英语语言学conjuction教学教案.ppt

welcome,6.4.3 conjunction,So they hang up a sock for him to put presents in. It is a very happy day for many boys and girls. On Christmas morning, although it is not light. Later that night, Father or Mother will put presents in the sock. Christmas Day falls on the Dec. 25th. the children wake up very early for their presents. Children think that at night of the Dec. 24th , Father Christmas will come down the chimney or fireplace. and leave others at the side of the bed.,Key :,Christmas Day falls on the Dec. 25th. It is a very happy day for many boys and girls. Children think that at night of the Dec. 24th , Father Christmas will come down the chimney or fireplace. So they hang up a sock for him to put presents in. Later that night, Father or Mother will put presents in the sock, and leave others at the side of the bed. On Christmas morning, although it is not light, the children wake up very early for their presents,What is conjunction?,It presupposes a textual sequence and signals a relation between segments of the clauses. Four types of conjunction relations: additive, adversative, causal and temporal.,1. Additive relation:,a succeeding sentence supplies some additional information to the preceding sentence. ( and 、or 、furthermore、in other words, etc.) e.g. Im a single and I have no plan for marriage. Do you come here for study or simply on a visit.,2. Adversative relation:,the second sentence conveys the oppositional or contrastive information with the first one. ( yet、but 、however、otherwise、or, etc.) e.g. He was totally blind. Yet he had been very happy. Seize the chance, or you will regret it.,3. Causal relation:,it refers to the cause-effect relations. (so, then, therefore, consequently, as a result, etc) e.g. This engine uses less fuel and is therefore better for the environment. My car broke down and consequently I was late.,4. Temporal relation:,it refers to between the two successive sentences: the one is subsequent to the other . (then, first, meanwhile, finally, in conclusion, etc.) e.g. We must settle this matter finally. I went to college. Meanwhile, all my friends got well-paid jobs.,6.6.4 lexical cohesion,It refers to the cohesive effect achieved by the choice of lexical items . two categories: reiteration & collocation,6.4.4.1 collocation,It refers to the association of lexical items that regularly co-occur. e.g. She is a good teacher, but she is a bad mother.,6.4.4.2 Reiteration,it means either restating an item in a later part of the discourse by direct repetition or else reasserting its meaning by exploiting lexical relations. Four forms of reiteration : repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and meronymy,1. Repetition：,It refers to the reoccurrence of the same lexical item. e.g. O my love is like red, red rose Thats newly sprung in June; O my love is like the melody (Robert Burns),2. Synonymy:,It refers to the reoccurrence of two or more synonyms or near synonyms. e.g. I think that /For my money /in my opinion in a word /above all /at least/ consequently,3. Antonymy:,refers to the reoccurrence of two or more antonymous words or expressions to create cohesion within a text. e.g. It is the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was an epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us,4. Hyponymy and Meronymy,Hyponymy refers to the reoccurrence of two or more lexical items which are either subordinates or in general-specific relation with each other. e.g. I did cleaning last Sunday, washing clothes, wiping the table, sweeping the floor. Meronymy refers to the reoccurrence of lexical items which are in a part-whole relation with each other. e.g. -the old tree seems to be dying. Whats wrong with it? -cant you see all its barks stripped off by a lightening.,Hyponymy & Meronymy,plant,flower,vegetable,cabbage,potato,bean,lily,rose,From every mountainside, let freedom ring! And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:,Thank you!,