形容词与副词.ppt

形容词和副词,1。形容词的位置：,形容词一般放被修饰词的前面,It is a quiet but interesting place.,形容词后置的情况,1）。当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some或every构成的复合词，如：something,anything,nothing He did everything possible to help us.,2) 只能充当表语的形容词必须后置 She was the only person awake at that night,3) Enough修饰名词既可放前也可放后，但所修饰的名词放句首时，只能前置.enough修饰形容词或者副词必须后置 I have enough time (time enough),4) 形容词else放不定代词或疑问代词后作定语 Anything else can I do for you,sir?,2.the+adj.表一类人（复数）和抽象概念（单数） We should help the old and the disabled.,多个形容词作定语的排列： 限定词/序数词-基数词描绘性形容词-大，小，长，短，高，低-形状-年龄，新旧-颜色-国籍，地区，出处-物质材料-用途，类别+名词,The old lady wants to buy a beautiful red Chinese silk dress for her daughter as a present They bought a charming big round new black French wooden writing desk last year.,3。意义相差很大的同根副词,close 接近地 closely 密切地 free 免费地 freely 自由地 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 late 晚 lately 近来 most 非常 mostly 主要地 wide 广阔地 widely 广泛地 high 高 highly 高度地 deep 深 deeply 抽象意义的“深” loud 大声地 loudly 大声地 （含有“喧闹”) near 邻近 nearly 几乎,注意：,不带ly,表具体,多位于动词（宾语）后,介词前,与过去分词构成复合词,带ly,表抽象,修饰形容词，副词，过去分词,修饰动词位置不限,4。与形容词相关的几个句型：,1) tooto,too+adj./adv.+to do 太。而不能做某事,too+adj.(表个性品质）to do 非常。做。 toonot to do 太。不会不做。 not/never tooto do 永不、决不。 only too/but tooto do 十分，非常，极其,The boy is too young to go to school. =The boy is not old enough to go to school. She is only too pleased to help you.,2）more than与其说（后面）倒不如说（前面） =be lessthan =be not so/as muchas =berather than.=be ratherthan.,She was more frightened than hurt. =She was less hurt than frightened. =She was frightened rather than hurt. =She was rather frightened than hurt.,3）can nottoo/ can never too越。越好 One can never be too careful to study.,4）A对B犹如C对D一样 A is to B (just) as C is to D =A is to B what C is to D =(Just) As C is to D,so is A to B =What C is to D,that is A to B,Air is to us as water is to fish. =Air is to us what water is to fish. =As water is to fish,so is air to us. =What water is to fish,that is air to us.,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 1、原级，即原形，如：big（大的） 2、比较级，表示 “更 一些” 或 “比较 ” 的意思， 如：bigger（更大，比较大） 3、最高级，表示 “最” 的意思，如：biggest（最大）。 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成： 一、规则变化： 1、单音节和部分双音节词，在词尾加 -er 或 -est 。 2、大部分双音节词和多音节词，在其前面加 more 或 most 。 具体见下表：,Grammar,构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级,一般在词尾加 -er 或 -est,以字母结尾的，加 -r 或 -st,以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这一字母，再加 -er 或 -est,以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先把 y 变成 i，再加 -er 或 -est,单音节词和部分双音节词,双音节词和多音节词,在形容词、 副词前加 more 或 most。,tall, long,taller, longer,tallest, longest,nice, late,nicer, later,nicest, latest,big, thin,bigger, thinner,biggest, thinnest,happy heavy,happier heavier,happiest heaviest,beautiful careful expensive interesting dangerous,more beautiful more careful more expensive more interesting more dangerous,Grammar,most beautiful most careful most expensive most interesting most dangerous,二、不规则变化：（需记忆）,原 形 比 较 级 最 高 级,good well bad ill many much little old far,better worse more less older elder farther further,best worst most least oldest eldest farthest furthest,Grammar,（三） 形容词与副词的比较等级 原级的构成和用法 构成： 形容词、副词的原级即本身 用法： 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面 相等时用“ as + 原级 as ” 不等时用 “ not so /as + 原级as ” 倍数用 “ 倍数 as + 原级 as ”,Eg: Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu . This building looks not so /as high as that one . Miss Liu speaks English as fluently as you. This room is three times as large as that one .,2. 比较级和最高级的构成 1） 规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（4种） 2）不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。 good / well - bad / ill - many / much - little - far - old -,3. 比较级的用法 1）双方比较， 表示一方超过另一方时， 用“比较级than “ 的结构 如This picture is more beautiful than that one . 2）表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less + 原级 than”结构 This room is less beautiful than that one. 3) 表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比较级 前加表示程度的状语， 如 even , a lot , a bit , a little, still, much , far , yet ,by far等修饰。,如 he works even harder than before,4) 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用 “ the + 比较级（主语谓语）the +比较级（主语谓语）” 结构 （越.越） The harder he works , the happier he feels . 5) 不与其他事物 相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用 “比较级 and + 比较级”结构。 The girl becomes more and more beautiful . The weather is getting colder and colder .,6） 某些以ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时， 用to 代替than . 这些词有inferior (劣等的 ，次的） ，superior , junior(资历较浅的）, senior 。 如： he is superior to Mr Zhang in chemistry.,7) 倍数表达法 A is + 倍数 the size ( height / length /width /depth ) of B A is + 倍数 as as B A is + 倍数 比较级 than B 注意： times 表三倍以上 ， 两倍用 twice / double 译： 我们的学校比他们的学校大三倍。（三种方法）,4 最高级的用法 1）三者或三者以上相比， 表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级” 的结构表示。 这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 如 ：ZhangHua is the tallest of the three . He works (the ) hardest in his class .,2) 最高级可被序数词以及much , by far , nearly , almost , by no means , not quite , not really , nothing like (没有什么能比得上）等修饰。 如： This hat is by far the biggest . How much did the second most expensive hat cost ? 3) 表示“最高程度” 的形容词，如 excellent , extreme, perfect等 没有最高级， 也没有比较级 。,4）形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时， 被修饰的的词往往省略。如： He is the tallest boy in his class . 5) 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。,5. 由 as / so 组成的形容词或副词短语。 1） as much as + 不可数名词数量。