of 此处用来表示“正常或经常的事情； 理所当然的事情”。 拓展：a matter of 还可以表示“大约，大概”的含义。 We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes. 我们大约只等了10分钟。 词组 a matter of course 正常/经常/理所当然的事情 a matter of life or death 生死攸关的事情 a matter of opinion 看法不同的事情 a matter of fact 事实上，实际上,2. By thinking about how we think and practising good thinking strategies,we can become more creative. 我们可以变得更有创造力，只要我们思考一下我们的思考方式，练习一下我们的思考方法。 介词by 表示“靠, 用, 通过, 按照, 由于”。注意: by的翻译要灵活，不同情况要有不同的译法。本课中也出现了其他句子。如： By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible,creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible. 通过用尽可能多的方法去看待一个问题，创造性的思想家能找到合适的方法，这个方法以前是想不到的。 By comparing and connecting ideas and objects in new ways, creative thinkers are able to think of new applications and solutions. 通过用一种新的手段把主、客观连在一起，创造性的思想家就能够发现新的解决问题的方法。,3. To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem. 破旧立新的意思就是要用新方法解决问题。 此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思为解放思想，思维方式要突破陈规，破旧立新。另外，此句型中,是由to think outside the box 不定式作主语，表语是to try new ways to solve a problem, 这是因为作主语的动名词、 不定式有对称使用的特点。 注意：不定式（短语）作主语的时候，往往由it作形式主语（但是不可以用that 作形式主语）不定式则移到谓语之后， 这种情况多见于口语中。例如： To be envied is better than to be pitied. = It is better to be envied than to be pitied. 令人嫉妒胜似令人怜悯。,4. Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try “impossible” or “crazy” solutions. 发明家们常常为了使用创造性的方法，或尝试一些不可能或疯狂的方法多次解决问题。 allow for 考虑; 顾及; 把某事算在内。例如： It takes about two hours to get to their office building, allowing for possible traffic delays. 考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。 Allowing for the train being late, we should be back by 10:30. 把火车晚点考虑在内,我们应该在十点半之前回来。 Allowing for wastage, the gas will last 3 weeks. 留出损耗, 这些汽油可以维持3周。,同义词辨析 allow allow所表示的允许, 含有“听任、默许”之意。但在实际语言运用中的区别并不那么严格, 在很多情况下可以交换使用。例如： Ill visit him tomorrow if weather permits. 如果天气条件许可，明天我要去拜访他。 Each student was allowed five minutes for free talk. 每个学生被允许五分钟自由谈话。 Smoking is not permitted in this cinema. 本电影院不许吸烟。,5. If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that dont provide a complete answer, we may get stuck. 如果我们仅仅去寻求正确的答案而否定了没有完整答案的想法，我们就会陷入困惑之中。 reject vt. 后面通常接名词: 拒绝接受，屈服。 He rejected their invitation point-blank. 他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。 We rejected his idea for a music club,and decided to have an art club instead. 我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。 reject vt. 抛弃的含义。 The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come. 如果你拒绝来的话，那男孩会感到被抛弃的。,同义词辨析 reject 和refuse reject表示因为不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而抛弃；它暗示无条件的拒绝。例如： He again offered himself for enlistment and was again rejected. 他再次要求应征入伍，结果再次被回绝了。 refuse通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁，既是及物动词也是不及物动词。可以与不定式连用。例如： The commander refused to discuss questions of right. 司令官拒绝讨论关于权力的问题。 Ill make him an offer he cant refuse. 我将给他一个无法拒绝的提议。,sb./sth. be stuck 某人、某物被难住;保持或变得静止；被固定、卡住、塞住或阻住。例如： We are late because we have been stuck in traffic for an hour. 我们迟到了因为被卡在交通阻塞中达一个小时。 The door is stuckI cant open it. 门卡住了， 我打不开。 He was stuck in the mud and cant move. 他陷在泥里，动不了。 比较：be stuck in，be caught in & be trapped in be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等。 We were caught in a storm on the way home. 我们在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴风雨。 be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套。 She was trapped in the burning house. 她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。,6. Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities. 创造性思考的作用是很明确的破旧立新。 break away 逃走；逃脱; break away from 摆脱某物， 从中脱离开来。例如： The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup. 抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。 break away 断裂;开裂 A large piece of ice broke away from the main block. 一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。 词 组： break out 爆发；break in闯入, 插嘴; break into 闯入; break down (机器)出故障, (身体)垮掉, (谈判)破裂; break up 分解, 解散, 解体, (集会)结束; break through; break off 突然中断, 折断, 断绝关系,7. By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible. 通过用尽可能多的方法去看待一个问题，创造性的思想家能找到合适的方法，而这个方法以前是想不到的。 此处asas 同级比较涉及了数量，我们可以用 as much + n. + as 或as many + n. + as 来表示。例如： I havent got as much money as I thought. 我没有得到原来想象的那么多钱。 We need as many records as possible. 我们需要尽可能多的唱片。 Youd better speak as much English as possible. 你最好尽量说英语。,在asas 的结构中, 第一个as的前面可以加上表示倍数的词、或是某些副词修饰语: twice, (three) times, nearly, almost, just, exactly, not nearly (根本不), by no means(绝不), quite 等, 表示倍数。例如： Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲有欧洲的四倍大（亚洲比欧洲大三倍）。 James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本没有罗伯特高。 Cast iron is almost as useful as steel. 铸铁差不多与钢一样有用。 She hasnt been quite so unlucky as she pretends. 她还没有像她常装出的那样不幸。,8.