如： Each stone weighs as much as 15 tons . She could earn as much as ten dollars a week .,2) as many as + 可数名词数量 如： I have as many as sixteen reference books.,3) as early as 早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island .,4) as far as 远道， 就 而言 We might go as far as the church and back . As far as I know , he has been there before .,5) may / might as well 不妨，不如 Then you might as well stay with us here .,6) as as sb can be 到了最的程度 ， 极其 They are as unreliable as they can be . ( 他们极其不可信）,7) as as one can = as as possible ( 尽某人可能） He began to run as fast as he could,注意：,1。比较的对象应该相同 The radios made in our factory are better than those (made) in your factory. The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.,2.比较的对象不能相互包容 比较级than+any other+单数名词/all(the) other+pl./any one else/any of other+pl. The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States. China is larger than any other country in Asia/any country in Africa.,3。修饰比较级的修饰语有：rather,much,still,even,far,any,a lot,agreat deal,by far,a bit,three times. The students study even harder than before.,4。修饰最高级的修饰语有：序数词，by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not realy,not quite,nothing like. Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.,5.比较状语中动词的使用： Bob looks younger than I do. Bob looks younger than he is. Bob looked younger than I did. I know you better than he does. I know you better than him.,6。比较中的省略： 1）从句省略整个谓语，保留主语 Our library has as many books as yours.,2）省去谓语保留主语和be,have或助动词 Susan has done as much homework as you have.,3）省略主语和谓语，保留状语 She is much better than yesterday.,4）省去整个than从句 She is much healthier and happier.,7.无比较级，最高级的形容词和副词,1。表示比较，特殊意义的： comparative(ly),relative(ly),special(ly),2。表绝对意义的unexpected(ly),entire(ly),excellent(ly),perfect(ly),total(ly),thorough(ly),whole(ly),complete(ly),3。表大小，极限，主观，上下的： extreme(ly），main,major,chief(ly),senior,4。表性质特征的 scientific,wooden,golden,woolen,5。表独一无二的，形状的，强调的 only,single,round,level,very,own,simply,favorite,几组重要词语辨析 1） very 和 much 的区别 可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very 不用 much . 表示状态的过去分词前用very 。 如： a very frightened boy ; a very tired child a very complicated problem,以 -ing , -ed 结尾的分词 多用 much , very much , greatly 修饰。 如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. too 前用much 或 far , 不用very , You are much / far / a lot too nice.,注意： 修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very , 而用 quite, completely , well , entirely 等修饰。 如： quite wrong / mistaken / sure ; completely dead ; quite impossible , quite perfect 等 。,1. more than 不只是（= not only) Miss Li is more than a teacher. Shes our best friend. 2. more than + 数词，多于，超过，相当于over There are over/ more than 70 students in our class.,3. more than与其说 不如说 He is more diligent than clever,7.请区分下列词组,4.more than 极其地，非常地（=very) They are more than satisfied. 5. This is more than+ 从句 此事非某人所能,5. sth is more than + 从句 ( 此事非某人所能 ) Eg :This problem is more than I can solve. This is more than I can say.,6. more than one 不只一个（谓语动词用单数） more than once 不只这一次 More than one person _ this secret.,7. more than not more than 不超过，至多 at the most no more than 仅仅 ， 和 一样少,no more than 两者同样不 not more than 前者不如后者；不比 更,8 . less than (少于） not less than ( 不少于）= at least no less than （和一样多）= as much as,类似地： no fewer than = as many as 和一样多 no worse than = as good as 和一样好 no better than = as bad as 和一样坏 no richer than = as poor as 和一样穷 no later than = as early as 和一样早,9）否定比较级表最高级的意义 He has never spent a more worrying day.,10）no/not+比较级than的特殊含义 A is no more careful than B. A和B一样都不细心 A is no less careful than B. A和B一样细心 A is not more careful than B. A不如B细心 A is not less careful than B. A比B细心,11）than后加any other+单数名词，all other,the others, any other,any of the other, anything else表最高级 She plays the piano better than any other student/all other students/any of the other students/any of the others/anybody else in her class.,1.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 2.The _house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 3.There are two buildings,_stands nearly a hundred feet high. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which,A,A,D,4.It is reported that the United States uses _energy as the whole of Europe. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 5.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _to carry all the way home. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much He did it _ it took me. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time,D,A,D,7.Boris has brains. In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest 8. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,_. our holiday will be better. our holiday will be best the better our holiday will be the better will our holiday be.,B,C,9._to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C.Students brave enough D. Students enough brave 10.-Jim has his wife do all the house work! Isnt he wise? -Not really.He is _. more wise than lazy B. wiser than lazy C. more lazy than wise D. lazier than wise,C,C,11.After a long walk,she was _ tired that she had to go upstairs and rest. much B. enough C. too D. so 12. Why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for? -I had planned to,but I was $50 _. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short 13.John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies. very B. more C. far D. still,D,D,C,14.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold,so she stood _to her mother. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 15.Engines are to machines _hearts are to animals. just B. that C. what D. which 16.I was riding along the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down. -You can never be _careful in the street. much B. very C. so D. too 17.Have you been to New Zealand? -No.Id like to,_. A. too B. though C.yet D. either,A,C,D,B,